Cognitive reserve in young-onset cognitive impairment

IF 2.2 3区心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES

Brain and Cognition Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI:10.1016/j.bandc.2025.106297

Chiara Carbone , Riccardo Maramotti , Erica Balboni , Daniela Beltrami , Daniela Ballotta , Roberta Bedin , Chiara Gallingani , Manuela Tondelli , Simone Salemme , Federico Gasparini , Giulia Vinceti , Alessandro Marti , Annalisa Chiari , Luca Nocetti , Giuseppe Pagnoni , Giovanna Zamboni

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Cognitive reserve (CR) reflects brain’s resilience to pathology, enabling to maintain function despite structural damage. This study investigates its role in young-onset cognitive impairment (<65 years) beyond brain integrity and neurodegeneration. Participants underwent neuropsychological assessment – including the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq) –, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and blood neurofilaments light-chain (NfLs) measurement. Scores of global cognition and domain-specific cognition were derived from Principal Component Analyses of neuropsychological results. Linear regression models estimated CR’s contribution to global and domain-specific cognition, alongside age, sex, MRI measures, and NfLs as predictors. Among the 115 participants, global cognition was significantly explained by CR [effect size (ES) = 0.229], grey matter volume (ES = 0.348), and NfLs (ES = −0.302). The effect of CR was prominent on language and attentional-executive functions: while the CRIq subscore related to education predicted performance in both these domains, the subscore related to leisure activities was positively associated with the language domain only. These findings highlight CR’s protective role in young-onset cognitive impairment, particularly for non-amnestic cognitive domains. Since a high CR can mask or compensate for neurological cognitive disorders delaying its diagnosis, our results suggest that measures of CR, including time spent on leisure activities, should be considered when interpreting neuropsychological tests.

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来源期刊

Brain and Cognition 医学-神经科学

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： Brain and Cognition is a forum for the integration of the neurosciences and cognitive sciences. B&C publishes peer-reviewed research articles, theoretical papers, case histories that address important theoretical issues, and historical articles into the interaction between cognitive function and brain processes. The focus is on rigorous studies of an empirical or theoretical nature and which make an original contribution to our knowledge about the involvement of the nervous system in cognition. Coverage includes, but is not limited to memory, learning, emotion, perception, movement, music or praxis in relationship to brain structure or function. Published articles will typically address issues relating some aspect of cognitive function to its neurological substrates with clear theoretical import, formulating new hypotheses or refuting previously established hypotheses. Clinical papers are welcome if they raise issues of theoretical importance or concern and shed light on the interaction between brain function and cognitive function. We welcome review articles that clearly contribute a new perspective or integration, beyond summarizing the literature in the field; authors of review articles should make explicit where the contribution lies. We also welcome proposals for special issues on aspects of the relation between cognition and the structure and function of the nervous system. Such proposals can be made directly to the Editor-in-Chief from individuals interested in being guest editors for such collections.