Attention Perception & Psychophysics最新文献_第4页

Non-symbolic estimation of big and small ratios with accurate and noisy feedback. 利用准确的噪声反馈对大比率和小比率进行非符号估算。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02914-6

Nicola J Morton, Matt Grice, Simon Kemp, Randolph C Grace

{"title":"Non-symbolic estimation of big and small ratios with accurate and noisy feedback.","authors":"Nicola J Morton, Matt Grice, Simon Kemp, Randolph C Grace","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02914-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02914-6","url":null,"abstract":"The ratio of two magnitudes can take one of two values depending on the order they are operated on: a 'big' ratio of the larger to smaller magnitude, or a 'small' ratio of the smaller to larger. Although big and small ratio scales have different metric properties and carry divergent predictions for perceptual comparison tasks, no psychophysical studies have directly compared them. Two experiments are reported in which subjects implicitly learned to compare pairs of brightnesses and line lengths by non-symbolic feedback based on the scaled big ratio, small ratio or difference of the magnitudes presented. Results of Experiment 1 showed all three operations were learned quickly and estimated with a high degree of accuracy that did not significantly differ across groups or between intensive and extensive modalities, though regressions on individual data suggested an overall predisposition towards differences. Experiment 2 tested whether subjects learned to estimate the operation trained or to associate stimulus pairs with correct responses. For each operation, Gaussian noise was added to the feedback that was constant for repetitions of each pair. For all subjects, coefficients for the added noise component were negative when entered in a regression model alongside the trained differences or ratios, and were statistically significant in 80% of individual cases. Thus, subjects learned to estimate the comparative operations and effectively ignored or suppressed the added noise. These results suggest the perceptual system is highly flexible in its capacity for non-symbolic computation, which may reflect a deeper connection between perceptual structure and mathematics.","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11410853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141592154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mixing and mingling in visual working memory: Inter-item competition is feature-specific during encoding and feature-general during maintenance. 视觉工作记忆中的混合与混杂：项目间的竞争在编码时是特定特征的，而在保持时则是一般特征的。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02933-3

Janna W Wennberg, John T Serences

{"title":"Mixing and mingling in visual working memory: Inter-item competition is feature-specific during encoding and feature-general during maintenance.","authors":"Janna W Wennberg, John T Serences","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02933-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02933-3","url":null,"abstract":"Visual working memory (WM) is a central cognitive ability but is capacity-limited due to competition between remembered items. Understanding whether inter-item competition depends on the similarity of the features being remembered has important implications for determining if competition occurs in sensory or post-sensory stages of processing. Experiment 1 compared the precision of WM across homogeneous displays, where items belonged to the same feature type (e.g., colorful circles), and heterogeneous displays (e.g., colorful circles and oriented bars). Performance was better for heterogeneous displays, suggesting a feature-specific component of interference. However, Experiment 2 used a retro-cueing task to isolate encoding from online maintenance and revealed that inter-item competition during storage was not feature-specific. The data support recent models of WM in which inter-item interference - and hence capacity limits in WM - occurs in higher-order structures that receive convergent input from a diverse array of feature-specific representations.","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11410897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141972380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Working memory load does not interfere with distractor suppression in the additional singleton task. 在额外的单人任务中，工作记忆负荷不会干扰分心物抑制。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02940-4

Francisco Vicente-Conesa, Ignacio Castillejo, Miguel A Vadillo

{"title":"Working memory load does not interfere with distractor suppression in the additional singleton task.","authors":"Francisco Vicente-Conesa, Ignacio Castillejo, Miguel A Vadillo","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02940-4","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02940-4","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade, the additional singleton task has been widely used to study visual statistical learning. In this paradigm, participants are instructed to find a target while ignoring a series of distractors. In some trials, a salient singleton distractor is added to the search display, making the task more difficult. However, if the singleton appears more frequently in one particular location of the display, participants eventually learn to suppress attention towards this location. It has been suggested that this type of learning is probably implicit and independent of working memory (WM) resources. To our knowledge, only one study has explored the impact of WM in suppression effect (Gao & Theeuwes, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 27, 96-104, 2020). However, there are reasons to suspect that the amount and type of WM load used in that study may have been suboptimal to detect any effects on distractor suppression. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of WM load on distractor suppression addressing these issues. Contrary to our expectations, our results confirm that this type of learning is indeed highly resilient even to strong manipulations of WM load.","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142010005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attending is not enough: Responding to targets is needed for across-trial statistical learning. 仅仅参加是不够的：跨试验统计学习需要对目标做出反应。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02952-0

Ai-Su Li, Dirk van Moorselaar, Jan Theeuwes

{"title":"Attending is not enough: Responding to targets is needed for across-trial statistical learning.","authors":"Ai-Su Li, Dirk van Moorselaar, Jan Theeuwes","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02952-0","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02952-0","url":null,"abstract":"Recent evidence shows that observers are able to learn across-trial regularities as indicated by faster responses to targets whose location was predicted by the target's location on the preceding trial. The present study investigated whether responding to both targets of the pair, as was the case in studies thus far, was needed for learning to occur. Participants searched for a shape singleton target and responded to the line inside. There were two across-trial predicting-predicted regularities regarding target locations: if the target appeared at one specific location on a given trial, it would appear at another specific location on the next trial. Unlike previous experiments, for one of these regularity pairs a response was only needed on either the first or the second target in the pair. Experiment 1 showed that across-trial learning only occurred when responding was required to both targets of a pair. If the response to one target of a pair had to be withheld, no learning occurred. Experiment 2 showed that the absence of learning cannot be attributed to carry-over inhibition resulting from not having to respond. After learning across-trial contingencies, learning remained in place even when the response to the first target of the pair had to be withheld. Our findings show that the execution of the (arbitrary) simple key-press response for both trials of the pair was needed for across-trial statistical learning to occur, whereas solely attending target locations did not result in any learning.","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11410895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142115013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Endogenous attention enhances contrast appearance regardless of stimulus contrast. 无论刺激物的对比度如何，内源性注意力都会增强对比度的外观。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02929-z

Zi-Xi Luo, Wang-Nan Pan, Xiang-Jun Zeng, Liang-Yu Gong, Yong-Chun Cai

{"title":"Endogenous attention enhances contrast appearance regardless of stimulus contrast.","authors":"Zi-Xi Luo, Wang-Nan Pan, Xiang-Jun Zeng, Liang-Yu Gong, Yong-Chun Cai","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02929-z","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02929-z","url":null,"abstract":"There has been enduring debate on how attention alters contrast appearance. Recent research indicates that exogenous attention enhances contrast appearance for low-contrast stimuli but attenuates it for high-contrast stimuli. Similarly, one study has demonstrated that endogenous attention heightens perceived contrast for low-contrast stimuli, yet none have explored its impact on high-contrast stimuli. In this study, we investigated how endogenous attention alters contrast appearance, with a specific focus on high-contrast stimuli. In Experiment 1, we utilized the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm to direct endogenous attention, revealing that contrast appearance was enhanced for both low- and high-contrast stimuli. To eliminate potential influences from the confined attention field in the RSVP paradigm, Experiment 2 adopted the letter identification paradigm, deploying attention across a broader visual field. Results consistently indicated that endogenous attention increased perceived contrast for high-contrast stimuli. Experiment 3 employed equiluminant chromatic letters as stimuli in the letter identification task to eliminate potential interference from contrast adaption, which might have occurred in Experiment 2. Remarkably, the boosting effect of endogenous attention persisted. Combining the results from these experiments, we propose that endogenous attention consistently enhances contrast appearance, irrespective of stimulus contrast levels. This stands in contrast to the effects of exogenous attention, suggesting that mechanisms through which endogenous attention alters contrast appearance may differ from those of exogenous attention.","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141592151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Automatic imitation is modulated by stimulus clarity but not by animacy. 自动模仿受刺激物清晰度的调节，但不受灵性的调节。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02935-1

Hannah Wilt, Yuchunzi Wu, Antony Trotter, Patti Adank

{"title":"Automatic imitation is modulated by stimulus clarity but not by animacy.","authors":"Hannah Wilt, Yuchunzi Wu, Antony Trotter, Patti Adank","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02935-1","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02935-1","url":null,"abstract":"Observing actions evokes an automatic imitative response that activates mechanisms required to execute these actions. Automatic imitation is measured using the Stimulus Response Compatibility (SRC) task, which presents participants with compatible and incompatible prompt-distractor pairs. Automatic imitation, or the compatibility effect, is the difference in response times (RTs) between incompatible and compatible trials. Past results suggest that an action's animacy affects automatic imitation: human-produced actions evoke larger effects than computer-generated actions. However, it appears that animacy effects occur mostly when non-human stimuli are less complex or less clear. Theoretical accounts make conflicting predictions regarding both stimulus manipulations. We conducted two SRC experiments that presented participants with an animacy manipulation (human and computer-generated stimuli, Experiment 1) and a clarity manipulation (stimuli with varying visual clarity using Gaussian blurring, Experiments 1 and 2) to tease apart effect of these manipulations. Participants in Experiment 1 responded slower for incompatible than for compatible trials, showing a compatibility effect. Experiment 1 found a null effect of animacy, but stimuli with lower visual clarity evoked smaller compatibility effects. Experiment 2 modulated clarity in five steps and reports decreasing compatibility effects for stimuli with lower clarity. Clarity, but not animacy, therefore affected automatic imitation, and theoretical implications and future directions are considered.","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11411005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rhythmic variance influences the speed but not the accuracy of complex averaging decisions. 节奏差异会影响复杂平均决策的速度，但不会影响其准确性。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02930-6

David Greatrex, Sarah Hawkins

{"title":"Rhythmic variance influences the speed but not the accuracy of complex averaging decisions.","authors":"David Greatrex, Sarah Hawkins","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02930-6","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02930-6","url":null,"abstract":"When a rhythm makes an event predictable, that event is perceived faster, and typically more accurately. However, the experiments showing this used simple tasks, and most manipulated temporal expectancy by using periodic or aperiodic precursors unrelated to stimulus and task. Three experiments tested the generality of these observations in a complex task in which rhythm was intrinsic to, rather than a precursor of, the information needed to respond: listeners averaged the laterality of a stream of noise bursts. We varied presentation rate, degree of periodicity, and average lateralisation. Decisions following a probe tone were fastest after periodic stimuli, and slowest after the most aperiodic stimuli. Without a probe tone, listeners responded sooner during periodic sequences, thus hearing less information. Periodicity did not benefit accuracy overall. This gain in speed but not accuracy for less information is not reported for simpler tasks. Neural entrainment supplemented by cognitive factors provide a tentative explanation. When the task is inherently complex and demands high attention over long durations, both expected-periodic and unexpected-aperiodic stimuli can increase response amplitude, enhancing stimulus representation, but periodicity increases confidence to respond early. Drift diffusion modelling supports this proposal: aperiodicity modulated the decision threshold, but not the drift rate or non-decision time. Together, these new data and the literature point towards task-dependent effects of temporal expectation on decision-making, showing interactions between rhythmic variance, task complexity, and sources of expectation about stimuli. We suggest the implications are worth exploring to extend understanding of rhythmicity on decision-making to everyday situations.","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141899039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Timbral brightness perception investigated through multimodal interference. 通过多模态干扰研究音调亮度感知

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02934-2

Charalampos Saitis, Zachary Wallmark

{"title":"Timbral brightness perception investigated through multimodal interference.","authors":"Charalampos Saitis, Zachary Wallmark","doi":"10.3758/s13414-024-02934-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13414-024-02934-2","url":null,"abstract":"Brightness is among the most studied aspects of timbre perception. Psychoacoustically, sounds described as \"bright\" versus \"dark\" typically exhibit a high versus low frequency emphasis in the spectrum. However, relatively little is known about the neurocognitive mechanisms that facilitate these metaphors we listen with. Do they originate in universal magnitude representations common to more than one sensory modality? Triangulating three different interaction paradigms, we investigated using speeded classification whether intramodal, crossmodal, and amodal interference occurs when timbral brightness, as modeled by the centroid of the spectral envelope, and pitch height/visual brightness/numerical value processing are semantically congruent and incongruent. In four online experiments varying in priming strategy, onset timing, and response deadline, 189 total participants were presented with a baseline stimulus (a pitch, gray square, or numeral) then asked to quickly identify a target stimulus that is higher/lower, brighter/darker, or greater/less than the baseline after being primed with a bright or dark synthetic harmonic tone. Results suggest that timbral brightness modulates the perception of pitch and possibly visual brightness, but not numerical value. Semantically incongruent pitch height-timbral brightness shifts produced significantly slower reaction time (RT) and higher error compared to congruent pairs. In the visual task, incongruent pairings of gray squares and tones elicited slower RTs than congruent pairings (in two experiments). No interference was observed in the number comparison task. These findings shed light on the embodied and multimodal nature of experiencing timbre.","PeriodicalId":55433,"journal":{"name":"Attention Perception & Psychophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11410849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Absolute pitch in involuntary musical imagery. 无意识音乐意象中的绝对音高。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02936-0

Matthew G Evans, Pablo Gaeta, Nicolas Davidenko

引用次数: 0

Phonetic categorization in phonological lexical neighborhoods: Facilitatory and inhibitory effects. 语音词汇邻域中的语音分类：促进和抑制作用。

IF 1.7 4区心理学

Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-024-02931-5

Yubin Zhang

引用次数: 0