Brazilian Journal of Biology最新文献

{"title":"Extraction efficiency of Graptophyllum pictum: influence of methods and durations on bioactive compound recovery and antioxidant capacity.","authors":"F A Makkiyah, D L Pradana, G Yodi, W Nurcholis","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.292604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.292604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Graptophyllum pictum, commonly known as daun wungu, is a medicinal plant rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. This study evaluated the effects of three extraction methods-continuous shaking extraction (CSE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE)-along with three different extraction durations for each method, on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacity. TPC and TFC were quantified using spectrophotometric assays, while antioxidant activity was assessed through DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC methods. Results revealed that MAE at a duration of three minutes achieved the highest TPC (3.202 ± 0.128 mg GAE/g DW) and TFC (3.604 ± 0.085 mg QE/g DW), accompanied by the most potent antioxidant activities across all assays. In contrast, CSE and UAE demonstrated moderate efficiency, with longer extraction times generally enhancing yield but reducing consistency. A strong positive correlation was found between TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities, highlighting the contribution of phenolics and flavonoids to antioxidant performance. These results highlight MAE's potential as the most efficient extraction method forG. pictum, supporting its potential application in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical development.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e292604"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphate solubilization capacity by bacteria in soybean crops.","authors":"R T Vey, R J S Jacques, P S Pavinato, F J López-Baena, J F Spanevello, E S Bronzatto, F S Fulaneti, R E Santos, L N Brum, T N Martin","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.289630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.289630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The availability of phosphorus (P) to plants is reduced by its binding to solid mineral and soil organic particles. However, phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms can increase nutrient availability by secreting extracellular enzymes such as fosfatases. The objective was to evaluate the phosphate solubilization capacity of bacteria coinoculated in soybean crops. Soybean plants were grown in nutrient solution in a combination of treatments of bacteria inoculated into the seeds [Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Brady); Brady + Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf); Brady + Bacillus megaterium (Bm) + Bacillus subtilis (Bs); and Brady + Bs] with doses of P. In the laboratory, another experiment was conducted to evaluate the phosphate solubilization capacity in the NBRIP solid culture medium by the bacteria Bs, Bs+Bm, Pf and the isolate of Pseudomonas spp. The root dry mass increased by 201.26% with Brady+Bs coinoculation. Considering the phosphorus content in the aerial part of plant content for a dose of 40 kg ha-1 of NH4H2PO4, with B. japonicum + P. fluorescens resulted in an increase of 26.7% in relation to the control. The use of B. japonicum + B. megaterium/B. subtilis increased the phosphorus concentration in the shoot plant by 22.5%. In the laboratory solubilization test, the bacteria B. subtilis showed a medium phosphate solubilization index, making this bacterium an alternative for better use of this nutrient in the soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e289630"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description of new species of genus Acanthaegilips Ashmead, 1897 (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Anacharitinae) from Brazil.","authors":"E Chappuis, L B Monteiro, A M Penteado-Dias, N Mata-Casanova, J Pujade-Villar","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.290552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.290552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new Acanthaegilips species is described from Brazil, Acanthaegilips atlanticus sp. n. The morphological similarities and differences with Acanthaegilips truncatus are also presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e290552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morpho-physiological, anatomical and molecular responses of Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) to drought stress.","authors":"T Nurhidayati, F F Nasich, T B Saputro, K I Purwani, N D Kuswytasari, W Muslihatin, A Solihah, A Nafian","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.291591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.291591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porang is a tuberous plant commodity that has the potential as an alternative food due to its high glucomannan content, so the demand for porang is always increasing. The main problem in efforts to fulfill and increase the demand for porang is climate change which can cause drought in various regions in Indonesia. Drought stress is one of the most damaging types of abiotic stress because it can reduce plant growth, so it becomes a limiting factor in plants. Plants are able to survive and grow in abiotic stress conditions such as drought through morpho-physiological and molecular adaptation. Therefore, this study investigates the drought resilience mechanisms of porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) by integrating morpho-physiological, anatomical, and molecular analyses, with a focus on glucomannan biosynthesis genes (SuSy2, CSLA3) under progressive drought stress (75% to 0% field capacity). We demonstrate that porang prioritizes glucomannan accumulation (130.3% increase at 50% FC) via CSLA3 upregulation (3.11-fold), revealing a novel drought adaptation strategy distinct from other tuber crops. This study was conducted for 21 days with the treatment stress level based on field capacity of 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0%. Data were analyzed using ANOVA One-Way and followed by Tukey Test. The result showed that drought stress negatively induced various morphological responses such as the reduction in root lenght, weight and diameter of tuber, and leaf area. However, plant height did not show a significant difference compared to the control. However, drought stress significantly increased the percentage of stomata closure and stomata density. The physiological response shows a decreased chlorophyll content, while the net assimilation rate showed no significant difference compared to the control. Interestingly, glucomannan content at 50% field capacity and transpiration rate were increased under drought treatment. Molecular responses were characterized by the expression of glucomannan biosynthesis gene, SuSy2 and CSLA3. Relative expression of SuSy2 was increased up to 1.3-fold at 75% field capacity and decreased at 25%-0% field capacity. While CSLA3 was increased up to 3.11-fold at 50% field capacity. As an implication of the results of this study, it can be seen that drought stress of 50% FC increases the highest glucomannan production so that porang can be used as an alternative food source.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e291591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulent Beauveria bassiana OR500626 strain effectively control Tetranychus urticae.","authors":"J K Al-Zahrani, M A Osman, L A Aldakheel, A K Aldosary, S Akhtar, H Chakroun, M M Al Mustafa, M A Almuhawish, A H Al-Abdalall","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.293706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.293706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana OR500626 plays a pivotal role as a biological control agent for various agricultural pests, including the two-spotted red spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. In the current study, we tested the ability of a promising strain of the fungus isolated from the tissues of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in the eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. B. bassiana virulence was estimated based on LC50 values calculated by Probit analysis of T. urticae, which were treated with a series of concentrations (1 × 102, 1 × 104, 1 × 106, and 1 × 108 conidia/ml). The mortality percentages of immature stages were 15.98-100%, males 15.94%-100%, and females (28.92%-100%) with an estimated LC50 value of 24.09×103, 35.43×103, and 11.03×103 conidia/ml, respectively. Furthermore, electron microscopy confirmed the ability of B. bassiana to infect T. urticae. The results indicated that B. bassiana spores attached to the T. urticae spider body within about 12 hours. The germination of spores increased within 24-36 and penetrated the T. urticae cuticle after 96 hours of exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e293706"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blue-and-yellow Macaw (Ara ararauna; Linnaeus, 1758) and its novel and major food, Terminalia catappa L. seeds, in an urban area in Central Brazil.","authors":"J Ragusa-Netto","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.288000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.288000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blue-and-yellow Macaws in Três Lagoas City (State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil) have utilized Terminalia catappa seeds increasingly, after rarely eating this resource fifteen years ago. Consequently, to improve our understanding of the importance of this novel food in urban areas (center and peri-urban), I once again documented the feeding habits and diet breadth of Blue-and-yellow Macaws in Três Lagoas City and analyzed their responses to resource availability. Blue-and-yellow Macaws foraged on 16 plant species (10 native and 6 exotic), with T. catappa dominating their diet (43.6%), particularly in sites in the city center (up to 81%). Overall, exotic items comprise 50.9% of the Blue-and-Yellow Macaw's current diet, compared to only 5.4% fifteen years before (from April 2007 to March 2008). Due to the extensive consumption of T. catappa seeds, macaws generally exhibited low diet breadth, especially in the city center. In contrast, in the peri-urban areas, the diet was varied, exhibiting intermediate values of diet breadth. Paralleling the increased presence of exotic species in the Blue-and-yellow Macaw's diet, the native food resources, especially Cerrado fruits, have been reduced by the expansion of urban areas and eucalyptus plantations. As a result, in just a few years, T. catappa has become the primary food for the Blue-and-yellow Macaw, displaying extreme dietary flexibility to survive in a rapidly changing urban environment. To mitigate such impacts, it is suggested that native species, which once dominated the macaw diet, be used for afforestation throughout the city to encourage a more similar species-rich diet that this macaw eats in the Cerrado. The extensive use of the urban area by Blue-and-yellow Macaws underscores the need for management practices to improve their population growth, as they, unfortunately, are declining along with the Cerrado.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e288000"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotechnological strategies for improving corn silage: evaluating AMs-Based biol as a fermentation enhancer.","authors":"M V F Blacio, V V A Medina, S E V Baldeon, A F S Cedeño, M F B Tapia, M V R Salgado, F J O Mancero, E R O Carrillo, P A T Vargas, S A G Rivera","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.295397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.295397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corn silage is a fundamental component in ruminant nutrition, but its preservation depends on optimizing fermentation to maintain nutritional quality and aerobic stability. This study evaluated the effects of Effective Microorganisms Activated Solution (AMS)-based biol as a natural fermentation enhancer in silage under tropical conditions. Treatments included AMS-based biol at different doses (1, 1.5, and 2 L per ton-1) and untreated control (UN). Silage pH, chemical composition, aerobic stability, and dry matter recovery were analysed. Results showed that AMS-based biol enhanced fermentation efficiency, reducing pH values compared to the control (3.98 vs. 3.78, P < 0.001). Aerobic stability improved significantly, particularly at 1.5 L/t, where temperature increases after exposure to air were minimized (0.01 vs. 1.68°C in UN, P < 0.001). Dry matter recovery was higher in treated silages (4.6-4.8 vs. 4.5 kg in UN, P = 0.005). Crude protein content showed a slight decline at higher AMS doses (6.3-5.8% vs. 7.0% in UN, P = 0.002), while fibre composition varied significantly among treatments. These findings indicate that AMS-based biol is a viable alternative to synthetic additives, improving silage quality and preservation. Future research should focus on optimizing application rates and assessing long-term effects on animal performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e295397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of Cannabis sativa against tick-induced injuries (Rhipicephalus linnaei): biochemical and histopathological evaluation in rabbits.","authors":"O Silva, D Sapatini, M L Rodrigues, B F Evangelista, B S Vicente, A S Marques, M L J Leitão, B C Lancia, M I Camargo-Mathias","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.294052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.294052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhipicephalus linnaei, commonly known as the brown dog tick, are preferential hosts for dogs, to whom they also transmit various pathogens. The control of these ectoparasites is generally achieved through the use of synthetic chemical products, which can lead to the development of resistance. Bioactive compounds extracted from plants are being studied as an alternative strategy for tick control, including Cannabis sativa, which provides an extract from its flowers known for its diverse therapeutic properties, applicable to both humans and animals. Therefore, in the work that originated this project investigated the effects of C. sativa flower extract in oil dilutions of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/mL, applied to skin lesions of rabbit hosts of R. linnaei ticks, to evaluate their healing. In addition, this procedure made it necessary to evaluate, what was done in the present work, the hepatic tissue of these animals, as the extract, while functioning as a tickicide and promoting healing of skin lesions, should also be harmless to the hosts to be considered viable for ectoparasite control. For this purpose, histological and histochemical techniques were applied to the livers of the rabbits (to identify morphological alterations), which were divided into: control group (CG), exposed to 1 mL of oil, showing no hepatic alterations; treated group 1 (TG1), exposed to 0.2 mg/mL, showing cytoplasmic vacuolization in hepatocytes; treated group 2 (TG2), exposed to 0.4 mg/mL, displaying intense morphological alterations, including disorganization of hepatocyte cords, hepatocyte hypertrophy, altered nuclei, and signs of cell death; treated group 3 (TG3), exposed to 0.8 mg/mL, also showing tissue disorganization and cellular vacuolization, but to a lesser extent than TG2. In addition to morphological evaluation, the biochemical activity of hepatic enzymes AST and ALT was assessed. An increase in ALT was observed in TG2, while no other groups showed changes in these parameters. Overall, this study concluded that although the C. sativa flower extract at various dilutions has potential as a tickicide and for healing skin lesions (personal communication), it causes hepatic tissue damage in rabbits to varying degrees, with the 0.4 mg/mL dilution showing the highest hepatotoxic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e294052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eacles manuelita (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Ceratocampinae): first report as Eucalyptus urophylla pest.","authors":"R F Pavani, M F Ribeiro, D A Nascimento, F A Santos, S Dallacort, C G C Mielke, J C Zanuncio, M V Masson, G T Ribeiro, C F Wilcken","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.291289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.291289","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e291289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zootechnical and growth performance of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) under different productive models of intensification.","authors":"C A S Lima, A S Lavareda, C T S Farias, L M Barbosa, T C S Oliveira, J Pantoja-Lima, K C Yamamoto","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.293898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.293898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the zootechnical performance of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) for fattening (> 2 kg) under three management strategies on nine fish farms, which were equally distributed as follows: Low Productive Efficiency (LPE) - 6-8 tons year-1 without aeration; Medium Productive Efficiency (MPE) - 9-14 tons year-1 with emergency aeration and High Productive Efficiency (HPE) - 15-22 tons year-1 with supplemental aeration. Tank management data were collected and water quality parameters were monitored. Performance indices were evaluated through monthly biometrics until the end of the cycle; growth curves (von Bertalanffy) and instantaneous growth rate (IGR) were also calculated for comparison. Analysis of variance was applied to test the effect of the productive efficiency of the models on zootechnical performance. There was a difference (p<0,05) between the production strategies in relation to storage, density and productivity. Water quality indicators of oxygen (4.49-4.99 mg L-1), pH (6.51-6.77), temperature (31.12-33.81 °C), conductivity (43.37-55.63 µS cm-1), transparency (23.04-26.92 cm), nitrite (0.06-0.08 mg L-1) and nitrate (0.36-0.42 mg L-1) were within the cultivation standards. Phosphorus (0.37-0.48 mg L-1) and TSS (65.85-91.12 mg L-1) parameters suggest higher nutrient loads promoted by high densities. Differences between systems (p<0,05) demonstrate better overall results for HPE in final weight (2,726.53 ± 136.99 g), weight gain (2,719.98 ± 133.84 g) and apparent feed conversion (1.82 ± 0.02). The growth curves and IGR revealed differences in performances, indicating that production strategies alter the way fish grow. Systems with higher productivity demonstrate, based on their better results, greater care in the management.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e293898"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}