Biopreservation and Biobanking最新文献

{"title":"Establishing and Managing a Biobank at an Academic Institution in a Resource-Limited Setting: A Case Study from Ecuador.","authors":"Alexander Maldonado, Andrés Herrera-Yela, Evaluna Chicango, Micaela Gómez, Gabriela Naranjo, Camila Maldonado, Paula Echeverría","doi":"10.1177/19475535261435977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19475535261435977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Advances in technology and scientific research have enabled the establishment of biobanks worldwide, starting as centers for storing biological samples and evolving into institutions with specialized infrastructure. Establishing a biobank in an academic institution with limited resources is often considered a difficult goal. However, at Universidad Internacional SEK in Quito, Ecuador, this challenge has been seen as an opportunity to establish a biobank without external funding or specialized infrastructure.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A descriptive case study design was used to document the establishment process. For ease of use, microbial isolates were used to implement workflows; these were obtained from undergraduate teaching laboratories and through formal collaboration with a clinical laboratory. The biobank was developed under a quality management system in accordance with International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 20387, including the creation of standard operating procedures (SOPs) and governance documents. Performance indicators were established, such as sample storage capacity, processing time, SOP compliance, viability rate, and readiness for the future integration of clinical samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 190 biological samples were incorporated, including 46 bacterial isolates obtained during teaching practice and 144 diverse microorganisms, including multidrug-resistant strains, provided by the collaborating laboratory. Twenty-five initial SOPs were developed. Storage capacity reached 80%, with an average processing time of 2.5 hours per sample. Viability tests confirmed a 96% recovery rate after 3 months of storage. Student participation in the project provided training in biosafety, traceability, and quality management. Human samples were not included at this stage, as the objective was to establish ethical and legal frameworks that would allow for future expansion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case study demonstrates that the implementation of biobanks in low- and middle-income countries is viable and operational and strengthens the academic system by integrating teaching and research toward a sustainable scientific infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":"19475535261435977"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147516643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Fertility Potential of Cryopreserved Ring-Necked Pheasant Semen Through Antibiotic-Mediated Control of Bacterial Contamination.","authors":"Aasma Iqbal, Bushra Allah Rakha, Umer Ali, Shamim Akhter, Iffat Nayila","doi":"10.1177/19475535261428831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19475535261428831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bacteria can deteriorate spermatozoal quality during semen cryopreservation, compromising artificial insemination (AI) success. Antibiotics are included in extenders to reduce the harmful effects of bacterial contamination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate antibiotics in ring-necked pheasant semen cryopreservation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was designed to assess the efficiency of antibiotics (gentamicin, streptomycin, penicillin) on sperm quality and total aerobic bacterial count (TABC) of cryopreserved ring-necked pheasant (<i>Phasianus colchicus</i>) semen.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semen from eight males (40 ejaculates) was pooled, diluted with Red Fowl Extender, and divided into five treatments including a control; experiments were repeated five times. Samples were cryopreserved using 10% glycerol and stored at -196°C. Sperm quality was assessed at multiple stages postdilution, postcooling, postequilibration, and post-thaw, along with fertility outcomes via AI. TABC was determined by culturing thawed samples at 37°C.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All antibiotic treatments significantly improved semen quality compared with the control, with the streptomycin-penicillin (SP) combination yielding the best results across all stages. The SP group exhibited higher acrosome integrity and sperm livability (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Fertility trials showed higher fertilization and hatch rates in the postdilution group compared with the post-thaw group. TABC was below the detectable limits (<1.0 × 10⁴ colony-forming units [CFU]/mL) in all the antibiotic-treated extenders compared with 1.1 × 10⁴ CFU/mL in the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study supports the use of antibiotic-enriched extenders to reduce bacterial contamination and enhance reproductive outcomes in avian AI programs, with potential benefits for conservation. Further work is recommended to elucidate mechanisms and optimize antibiotic concentration for long-term storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":"19475535261428831"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147461011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Biobanque Québécoise de la COVID-19: Anticipate to Innovate.","authors":"Maushumi Bhattacharjee, Julie Bérubé, Madeleine Durand, Simon Rousseau, Ma'n H Zawati","doi":"10.1177/19475535261429759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19475535261429759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the urgent need for strong biobanking infrastructures to facilitate rapid research and innovation in public health emergencies. The COVID-19 Québec Biobank (BQC19), launched in March 2020, serves as a pioneering initiative to address this demand, enabling the collection, storage, and sharing of biological samples and data to advance diagnostics, therapeutics, and epidemiological research. This article examines the development and operational framework of BQC19, highlighting five key themes central to its success. First, BQC19's anticipatory governance model emphasizes adaptability, leveraging strategic foresight to maintain ethical and efficient operations during the pandemic. Second, the initiative's harmonized yet flexible consent processes ensured participant autonomy and compliance with evolving clinical and public health contexts. Third, BQC19's collaborative governance framework facilitated seamless interinstitutional cooperation, supported by standardized operating procedures and localized manuals of procedures. Fourth, streamlined data access mechanisms, managed by an independent data access committee, promoted ethical and equitable data sharing, balancing privacy considerations with research accessibility. Last, BQC19 demonstrates the transferability of its infrastructure to other health challenges, providing a scalable, ethical, and collaborative model for future public health crises. Through centralized data management, preestablished legal agreements, and tiered access protocols, BQC19 has significantly reduced response times and operational inefficiencies. Its achievements showcase the potential of biobanks in fostering global health collaboration, enabling rapid research mobilization, and addressing emerging health threats. BQC19's legacy lies in its ability to integrate innovation, ethics, and collaboration into a sustainable framework for public health preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":"19475535261429759"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Requalification and Data Management of Pediatric Biological Samples Collected since 1984: A Case Study from a Neuroblastoma Collection.","authors":"Laure Sanvee-Edoh, Kouamé Ambroise Kintossou, Séverine Tabone-Eglinger","doi":"10.1177/19475535261428051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19475535261428051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Biological Sample Management Platform (PGEB) of the Centre Léon Bérard is responsible for the preparation, preservation, storage, and provision of the institution's sample collection. The PGEB was approached to integrate a neuroblastoma collection, one of the most common pediatric cancers. This collection was initiated through the diagnostic reference activity for neuroblastoma at the Centre Léon Bérard.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To requalify pediatric biological samples collected between 1984 and 2024 and to make them available for pediatric research protocols.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study began with an assessment of the data associated with each of the 21,389 samples in the collection. These data were then compared with relevant regulations and consensus documents related to biobank data management, as well as the minimum data requirements for research use. Based on this, a methodology for sorting samples-either for retention or disposal-was applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A set of minimum information criteria was established to revalue the samples. Various texts applicable in France mention the minimum data required for making samples available, but no consensus exists, either nationally or internationally. Furthermore, 65% of the samples met the criteria and were retained for future research use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This article describes the research work that led to the identification of minimum required data. However, further development is needed to harmonize practices regarding data management and interoperability.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":"19475535261428051"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation and Long-Term Maintenance of ISO 20387:2018 in a Public Hospital Biobank: The Pisa Experience.","authors":"Alessandra Zucca, Elisa Biagi, Francesca Nocchi, Simone Lapi","doi":"10.1177/19475535261428401","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19475535261428401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>ISO 20387:2018 is the first international standard specifically designed for biobanks, defining requirements for competence, impartiality, and operational consistency. In 2022, the Multi-Specialistic Biobank of the Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana became the first biobank in Italy to achieve ISO 20387 accreditation, setting a national benchmark for public-sector quality governance.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>The accreditation pathway followed a structured 12-month plan combining gap analysis, document harmonization, competence development, and internal audits. A multidisciplinary quality working group redesigned the quality management system and aligned managerial and operational processes with ISO 20387 requirements. Fourteen quality documents were revised or newly developed to standardize workflows, strengthen traceability, and embed risk-based principles throughout the biobank's activities.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>ISO 20387 accreditation was granted on July 14, 2022. Subsequent surveillance audits in 2023, 2024, and 2025 confirmed sustained compliance and progressive improvements, including expanded internal audits, enhanced risk assessment, digital competence tracking, and strengthened Corrective and Preventive Action effectiveness. Persistent challenges-including infrastructural constraints, limited information technology support, and delays in software modifications-reflected structural limitations typical of public health care settings.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>This article provides an integrated account of ISO 20387 implementation and long-term maintenance in a public hospital biobank. The Pisa experience offers a replicable model for institutions operating under similar constraints, demonstrating how technical rigor, coordinated governance, and a shared quality culture can sustain accreditation and advance national biobanking excellence.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":"19475535261428401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Assessment of Existing Biospecimen Use in Population-Based Cancer Research.","authors":"Rachel Hanisch, Lisa Gallicchio, Danielle Daee, Somdat Mahabir, Stefanie Nelson, Danielle M Carrick","doi":"10.1177/19475535261422295","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19475535261422295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Biospecimens are an important part of conducting population-based research as they allow the linkage of biological information to other important clinical, social, and environmental factors, providing a more robust understanding of cancer prevention, treatment, and care options. It can be costly and labor-intensive to collect and process these biospecimens, making the use of preexisting, banked biospecimens an appealing option for researchers.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines the use of existing biospecimens in National Cancer Institute (NCI)-funded population-based cancer control research grants managed by the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences (DCCPS) as of January 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 104 grants managed by DCCPS, NCI that involved the use of existing biospecimens were included in this analysis. Information that was abstracted from the grants included cancer type, biospecimen type, study design (intervention or observational), cancer continuum category (risk/etiology or survivorship), and named biospecimen resource.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most commonly used biospecimens were blood products (64.4%), DNA (59.6%), tissue (53.8%), and RNA (26.9%). Risk-focused studies mainly used blood products, while survivorship studies favored tissue and RNA. There was also a notable difference in biospecimen use between studies of common versus rare cancers, with rare cancer studies using tissue and RNA samples less frequently than studies of common cancers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The variety of biospecimen types being used to examine a breadth of hypotheses related to cancer risk and survivorship emphasizes the value of biospecimen resources across the cancer continuum.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":"19475535261422295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12965398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147319240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryopreservation of Dormant Buds by PVS-Based Vitrification: A Highly Promising Strategy for Large-Scale Cryobanking of Plant Genetic Resources.","authors":"Yanhong H Zhang, Jinxiu X Wang, Chunyu Y He, Qingyi Y Guo","doi":"10.1177/19475535251385419","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19475535251385419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant germplasm is critical for maintaining biodiversity and mitigating genetic erosion. While cryopreservation has emerged as an increasingly vital approach for conserving plant genetic resources, its routine application remains limited due to species- and explant-specific preservation requirements. In many instances, additional experimentation is necessary to develop genotype-specific protocols to achieve satisfactory survival rates. In addition, the technical operation is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Moreover, the survival rate of explants post-cryopreservation from many species remains suboptimal. PVS-based vitrification cryopreservation of dormant buds represents an ideal strategy to address these challenges, leveraging the buds' inherent cold hardiness and robust regrowth capacity. This review focuses on four key determinants of successful PVS-based cryopreservation: the collection time and physiological status of dormant buds, shoot tip dissection, PVS exposure duration, and recovery culture. The insights provided herein may facilitate the rapid development of new protocols or user-friendly procedures for a broader range of plant species, enabling wider adoption by institutions and laboratories, and thereby enhancing global efforts in germplasm conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":"19475535251385419"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Stability of Never-Thawed Serum Biospecimens Stored in Vapor-Phase Liquid Nitrogen: Select Analytes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000 and 2005-2006.","authors":"Jennifer Rammon, Eric A Tolliver, Renee Storandt, Connie Sosnoff, Lanqing Wang, Jan Drobeniuc, Christine M Pfeiffer, Rosemary L Schleicher, Carissa D Powers, Ekaterina M Mineva, Geraldine M McQuillan","doi":"10.1177/19475535251382352","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19475535251382352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The effect of prolonged storage (12-19 years) on selected laboratory test results is examined in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey biospecimen collection to determine whether biospecimens stored long term in vapor-phase liquid nitrogen provide valid results once remeasured.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Biospecimens were selected for remeasurement using systematic random sampling for five analytes: cotinine, methylmalonic acid (MMA), vitamin A, vitamin E, and hepatitis C virus RNA (HCV-RNA). Measurements from the original specimens in 1999-2000 or 2005-2006 are compared with 2018-2019 measurements from the same survey participants and specimens. For quantitative analytes, measurement accuracy is assessed using standard method comparison procedures, precision is evaluated by comparing to quality control standards, and reproducibility is estimated by treating data like an incurred sample reanalysis. Qualitative measures are analyzed using concordance measures and exact binomial tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Observed proportional differences are 3%-12% for cotinine in people who do not smoke, 11% for cotinine in people who smoke, -8% to 1% for vitamin A, 8%-9% for vitamin E, and -6% to 8% for MMA. Precision estimates are within the standards established by quality control data and generally applicable quality goals. Differences between measurements are within 20% of the average value for at least 85% of all samples. For qualitative HCV-RNA and MMA results, we observe 99% concordance between measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multipronged analysis showed that most differences are within acceptable ranges based on standard laboratory criteria for assessing accuracy, precision, and reproducibility. Results suggest future measurements and subsequent statistical analyses of stored serum specimens should be valid.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":"19475535251382352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13055869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145287889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming Biospecimen Management: A Roadmap for Integrated Sample Traceability in the Era of Global Research.","authors":"Sion Israel Sion, Trinh Nguyen-Phan, Mélissa Fortin, Anne-Marie Mes-Masson, Kaiwen Zhang","doi":"10.1177/19475535251366364","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19475535251366364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Advancements in biomedical research depend on the quality and availability of biological samples. Despite their sophisticated storage capabilities, biobanks face significant challenges in sample management, with stored specimens often remaining unused and researchers struggling to access the required samples.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To analyze the challenges in biospecimen access and traceability, evaluate existing solutions, and propose a framework for integrated sample management in global research collaboration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, supplemented by grey literature (2004-2024). The analysis included an examination of Biobank Information Management Systems and an evaluation of sample management systems, tracking technologies, and governance frameworks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed fragmented management systems, with at least 38 different biobanking software solutions offering limited interoperability. Proprietary systems and vendor lock-ins create significant barriers to data sharing. Sample tracking shows the evolution from manual to digital systems; however, cross-institutional tracking remains challenging. Reproducibility issues account for significant challenges in research, whereas inefficient resource utilization persists, with 67% of biobanks citing underutilization as a major concern.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Addressing biobank sample access and traceability requires a shift from an institution-centric to an ecosystem-wide approach. Its success depends on integrating technological solutions such as Blockchain, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence with governance frameworks while ensuring alignment with stakeholder needs. Future developments should focus on implementing integrated traceability systems that support transparent and accountable sample management across the global research ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":"19475535251366364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144823201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Decisions on Primary Sample Aliquot Volumes Based on Experience of Utilization: Recommendations for Today's Biobanks.","authors":"Treena E McDonald, Noah D Frank, Lindsay Hayman, Jason Hicks, Travis J Hrubeniuk, Catherine Labbé, Laurie Lange, Gillian MacNevin, Kelly McDonald, Jennifer Vena, Jing Zhang, Peter H Watson","doi":"10.1177/19475535251392783","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19475535251392783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Canadian Partnership for Tomorrow's Health (CanPath) reflects upon its original decisions around sample aliquoting strategies for its specimen inventory based on what is now commonly released to researchers. We propose an updated aliquoting strategy for new collections that balances upfront resources with volumes sought for downstream analysis. This updated aliquoting strategy will help inform teams establishing new biobanks or managing existing biobanks that are considering new collections.</p>","PeriodicalId":55358,"journal":{"name":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","volume":" ","pages":"19475535251392783"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}