Brazilian Journal of Biology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of colostrum immunoglobulin concentration on early growth performance in dairy heifers.","authors":"D Smagulov, S Abugaliev, Y Nassambayev, K Bozymov, B Imankulov, A Davletova","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.301661","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.301661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study was conducted on the farms \"Aiteke Bi-SK\" and \"Kedr\", which maintain some of the best dairy cattle herds in Kazakhstan. According to the results, the qualitative parameters of colostrum from cows in the experimental group were superior to those of the control group, particularly in fat content. For example, in \"Aiteke Bi-SK\", the difference in fat content reached 1.38% (P<0.001), and in \"Kedr\" - 1.34% (P<0.001). Feeding newborn calves with colostrum rich in immunoglobulins led to an increase in body weight by 2.1 kg (P<0.001) on day 10 of life in the first farm compared to the control group and by 2.0 kg (P<0.001) in the second farm. The magnitude of treatment effect was large (Cohen's d≥2.0), indicating strong biological relevance of colostrum immunoglobulin concentration on early growth. It was found that the absolute, average daily, and relative growth rate between the experimental and control heifers differed by 1.8-1.9 kg (P<0.01), 180-190 g/day (P<0.05) and 4.8-5.0% (P<0.001), respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e301661"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The initial vigor of seeds under cold stress influences the performance of rice seedling.","authors":"J Garcia, C M M Coelho, A J Dorn","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.301963","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.301963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rice is a summer crop of great importance in Brazil and is subject to abiotic cold stress at sowing. With the use of high vigor seeds, it is possible for seedlings to have a capacity to recover from this type of stress, tolerating the stress and ensuring initial establishment, uniformity and consequently greater productivity. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the recovery capacity of rice seedlings from seeds with contrasting vigor, after periods of cold stress. The study was carried out at the Seed Analysis Laboratory of the State University of Santa Catarina. The batches used were from the cultivar SCS122 Miura, from the 2018/2019 harvest and physiological characterization was carried out. Then, two batches were selected (low and high vigor) that were subjected to two, three, four and five days of cold at 10 °C followed by periods of post-stress recovery (exit and five days) at 25 °C. Control was maintained in the germinator at a constant 25 °C. After each period, normal and abnormal seedlings and dead seeds, shoot and root length and seedling dry mass were evaluated. A completely randomized design was used with four replications under a three-factorial scheme. It was observed that when subjected to two days of stress, the batch with greater vigor showed recovery capacity. The lower vigor batch had its performance drastically reduced after stress. It is concluded that the performance of rice seedlings under cold stress is favored by the initial vigor of the seed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e301963"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insects, tending ants, and spiders on Terminalia argentea (Combretaceae) saplings as bioindicators for the recovery of degraded area.","authors":"M V S Mota, G L Demolin-Leite","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.302611","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.302611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthropogenic activities have intensified soil degradation and disrupted essential ecological processes, underscoring the need for effective ecological restoration strategies. Terminalia argentea, a pioneer species of the Cerrado, has demonstrated potential for recovering degraded areas and facilitating arthropod recolonization. Arthropods are sensitive to environmental changes and are thus recognized as bioindicators. This study aimed to assess the recovery of a degraded area by evaluating insect and spider ecological indices, their interactions, and the plant biomass of T. argentea saplings over a two-year field establishment period. Saplings with greater biomass (e.g., more leaves/branch) supported a higher abundance and richness of tending ants. During the first year after planting, the leaves of T. argentea saplings exhibited higher numbers of chewing insects (e.g., Cerotoma sp.) and their ecological indices (e.g., diversity), spiders (e.g., Oxyopidae) and their species richness, bees (e.g., Trigona spinipes) and their abundance, and tending ants (e.g., Brachymyrmex sp.) and their diversity and richness of species. In contrast, saplings in the second year after planting hosted higher numbers of sap-sucking insects (e.g., Aphis spiraecola), their tending ant Camponotus sp., and their Dolichopodidae predators. Saplings with more sap-sucking insects (e.g., Phenacoccus sp.) also had more tending ants (e.g., Camponotus sp.). However, an increase in tending ants (e.g., Ectatomma sp.) was associated with a reduction in predators (e.g., Photinus sp.) and chewing insects (e.g., Lamprosoma sp.). The presence of spiders (e.g., Araneidae) was correlated with higher numbers of chewing insects (e.g., Cephalocoema sp.), while Mantis religiosa and Polybia sp. were more common on saplings with higher defoliation percentages, and Syrphus sp. was associated with Bemisia sp.. These results indicate that trophic interactions, mediated by both bottom-up and top-down mechanisms, structure the arthropod community on T. argentea, promoting the coexistence of functional groups and enhancing ecological indices. Future studies involving predator exclusion and leaf chemical analyses will be essential to deepen this understanding.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e302611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of the livestock microbiome: sheep, horses, cattle, camels, and chickens.","authors":"A Ibadullayeva, A Khamzina, D Smagulov, K Khamzin","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.299936","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.299936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The animal microbiome plays a crucial role in determining the health, productivity, and welfare of livestock species, including sheep, horses, cattle, camel, and chicken. These animal species were selected due to the high consumption of their products in Kazakhstan. Enhancing their productivity, while maintaining the safety and quality of meat and milk derived from them, represents a pressing research priority. This review article includes current research on the composition, diversity, and purposes of the microbiota found within different organ systems of these species. This study focuses on recent advancements in sequencing technology, including metagenomics, 16S rRNA sequencing, and multiomic methods, to combine data on microbial diversity, composition, and functionality within the gastrointestinal tract and other organs. The key findings show differences in microbial communities associated with breed, age, and diet, the impact of microbiota on methane emissions and feed efficiency in ruminants, and the possibility of using microbiome management techniques (e.g., probiotics, prebiotics, and feed additives) to enhance livestock production. The microbiome influences various species, extending its effects beyond digestion and immunity to reproductive health and behavior. Despite advancements, translating microbiome data into actionable interventions is interfered by variability resulting from genetic, environmental, and management factors. Integrating microbiome research more closely with animal genetics and livestock production methods could lead to innovative approaches for improving the health, efficiency, and welfare of farm animals, ultimately supporting sustainable livestock farming practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e299936"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping of quality parameters of pre-processed corn, soybean and sorghum grains in the region with the biggest grain production in northwest of Minas Gerais, Brazil.","authors":"J C N Costa, C F Lisboa, H P F Deckers, C S da Silva, C R A Dias, E C Dos Santos, A C Sanches, I R Teixeira","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.302959","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.302959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pre-processing becomes essential to ensure the maintenance of grain quality, since quality parameters such as moisture content, impurity content and percentage of damaged grains must be within standards established by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) through the Normative Instructions. Therefore, this work aimed to map the quality parameters of corn, soybean and sorghum grains delivered by farmers to Coagril, during the year 2022. Data were collected on cargo received from cooperative and non-cooperative customers in the classification sector and the data was averaged obtaining the average values for water content, impurity content, gross cargo weight; truck tare weight; net weight; discounted weight and net weight of the load. The collected data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis with the aid of an electronic spreadsheet. After analyzing the data, it was observed that the grains that arrived at the Cooperative in 2022, received from cooperative members and non-cooperative customers, for corn grains, according to the standards established by MAPA, presented water content above the standard and were within the standards established for impurity content and percentage of damaged. The soybeans presented moisture content within the standards and, in addition, the impurity content and percentage of damage in the cargo received from members were above the standard allowed by MAPA only in the months of May and July, respectively. Finally, the sorghum grains presented water content within the standards and impurity content above the standards established by MAPA in the months of May, June, July and August.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e302959"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of salinity on the metamorphosis, settlement, and post-larval stage of the mangrove oyster, Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828).","authors":"J C S Cacho, G F F Graff, C H A M Gomes, J P R Ferreira, T B Freire, C M R de Melo","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.301810","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.301810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assessed the effect of salinity on the development of the mangrove oyster, Crassostrea rhizophorae, during the pediveliger, metamorphosis, and post-larvae stages, with individuals retained on ≥ 345 µm and ≥ 700 µm meshes. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with five salinity treatments (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35) and four replicates, conducted in three phases: (1) pediveliger and metamorphosis (7-day duration); (2) post-larvae retained on a ≥ 345 and < 500 µm mesh (16-day duration); and (3) post-larvae retained on ≥ 700 and < 1,000 µm meshes (21-day duration). Experimental units consisted of a downwelling system using screen-bottomed PVC cylinders. Oysters were fed Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros sp., with feed concentrations adjusted for each developmental stage. Yield (percentage of the initial stock retained alive on the final mesh) and survival (total live post-larvae relative to the initial stocked number) were determined by sieving. A salinity of 30 produced the highest yield during the pediveliger and metamorphosis phase (31.94% ± 4.53%), while salinities between 15 and 30 favored survival for post-larvae in the ≥ 345 µm size class. No significant differences in survival or yield were detected during the final post-larval stage. Overall, a salinity of 30 is recommended for the final larval and the post-larval stage for C. rhizophorae.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e301810"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147789895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body size variations of pupae and adults in the sexual dimorphism of the sweet potato leaf miner Bedellia somnulentella (Zeller, 1847) (Lepidoptera: Bedelliidae).","authors":"R A Pinheiro, M J S Cabral, P G C Souza, G G S Oliveira Júnior, S L Assis Júnior, C A Santos, M A Soares","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.301953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.301953","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e301953"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends of farmers in Jordan: Madaba Province towards applying climate change adaptation practices to protect their agricultural crops.","authors":"R W Tahtamouni, H O Alkhozahe, A S Mazahreh, L A Alsoud, T S Al-Qudah","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.303667","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.303667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jordan is a highly vulnerable country to the negative impacts of climate change. It's suffering from unprecedented waves of drought and high temperatures, which threaten mostly rainfed agriculture. Farmers in Madaba Province depend on rainfed agriculture and are, unfortunately extremely, distressed from climate change impacts on their crops. Limited studies have been conducted about climate change impacts on agricultural crops and methods for adaptation from the point of view of Madaba farmers. The aims of this study were to find out the extent of knowledge that Madaba farmers possess about the impacts of climate change on agriculture and what adaptation practices they use, in addition to the challenges they face in this aspect and the solutions that might be helpful to enrich their knowledge to encounter climate change impacts. In this study, 353 farmers from Madaba responded to a questionnaire to determine their trends towards climate change and the adaptation practices they apply to encounter such a problem. The results showed that farmers' knowledge about climate change and the agricultural practices for adaptation was moderate (M= 2.32, M= 2.15, respectively) and came primarily from other farmers' experiences. The results also showed that farmers applied adaptation practices at a moderate level (M= 2.64), while surface tillage and crop rotation were the most frequently used methods to mitigate climate change. Furthermore, data indicated that the lack of government support for farmers was the most significant challenge to applying the adaptation measures. The study also demonstrated that increasing government support for farmers and providing them with training courses were among the most acceptable solutions for addressing the risks of climate change. Finally, the study showed that age and education level played a significant role in the extent to which farmers adopted adaptation methods to mitigate climate change consequences. It is hoped that this study will guide the government and decision-makers to become aware of the most important challenges facing Madaba farmers due to climate change and to exert greater effort in improving and following up on the plans they have prepared to confront these threats to agriculture in a more effective and practical way.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e303667"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic mean components as selection criteria for identifying promising yellow melon hybrids for inbred line extraction.","authors":"K T C Ferreira, A F Martins, F L C Loureiro, L K L Graciano, S B de Melo, R M P da Silva, P R C Oliveira, F F de Lima, E M da Silva, G H S Nunes","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.302868","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.302868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Estimates of the mean components m + a' and d represent a promising strategy for guiding the selection of populations and lines in plant breeding programs. This study estimated m + a' and d to identify commercial yellow melon hybrids suitable for inbred line extraction to develop new hybrids. The experiments evaluated seven commercial single-cross (F1) yellow melon hybrids and their self-pollinated progenies (F2), for a total of 14 populations. Experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in a split-plot arrangement, with generation assigned to main plots and hybrids to subplots. Evaluated traits included fruit number per plot, mean fruit mass, yield, flesh thickness, flesh firmness, and total soluble solids. The Mulamba and Mock selection index (MMI) provided joint selection across all traits. Individual and combined analyses of variance applied a split-plot model and treated generation and hybrid effects as fixed. In the F1 generation, homozygous gene effects (m + a') predominated and contributed substantially to all traits and the MMI. Estimates of m + a' and d classified hybrids by success probability in inbred line extraction and showed that inbreeding depression was not significant for all melon traits. Hybrids AF-13395 and Goldmine showed the highest suitability for selecting superior inbred lines.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e302868"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147693828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of different protein levels in the diet of beef cattle on growth and development, as well as on reproductive ability.","authors":"R B Uskenov, T D Yengsebek, Y Konca, S K Bostanova, Z B Assanov, M F Valiyeva, A V Strelets","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.301205","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.301205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to study the effect of different levels of crude protein (CP) in the diet of Kazakh white-headed bull calves on their growth, development, feed efficiency and reproductive qualities using the digital Intergado system. The study involved 21 animals aged 7-8 months, divided into three groups: control (CP 11%), experimental 1 (CP 13%) and experimental 2 (CP 14.5%). The results showed that in the experimental groups, the consumption of metabolic energy increased significantly (up to 2.61±0.01 Mcal/lb) and crude protein (up to 0.92±0.03 kg; p = 0.006), as well as protein decomposed in the rumen (RDP up to 0.70±0.02 kg). This led to an improvement in the nitrogen balance, which became positive in experimental group 2 (0.01±0.01 kg d-1; p < 0.001). The most significant effect was observed on the productivity of animals. The experimental groups showed significantly higher average daily gains: 1.20±0.08 kg (CP 13%) and 1.26±0.07 kg (CP 14.5%) versus 0.87±0.14 kg in the control (p < 0.05). The absolute weight gain was 53.00±2.98 kg (experimental 2) and 50.43±3.36 kg (experimental 1), significantly exceeding the control group (36.57±5.79 kg; p < 0.05). The feeding efficiency improved significantly: the feed conversion rate in the group of CP 14.5% was 5.17 versus 8.54 in the control. Meat quality indicators included an increase in the area of the muscular eye in Experimental group 1 (39.81±1.59 cm2; p < 0.05). It is important to note that the studied protein levels did not negatively affect the indicators of reproductive function, where the scrotum circumference ranged from 28.14±1.32 cm in the control to 30.14±0.80 cm in the experimental group 1, and the ejaculate score ranged from 7.66±0.51 points in the control to 7.79±0.61 points in the experimental group 1, without statistically significant There were no significant differences (p = 0.388 and p = 0.693, respectively). However, an increase in methane emissions was recorded in the experimental groups (up to 14.75±0.01 g/kg DM; p < 0.001). Thus, the level of 13-14.5% crude protein in the diet provides a significant improvement in the growth, digestibility and bioavailability of nutrients without impairing reproductive functions, and can be recommended for intensive fattening of bull calves using digital feeding control technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e301205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}