Attention Perception & Psychophysics最新文献_第4页

Racial salience modulated the face race lightness illusion: A comparative study of Caucasians and Asians 种族显著性调节人脸种族亮度错觉：白种人与亚洲人的比较研究。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02947-x

Linlin Yan, Yiwen Zhu, Yang Shen, Zurui Zhang, Yajie Liang, Zhe Wang, Yu-Hao P. Sun

{"title":"Racial salience modulated the face race lightness illusion: A comparative study of Caucasians and Asians","authors":"Linlin Yan, Yiwen Zhu, Yang Shen, Zurui Zhang, Yajie Liang, Zhe Wang, Yu-Hao P. Sun","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02947-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02947-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous research has demonstrated the existence of the face race lightness (FRL) illusion. It indicates that Black faces tend to appear darker than White faces, even when their luminance values are objectively adjusted to be the same. However, the debate over the exclusive influence of face-race categories on the FRL illusion continues, with the impact of racial groups on the illusion remaining relatively unexplored. To address these gaps, we conducted studies to investigate whether the FRL illusion varies in terms of racial salience and racial groups. We manipulated the racial salience by altering the orientation of the faces. A total of 64 Caucasians (Study 1) and 63 Asians (Study 2) were recruited. Participants were shown pairs of faces in rapid succession and were asked to report which face appeared lighter or darker. In each trial, the two faces belonged to the same race category: Black, Black–White ambiguous, or White. The luminance of the first face remained consistent across trials while the luminance of the second face varied and was adjusted across eight levels (− 20, − 12, − 8, − 4, + 4, + 8, + 12, + 20). Our findings reveal that the FRL illusion is largely dependent on the salience of face-race information. When faces were presented upright, the FRL illusion was prominent; however, it disappeared when faces were inverted. Remarkably, the FRL illusion was observed not only in Caucasians but also in Asians. Therefore, our results suggest that the FRL illusion primarily stems from race salience rather than participants’ racial groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142115014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The relationship between space and time perception: A registered replication of Casasanto and Boroditsky (2008) 空间与时间感知之间的关系：对 Casasanto 和 Boroditsky（2008 年）的注册复制。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02942-2

Mirinda M. Whitaker, Rachael C. Hansen, Sarah H. Creem-Regehr, Jeanine K. Stefanucci

{"title":"The relationship between space and time perception: A registered replication of Casasanto and Boroditsky (2008)","authors":"Mirinda M. Whitaker, Rachael C. Hansen, Sarah H. Creem-Regehr, Jeanine K. Stefanucci","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02942-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02942-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Everything in our environment moves through both space and time, and to effectively act we must be aware of both spatial and temporal elements in relation to our own bodies. Thus, perceptions of space and time have an intimate relationship. Walsh’s a theory of magnitude (ATOM) suggests that space and time perception rely on a general magnitude system and their relationship should be roughly symmetrical. Alternatively, metaphor theory, which is based on the philosophical work of Lakoff and Johnson, argues that we represent time using a spatial metaphor and thus the relationship should be asymmetrical (with space influencing time more than time influences space). A compelling line of evidence for metaphor theory comes from the work of Casasanto & Boroditsky. <i>Cognition</i>, <i>106</i>(2), 579–593. (2008) who experimentally demonstrated this asymmetric effect. However, in our previous unpublished online replication attempt of this work, we found a roughly symmetrical relationship between space and time, more in line with the theoretical predictions of ATOM. Given this, we performed a registered replication of Casasanto & Boroditsky. <i>Cognition</i>, <i>106</i>(2), 579–593. (2008) in both an online and laboratory environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142115020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Statistically learned associations among objects bias attention 物体间的统计学习关联会使注意力产生偏差。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02941-3

Andrew Clement, Brian A. Anderson

{"title":"Statistically learned associations among objects bias attention","authors":"Andrew Clement, Brian A. Anderson","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02941-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02941-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A growing body of research suggests that semantic relationships among objects can influence the control of attention. There is also some evidence that learned associations among objects can bias attention. However, it is unclear whether these findings are due to statistical learning or existing semantic relationships. In the present study, we examined whether statistically learned associations among objects can bias attention in the absence of existing semantic relationships. Participants searched for one of four targets among pairs of novel shapes and identified whether the target was present or absent from the display. In an initial training phase, each target was paired with an associated distractor in a fixed spatial configuration. In a subsequent test phase, each target could be paired with the previously associated distractor or a different distractor. In our first experiment, the previously associated distractor was always presented in the same pair as the target. Participants were faster to respond when this distractor was present on target-present trials. In our second experiment, the previously associated distractor was presented in a different pair than the target in the test phase. In this case, participants were slower to respond when this distractor was present on both target-present and target-absent trials. Together, these findings provide clear evidence that statistically learned associations among objects can bias attention, analogous to the effects of semantic relationships on attention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memory, attention and creativity as cognitive processes in musical performance: A case study of students and professionals among non-musicians and musicians 音乐表演中的记忆、注意力和创造力认知过程：非音乐家和音乐家中学生和专业人士的案例研究。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02944-0

Jingtao Zhao

{"title":"Memory, attention and creativity as cognitive processes in musical performance: A case study of students and professionals among non-musicians and musicians","authors":"Jingtao Zhao","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02944-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02944-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research discusses that cognitive processes such as memory, attention and creativity differ in students and professionals, among musicians and non-musicians, dealing with musical performance. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the role of memory, attention and creativity as cognitive processes in musical performance, focusing on the differences between non-musicians and musicians. The sample involved 400 individuals, students and professionals, specialising in music and economics. The research instruments used by the scholars were <i>the Wechsler Memory Scale, the Conners Performance Test,</i> and <i>the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking</i>. Musical students possessed better-developed auditory and short-term memory, while professional musicians had better auditory, visual working and short-term memory. Analysis of attention reveals that music students score better than non-musicians on all four aspects: inattention, impulsivity, sustained attention, and vigilance. For professionals, the key aspects are impulsivity and sustained attention with better results revealed in musicians. Creative thinking was the only factor where the differences were statistically significant in all five scales and the findings proved that creativity was better developed among musicians. This study provides an in-depth analysis and adds new knowledge to existing literature and empirical data on the cognitive processes associated with musical performance, focusing on memory, attention and creativity. By examining the differences between non-musicians and musicians, as well as students and professionals, the study provides insight into how musical performance can be used as a way to develop these cognitive processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Working memory load does not interfere with distractor suppression in the additional singleton task 在额外的单人任务中，工作记忆负荷不会干扰分心物抑制。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02940-4

Francisco Vicente-Conesa, Ignacio Castillejo, Miguel A. Vadillo

{"title":"Working memory load does not interfere with distractor suppression in the additional singleton task","authors":"Francisco Vicente-Conesa, Ignacio Castillejo, Miguel A. Vadillo","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02940-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02940-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the last decade, the additional singleton task has been widely used to study visual statistical learning. In this paradigm, participants are instructed to find a target while ignoring a series of distractors. In some trials, a salient singleton distractor is added to the search display, making the task more difficult. However, if the singleton appears more frequently in one particular location of the display, participants eventually learn to suppress attention towards this location. It has been suggested that this type of learning is probably implicit and independent of working memory (WM) resources. To our knowledge, only one study has explored the impact of WM in suppression effect (Gao & Theeuwes, <i>Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 27,</i> 96–104, 2020). However, there are reasons to suspect that the amount and type of WM load used in that study may have been suboptimal to detect any effects on distractor suppression. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of WM load on distractor suppression addressing these issues. Contrary to our expectations, our results confirm that this type of learning is indeed highly resilient even to strong manipulations of WM load.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142010005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In simple but challenging search tasks, most errors are stochastic 在简单但具有挑战性的搜索任务中，大多数错误都是随机的。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02938-y

Jeremy M. Wolfe, Johan Hulleman, Ava Mitra, Wentao Si

{"title":"In simple but challenging search tasks, most errors are stochastic","authors":"Jeremy M. Wolfe, Johan Hulleman, Ava Mitra, Wentao Si","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02938-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02938-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In visual search tasks in the lab and in the real world, people routinely miss targets that are clearly visible: so-called look but fail to see (LBFTS) errors. If search displays are shown to the same observer twice, we can ask about the probability of joint errors, where the target is missed both times. If errors are “deterministic,” then the probability of a second error on the same display–given that the target was missed the first time–should be high. If errors are “stochastic,” the probability of joint errors should be the product of the error rate for first and second appearances. Here, we report on two versions of a <i>T</i> among <i>L</i>s search with somewhat degraded letters to make search more difficult. In Experiment 1, <i>T</i>s could either appear amidst crowded “clumps” of <i>L</i>s or more in isolation. Observers made more errors when the <i>T</i> was in a clump, but these errors were mainly stochastic. In Experiment 2, the task was made harder by making <i>T</i>s and <i>L</i>s more similar. Again, errors were predominantly stochastic. If other, socially important errors are also stochastic, this would suggest that “double reading,” where two observers (human or otherwise) look at each stimulus, could reduce overall error rates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retraction Note: Mask-related costs in measuring preview benefit: Evidence from a distributional analysis based on target word reading times 撤稿说明：衡量预览效益的面具相关成本：基于目标词阅读时间的分布分析证据。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02943-1

Nikki G. Fackler, Peter C. Gordon

引用次数: 0

Openness to experience predicts eye movement behavior during scene viewing 体验开放性可预测观看场景时的眼动行为。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02937-z

Nicholas J. Wyche, Mark Edwards, Stephanie C. Goodhew

{"title":"Openness to experience predicts eye movement behavior during scene viewing","authors":"Nicholas J. Wyche, Mark Edwards, Stephanie C. Goodhew","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02937-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02937-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individuals’ <i>abilities</i> to perform goal-directed spatial deployments of attention are distinguishable from their broader <i>preferences</i> for how they use spatial attention when circumstances do not compel a specific deployment strategy. Although these preferences are likely to play a major role in how we interact with the visual world during daily life, they remain relatively understudied. This exploratory study investigated two key questions about these preferences: firstly, are individuals consistent in their preferences for how they deploy their spatial attention when making shifts of attention versus adopting an attentional breadth? Secondly, which other factors are associated with these preferences? Across two experiments, we measured how participants preferred to deploy both <i>attentional breadth</i> (using an adapted Navon task) and <i>eye movements</i> (using a free-viewing task). We also measured participants’ working memory capacities (Experiment 1), and their personalities and world beliefs (Experiment 2). In both experiments, there were consistent individual differences in preference for attentional breadth and eye movement characteristics, but these two kinds of preference were unrelated to each other. Working memory capacity was not linked to these preferences. Conversely, the personality trait of Openness to Experience robustly predicted two aspects of eye movement behavior preference, such that higher levels of Openness predicted <i>smaller</i> saccades and <i>shorter</i> scan paths. This suggests that personality dimensions may predict preferences for more absorbed engagement with visual information. However, it appears that individuals’ preferences for shifts of attention during scene viewing do not necessarily relate to the breadth of attention they choose to adopt.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/s13414-024-02937-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mixing and mingling in visual working memory: Inter-item competition is feature-specific during encoding and feature-general during maintenance 视觉工作记忆中的混合与混杂：项目间的竞争在编码时是特定特征的，而在保持时则是一般特征的。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02933-3

Janna W. Wennberg, John T. Serences

{"title":"Mixing and mingling in visual working memory: Inter-item competition is feature-specific during encoding and feature-general during maintenance","authors":"Janna W. Wennberg, John T. Serences","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02933-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02933-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Visual working memory (WM) is a central cognitive ability but is capacity-limited due to competition between remembered items. Understanding whether inter-item competition depends on the similarity of the features being remembered has important implications for determining if competition occurs in sensory or post-sensory stages of processing. Experiment 1 compared the precision of WM across homogeneous displays, where items belonged to the same feature type (e.g., colorful circles), and heterogeneous displays (e.g., colorful circles and oriented bars). Performance was better for heterogeneous displays, suggesting a feature-specific component of interference. However, Experiment 2 used a retro-cueing task to isolate encoding from online maintenance and revealed that inter-item competition during storage was not feature-specific. The data support recent models of WM in which inter-item interference – and hence capacity limits in WM – occurs in higher-order structures that receive convergent input from a diverse array of feature-specific representations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11410897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Absolute pitch in involuntary musical imagery 无意识音乐意象中的绝对音高。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02936-0

Matthew G. Evans, Pablo Gaeta, Nicolas Davidenko

引用次数: 0