Brain and Cognition最新文献

{"title":"Unlike overt movement, motor imagery cannot update internal models","authors":"Juliet M. Rowe ,&nbsp;Shaun G. Boe","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In overt movement, internal models make predictions about the sensory consequences of a desired movement, generating the appropriate motor commands to achieve that movement. Using available sensory feedback, internal models are updated to allow for movement adaptation and in-turn better performance. Whether internal models are updated during motor imagery, the mental rehearsal of movement, is not well established. To investigate internal modelling during motor imagery, 66 participants were exposed to a leftwards prism shift while performing actual pointing movements (physical practice; PP), imagined pointing movements (motor imagery; MI), or no pointing movements (control). If motor imagery updates internal models, we hypothesized that aftereffects (pointing in the direction opposite the prism shift) would be observed in MI, like that of PP, and unlike that of control. After prism exposure, the magnitude of aftereffects was significant in PP (4.73° ± 1.56°), but not in MI (0.34° ± 0.96°) and control (0.34° ± 1.04°). Accordingly, PP differed significantly from MI and control. Our results show that motor imagery does not update internal models, suggesting that it is not a direct simulation of overt movement. Furthering our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie learning through motor imagery will lead to more effective applications of motor imagery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278262624000964/pdfft?md5=78aad9736a885f95e6cf185572be1f4a&pid=1-s2.0-S0278262624000964-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between structural properties of frontal cortical regions and response inhibition in 6–14-year-old children","authors":"Jan Kujala ,&nbsp;Sannamari Matveinen ,&nbsp;Sam van Bijnen ,&nbsp;Tiina Parviainen","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Development of attentional skills and inhibitory control rely on maturational changes in the brain across childhood and youth. However, both brain anatomy and different components of attention and inhibition show notable individual variation. Research on ADHD and inhibitory training and control have shown that variations in the thickness and surface area of particularly inferior cortical structures are associated with attentional control. However, the intricacies of how the development of inhibitory control is associated with the anatomical variations beyond the general age- and gender-dependent differences have not been resolved. Here, we sought to address these questions by quantifying the cortical thickness and surface area in frontal cortical regions and inhibitory control using the stop signal task performance in 6–14-year-old children. Our results showed that the thickness of the left medial orbitofrontal cortex and the surface area of the left caudal anterior cingulate were associated with the inhibitory performance, beyond the variance that could be explained by the subjects’ age and gender. The results highlight the importance of factoring in anatomical variations when following attentional development and the importance of evaluating multiple anatomical measures when aiming to link the properties of cortical structures with variations in cognitive performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278262624000976/pdfft?md5=3b2d4f48734425970b54299f4de2bf8f&pid=1-s2.0-S0278262624000976-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppressing contextually irrelevant meanings of homophonic versus heterophonic homographs: A tDCS study targeting LIFG","authors":"Haim Raviv ,&nbsp;Nira Mashal ,&nbsp;Orna Peleg","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Readers frequently encounter homographs (e.g., bank) whose resolution requires selection-suppression processes: selecting the contextually relevant meaning, while suppressing the irrelevant one. In two experiments, we investigated how these processes are modulated by the phonological status of the homograph (homographs with one vs. two possible pronunciations); and what is the involvement of the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG, including Broca’s area) in these processes. To these ends, Experiment 1 utilized the context verification task with two types of Hebrew homographs: homophonic (e.g., bank) and heterophonic (e.g., tear). In the task, participants read sentences ending either with a homograph (e.g., bank) or an unambiguous word (e.g., shore). The sentences were biased towards the homograph’s subordinate meaning (e.g., The fisherman sat on the bank/shore), and were followed by a target word related to the homograph’s dominant meaning (e.g., MONEY). The participants were asked to judge whether the target was related to the overall meaning of the sentence. An ambiguity effect was observed for both types of homographs, reflecting interference from the irrelevant dominant meaning. However, this ambiguity effect was larger for heterophonic than for homophonic homographs, indicating that dominant meanings of heterophonic homographs are more difficult to suppress. Experiment 2 was identical, except that the procedure was coupled with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the LIFG (including Broca’s area). We found that stimulating the LIFG abolished the ambiguity effect, but only in the case of heterophonic homographs. Together, these findings highlight the distinction between phonological and semantic levels of selection-suppression processes, and the involvement of the LIFG in the phonological level of these processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142136778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-lasting pure topographical disorientation due to heading disorientation following left retrosplenial infarction: A report of two cases","authors":"Nobuko Kawakami ,&nbsp;Yuri Okada ,&nbsp;Keisuke Morihara ,&nbsp;Kazuto Katsuse ,&nbsp;Kazuo Kakinuma ,&nbsp;Shiho Matsubara ,&nbsp;Shigenori Kanno ,&nbsp;Kyoko Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Topographical disorientation is linked to lesions in the right hemisphere and typically resolves within a few months post-stroke. Persistent topographical disorientation is uncommon and frequently accompanied by impairments in visual memory, complicating the analysis of the underlying mechanisms. Herein, we report two cases of sustained pure topographical disorientation following cerebral hemorrhages in the left retrosplenial region. The patients exhibited disorientation in both familiar and unfamiliar settings, attributable to heading disorientation, a deficit in determining the directional relationship between one’s current position and a target location or external frames. The patients struggled with reconstructing large-scale spatial frameworks and integrating new egocentric and allocentric perspectives upon changes in body orientation. There were no landmark agnosia, egocentric disorientation, or anterograde disorientation. Although mild verbal memory deficits were observed, no other cognitive impairments, including visual memory deficits, were detected. Our findings imply that lesions confined to the left retrosplenial region can induce enduring heading disorientation and suggest a significant role for this area in processing and integrating spatial information necessary for large-scale navigation. Clarifying the features of topographical disorientation will significantly impact the therapeutic approaches, enhancing the quality of life for affected patients by restoring their independence and mobility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278262624000885/pdfft?md5=d5acd698ad0980f8f19e39173814133a&pid=1-s2.0-S0278262624000885-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organization of conceptual tool knowledge following left and right brain lesions: Evidence from neuropsychological dissociations and multivariate disconnectome symptom mapping","authors":"Mathieu Lesourd ,&nbsp;Julie Martin ,&nbsp;Sébastien Hague ,&nbsp;Margolise Laroze ,&nbsp;Gautier Clément ,&nbsp;Alexandre Comte ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Medeiros de Bustos ,&nbsp;Guillaume Fargeix ,&nbsp;Eloi Magnin ,&nbsp;Thierry Moulin","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this work was to better understand the organization of conceptual tool knowledge following stroke. We explored specifically the link between manipulation kinematics and manipulation hand posture; and the link between manipulation kinematics and function relations in left brain-damaged (<em>n</em> = 30) and right brain-damaged (<em>n</em> = 30) patients. We examined the performance of brain-damaged patients in conceptual tool tasks using neuropsychological dissociations and disconnectome symptom mapping. Our results suggest that manipulation kinematics is more impaired than function relations, following left or right brain lesions. We also observed that manipulation kinematics and manipulation hand posture are dissociable dimensions but are still highly interrelated, particularly in left brain-damaged patients. We also found that the corpus callosum and bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus are involved in action and semantic tool knowledge following left brain lesions. Our results provide evidence that the right hemisphere contains conceptual tool representations. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms supporting the cognitive recovery of conceptual tool knowledge. An emerging hypothesis is that the right hemisphere may support functional recovery through interhemispheric transfer following a left hemisphere stroke.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 106210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modular morals: Mapping the organization of the moral brain","authors":"James Wilkinson ,&nbsp;Oliver Scott Curry ,&nbsp;Brittany L. Mitchell ,&nbsp;Timothy Bates","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Is morality the product of multiple domain-specific psychological mechanisms, or one domain-general mechanism? Previous research suggests that morality consists of a range of solutions to the problems of cooperation recurrent in human social life. This theory of ‘morality as cooperation’ suggests that there are (at least) seven specific moral domains: family values, group loyalty, reciprocity, heroism, deference, fairness and property rights. However, it is unclear how these types of morality are implemented at the neuroanatomical level. The possibilities are that morality is (1) the product of multiple distinct domain-specific adaptations for cooperation, (2) the product of a single domain-general adaptation which learns a range of moral rules, or (3) the product of some combination of domain-specific and domain-general adaptations. To distinguish between these possibilities, we first conducted an anatomical likelihood estimation meta-analysis of previous studies investigating the relationship between these seven moral domains and neuroanatomy. This meta-analysis provided evidence for a combination of specific and general adaptations. Next, we investigated the relationship between the seven types of morality – as measured by the Morality as Cooperation Questionnaire (Relevance) – and grey matter volume in a large neuroimaging (n = 607) sample. No associations between moral values and grey matter volume survived whole-brain exploratory testing. We conclude that whatever combination of mechanisms are responsible for morality, either they are not neuroanatomically localised, or else their localisation is not manifested in grey matter volume. Future research should employ phylogenetically informed <em>a priori</em> predictions, as well as alternative measures of morality and of brain function.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278262624000782/pdfft?md5=1be87c47c89d8b9f49e83556b934cfa2&pid=1-s2.0-S0278262624000782-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142020945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk avoidance and social anxiety in adolescence: Examination of event-related potentials and theta-dynamics on the Balloon Risk Avoidance Task","authors":"Elizabeth V. Edgar ,&nbsp;Abby Waugh ,&nbsp;Jia Wu ,&nbsp;Peter Castagna ,&nbsp;Marc N. Potenza ,&nbsp;Linda C. Mayes ,&nbsp;Michael J. Crowley","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adolescents are at relatively high-risk for developing anxiety, particularly social anxiety. A primary hallmark of social anxiety is the impulse to avoid situations that introduce risk. Here, we examined the neural and behavioral correlates of risk avoidance in adolescents (<em>N</em>=59) 11 to 19 years of age. The Balloon Risk Avoidance Task was used with concurrent electroencephalography to measure event-related potentials (frontal P2; late slow-wave; N2, feedback-related negativity, FRN; posterior P3) and oscillatory dynamics (midfrontal theta, 4–7 Hz) in response to unsuccessful and successful risk avoidance conditions. Social anxiety was measured using the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children. Results indicated that, across the whole sample, youth exhibited smaller P3, larger FRN, and larger theta responses to unsuccessful risk avoidance. Youth reporting high (compared to low) levels of social anxiety exhibited larger P2, slow-wave, and FRN responses to unsuccessful, compared to successful, risk avoidance. Further, greater social anxiety was associated with reduced theta responses to successful avoidance. Youth with higher levels of social anxiety showed smaller theta responses to both conditions compared to those with low levels of social anxiety. Taken together, the ERP-component differences and weakened theta power in socially anxious youth following unsuccessful avoidance are informative neural correlates for socially anxious youth during risk avoidance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141964324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mechanistic understanding of cognitive performance deficits concurrent with vigorous intensity exercise","authors":"Myungjin Jung ,&nbsp;Matthew B. Pontifex ,&nbsp;Charles H. Hillman ,&nbsp;Minsoo Kang ,&nbsp;Michelle W. Voss ,&nbsp;Kirk I. Erickson ,&nbsp;Paul D. Loprinzi","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to evaluate whether cerebral oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex and associative-dissociative focus while completing the task mediate changes in cognition during exercise. Seventy-five young college-aged adults participated in this within-subjects randomized cross-over two-arm experimental design. During each session, participants completed a Stroop task four separate times: at baseline, two times during the exercise session, and at post-test. The experimental arm session involved participants cycling first at a moderate intensity, followed by cycling at a vigorous intensity. The active control arm session involved participants cycling at a very light intensity to ensure any effects were attributable to the level of exertion rather than the control of motor coordination. Cerebral oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex was assessed using fNIRS, while associate-dissociate attention was assessed using a self-report scale to provide insight into two hypothesized mechanisms which may contribute to alterations in cognition during exercise. Replicating well-established findings, results showed that during vigorous-intensity exercise, accuracy rates decreased for the most cognitively demanding conditions of the Stroop task, while reaction times were generally shorter compared to baseline. Neither shifting of attention in response to the dual-task nor prefrontal cortex oxygenation were observed to mediate cognitive deficits associated with vigorous exercise.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The characteristics of WM in individuals with depressive tendencies: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study","authors":"Meixiang Yang,&nbsp;Qinling Xie,&nbsp;Wenjing Xiong,&nbsp;Fei Xu,&nbsp;Meina Zhang,&nbsp;Men Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individuals with depressive tendencies are considered to be at high risk for the onset of depressive disorders. Currently, most research focuses on the impairment of working memory in patients with depression, while there is less attention paid to the WM of individuals with depressive tendencies, and their neural mechanisms underlying it are poorly understood. Therefore, this study focuses on the characteristics and neural mechanisms of WM in individuals with depressive tendencies. This study uses functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to monitor the concentration of Oxy-Hb in the prefrontal cortex and employs the n-back paradigm, designing three levels of load: 0, 1, and 2, to examine the characteristics of WM and its neural mechanisms in individuals with depressive tendencies. Behavioral results show that the accuracy rates of individuals with depressive tendencies is significantly lower than that of healthy individuals, and under the 0-back condition, the reaction time of individuals with depressive tendencies is significantly higher than that of healthy control individuals. Near-infrared results indicate that the activation level in the frontal pole and the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex of individuals with depressive tendencies is significantly lower than that of healthy control individuals. The β values of channels 2, 7, and 9 are significantly negatively correlated with the Beck Depression Inventory scores of the participants. The results suggest that the reduced activation of the frontal pole and dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex in individuals with depressive tendencies leads to poorer WM performance compared to healthy control individuals. This is a rare brain evidence of the characteristics of WM in individuals with depressive tendencies, which can provide a deeper understanding of the WM characteristics of individuals with depressive tendencies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278262624000836/pdfft?md5=e5d9a24259787aec0c68743676e51a0d&pid=1-s2.0-S0278262624000836-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A friend in need is a friend indeed: Acute tandem rope skipping enhances inter-brain synchrony of socially avoidant individuals","authors":"Xinmei Deng ,&nbsp;Yangdi Chen ,&nbsp;Kexin Chen ,&nbsp;Sebastian Ludyga ,&nbsp;Zhihao Zhang ,&nbsp;Boris Cheval ,&nbsp;Weijia Zhu ,&nbsp;Jianyu Chen ,&nbsp;Toru Ishihara ,&nbsp;Meijun Hou ,&nbsp;Yangping Gao ,&nbsp;Keita Kamijo ,&nbsp;Qian Yu ,&nbsp;Charles H. Hillman ,&nbsp;Arthur F. Kramer ,&nbsp;Kirk I. Erickson ,&nbsp;Anthony G. Delli Paoli ,&nbsp;Terry McMorris ,&nbsp;Markus Gerber ,&nbsp;Jin Kuang ,&nbsp;Liye Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Team-based physical activity (PA) can improve social cognition; however, few studies have investigated the neurobiological mechanism underlying this benefit. Accordingly, a hyper-scanning protocol aimed to determine whether the interbrain synchrony (IBS) is influenced by an acute bout of team-based PA (i.e., tandem rope skipping). Specifically, we had socially avoidant participants (SOA, <em>N</em>=15 dyads) and their age-matched controls (CO, <em>N</em>=16 dyads) performed a computer-based cooperative task while EEG was recorded before and after two different experimental conditions (i.e., 30-min of team-based PA versus sitting). Phase locking value (PLV) was used to measure IBS. Results showed improved frontal gamma band IBS after the team-based PA compared to sitting when participants received successful feedback in the task (<em>M</em>_skipping = 0.016, <em>M</em>_sittting = -0.009, <em>p</em> = 0.082, η_p² = 0.387). The CO group showed a larger change in frontal and central gamma band IBS when provided failure feedback in the task (<em>M</em>_skipping = 0.017, M_sittting = -0.009, <em>p</em> = 0.075, η_p² = 0.313). Thus, results suggest that socially avoidant individuals may benefit from team-based PA via improved interbrain synchrony. Moreover, our findings deepen our understanding of the neurobiological mechanism by which team-based PA may improve social cognition among individuals with or without social avoidance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55331,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Cognition","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}