Brazilian Journal of Biology最新文献

{"title":"Essential oil and aqueous extract of basil (Ocimum basilicum) in the diet of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus).","authors":"R M Sousa, A S Ventura, C A L Cardoso, C E Fernandes, R A C Corrêa-Filho, Y M Martins, L V Salve, L S Roque, L O Brasileiro, L N Spica, F I Kreutz, G R Stringhetta, J A Povh","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.289345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.289345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ocimum basilicum supplementation in the diet for Piaractus mesopotamicus regarding productive performance, intestinal morphology, muscle residue, and hematological changes after simulated transport stress. Juvenile (23 g±0.08, n = 180) were stocked into 300-L tanks in three treatments and six replicates each: a control diet (not supplemented), a diet with 0.5% essential oil of O. basilicum and a diet with 0.5% aqueous extract of O. basilicum. After 45 days, weight and length were measured, and the fish were submitted to a 4-hour simulated transport to assess the stress responses and the possible effects of the experimental diets on them. The main components of the essential oil were methyl chavicol (70.81%) and linalool (22.04%), while the aqueous extract contained tannin levels of 262.59±24 mg kg-1. The retention rate of the essential oil was about 50%, while the aqueous extract retention varied between 77 and 82%. The results showed no significant effect of basil on the productive performance of the fish. Fish supplemented with the aqueous extract exhibited a lower intestinal mucosal height compared to other groups. Additionally, transported fish showed increased blood glucose concentrations even higher in fish supplemented with the aqueous extract. It was concluded that supplementation with 0.5% basil, either as essential oil or aqueous extract, did not benefit productive performance, intestinal morphology, or reduce transport stress in pacu.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e289345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Profiling of Wild Edible Plants: Quantification of Macronutrients and Minerals via Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Fluorescence Spectroscopy.","authors":"Muhammad Ibrahim, Naveed Akhtar, Asghar Khan, Sara, Yasir Anwar, Ling Shing Wong, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan, Vinoth Kumarasamy, Abdur Rauf, Yogesh Kumar Ahlawat, Nisha Sharma, Luciano de Almeida Lopes","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.287349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.287349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The wild edible plants offer a valuable resource for food and human nutrition. The current study aimed to analyze the proximate composition and ethno-medicinal profiles of twenty selected wild edible plants from the Malakand District, Pakistan. The proximate composition (moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, and dietary fiber) was analyzed following Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) protocols. Ethno-medicinal profiles were obtained through semi-structured interviews with local informants. Mineral elements were analyzed using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDX) Spectroscopy. The normalized variation matrix and centered log ratio (CLR) biplot were used to assess linear associations between nutritional components. The results revealed significant variations in the nutritional components and mineral contents among the studied plant species. Higher crude carbohydrates (64.48%) were scrutinized in Ziziphus jujuba, followed by proteins (19.90%) in leaves of Solanum nigrum, fiber (19.50%) in Caralluma tuberculata and fats (6.12%) in Mentha spicata. A maximum energy value of 332.34 Kcal/100g was calculated for leaves of Solanum nigrum. The concentrations of carbon (C) in Mentha longifolia were (60.20%), followed by oxygen (46.06%) in Ziziphus jujuba, potassium (10.80%) in Rumex dentatusand nitrogen (7.98%) in Nasturtium officinale. The centered log ratio biplot confirms strong relationships between moisture, energy, carbohydrates, fibers, and ash content, while protein and fat concentrations exhibit a separate pattern. The findings provide valuable insights into the compositional data analysis of edible plant species, suggesting interdependencies among carbohydrate, energy, moisture content, and fibers. Additionally, the results of our current study showed that all of these selected wild edible plants have the potential to provide humans with important macronutrients and elements.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e287349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142959213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fertilizing on the productivity of pregnant and lactating queens, growth and development of their offspring.","authors":"T E Kenzhebaev, K B Omashev, E B Asylbekova, R A Omarov, Z A Akhatova, D Kamilov","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.288520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.288520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An urgent problem in the agricultural science of livestock production is the adequate feeding of the queens of farm animals, in particular sheep kept on year-round pasture, especially in the second half of pregnancy and the first half of lactation. These periods are the most stressful, since the uterus does not receive enough necessary nutrients for the normal functioning of the body, embryonic and post-embryonic development of the offspring. In this regard, the purpose of our research was to increase the usefulness of the diet queens by carrying out additional feeding crushed barley with the inclusion of a mineral supplement developed taking into account the chemical composition of feed in Kazakhstan. To establish a nutrient deficiency in the diets of pregnant and lactating ewes, the botanical composition and the amount of food eaten were determined. pasture feed in basic farms typical of southeast Kazakhstan. Chemical compositions, nutritional value of pasture and grain crops feed installed using devices from the Swedish company FOSS: InfraXact, FIAstar 5000, KJELTEC, as well as taking into account generally accepted standards for feeding sheep of different sex and age groups. To increase the nutritional value of the diet ewes experimental groups were fed crushed barley in the amount of 0.4 kg, and animals of 2 experimental groups in its composition, also received mineral supplement \"Agrovit\" at the rate of 4 grams per head per day. In beginning of lactation about uterine 2 experimental groups peasant farms were superior by 2.45 - 2.20% by live weight over control analogues that grazed only on pasture. A similar dynamic continued to mid-lactation. Feeding pregnant and lactating ewes in the specified volume, and animals of 2 experimental groups, also mineral supplement contributed to an increase in the milk productivity of queens and the intensity of growth and development of their lambs, which is an important factor for obtaining and raising breeding young sheep.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e288520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial activities of seasonally collected bee products: honey, propolis, royal jelly, venom, and mellitin.","authors":"M Obeidat, M A Haddad, S A Ghnamat","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.286731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.286731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ethanolic extracts of seasonally collected natural bee products (honey, propolis, royal jelly (RJ), and bee venom (BV)) were tested for their potential as antimicrobial agents against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and fungi. These extracts exhibited various inhibitory effects on antibiotic-resistant bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, and Haemophilus influenzae) and fungi (Aspergillus brasiliensis and Candida albicans), with the exception of S. pneumonia, which was not inhibited by honey and RJ extracts, and P. aeruginosa, which was not inhibited by RJ extracts. Interestingly, extracts of BV and its major content, melittin (MEL), displayed a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria and fungi. This is the first study to show that propolis extract has bactericidal activity against S. pneumoniae and that BV extract and MEL have antibacterial activity against P. vulgaris, H. influenzae, and H. influenzae type b. Extracts of bee products collected in the spring generally exhibited the most significant antibacterial and antifungal activities. Based on total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), it was found that spring samples of propolis, RJ, and honey, in that order, were the richest. Also, LC-MS-MS analysis of MEL content in BV demonstrated that it was the highest in spring sample. In terms of MIC and MBC values, Gram-positive bacteria were the most susceptible to bee products. First and foremost, the antimicrobial activity of bee products was ranked in descending order based on MIC values: BV, MEL, propolis, RJ, and honey.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e286731"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxicity assays for cancer drug screening: methodological insights and considerations for reliable assessment in drug discovery.","authors":"G Chaudhry, Zeenia, N Safdar, S Begum, A M Akim, Y Y Sung, T S T Muhammad","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.284409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.284409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The importance of cytotoxicity assays in in vitro drug discovery investigations has led to their rising profile. Drugs and other substances can disrupt cell membranes, limit protein synthesis, and bind irreversibly to receptors, all of which lead to cell death in cancer cells. To precisely measure the cell death resulting from these damages, one must choose a cytotoxicity test that meets specific criteria. A systematic search strategy was used to gather grey literature from 2001 to 2024, utilizing databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Specific keywords related to colorimetric, fluorometric, and dye exclusion assays, as well as \"cytotoxicity,\" were employed. Here, we only focus on screening drug cytotoxicity for cancer cells. This review discusses various cytotoxicity assays, such as \"dye exclusion assays,\" \"colorimetric assays,\" and \"fluorometric assays.\" It is crucial to prioritize safety, speed, reliability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, while also ensuring minimal interference with the test compound. Commonly used in toxicology and pharmacology, cytotoxicity assays are based on several biological processes. Selecting the correct assay method requires considerations such as assay specificity and sensitivity, detection mechanism, test drug properties, and laboratory availability. This review aims to assist researchers in performing reliable cytotoxicity assessments by providing insights into assay choices.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e284409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield and chemical composition of Hesperozygis ringens (Benth.) Epling essential oil cultivated in different areas.","authors":"F Bruxel, A P Borges, A J Marques, M V V Klaus, M Hofstätter, C E Granada, E M Ethur, L Hoehne, E M Freitas","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.289008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.289008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The essential oil (EO) of Hesperozygis ringens (Benth.) Epling, which has several proven properties, is comprised mainly of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, and pulegone is the major compound. However, this is an endemic and endangered species. The aim of this study is to evaluate the viability of cultivating Hesperozygis ringens in different regions of Rio Grande do Sul and in a greenhouse. Seedlings obtained by using cuttings were transferred and cultivated for a year at each site. Then, leaves were collected and underwent EO extraction through steam distillation. During the same period, EO was also obtained from the natural population from which the cuttings were obtained. The chemical composition of EO samples in triplicates from each cultivation site and from the natural population were characterized in GC-MS. EO yield (%) was obtained by the ratio between leaf biomass (g) and EO mass (g) and it showed differences between areas; the yield obtained in the natural population was higher (3.14%) than the yield obtained in the cultivated areas (1.29%) and in the greenhouse (0.86%). The chemical compounds had low variation between areas, and most of them were oxygenated monoterpenes (74.82%). The commercial exploitation of H. ringens in different regions is feasible, as the plants tolerated climatic and edaphic conditions that were different from the ones of its natural occurrence area, and their EO yield remained high. The exception was the greenhouse, with lower yield yet with higher pulegone concentration. Furthermore, EO maintained its compounds, with few changes in their concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e289008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sesbania javanica Miq leaf extracts increase Balb/c 3T3 fibroblast cell migration.","authors":"P Herabutya, W Lekpeth, T Posamton, B Patjaroen, N Sritana","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.281796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.281796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sesbania javanica Miq. is widely distributed in canals throughout Thailand and its flowers are commonly consumed in Thailand. Sesbania javanica floral extracts have previously been demonstrated to have antimutagenic activity, but information on the bioactivity and beneficial properties of other plant parts, such as the leaf, remains limited. In this study, the induction of cell proliferation and wound-healing activity of DMSO extracts from flowers and leaves of S. javanica was evaluated. A high concentration (1:25 and 1:50 dilutions) of all extracts was cytotoxic to Balb/c 3T3 fibroblast cells. A low concentration (1:500 and 1:1000 dilutions) of extracts A, B, and C (extracted from leaves) significantly promoted cell viability after treatment of the fibroblast cells for 24 or 48 h. The 1:500 and 1:1000 dilutions of extracts B and C were selected for a scratch assay to assess their wound-healing activity and significantly decreased the wound area after treatment for 24 h. These findings provide evidence that leaf extracts from S. javanica have potential utility for the treatment of wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e281796"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, morpho-physiological and molecular characterization, phylogenetic analysis of Trichoderma asperellum in Bangladesh.","authors":"S A Uddin, I Hossain, H Mahmud, M S Monjil, M D Hossain","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.282954","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.282954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The experiment was conducted at the Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to identify T. asperellum in a countrywide screening program and to evaluate its antagonistic effect against several soil borne pathogens. Samples were collected from the rhizosphere soil of 49 different crops in 107 different locations in Bangladesh, especially, considering the several isolates of T. asperellum for purification. Based on morphological and physiological features, fifteen isolates were selected. Of these, the isolates of TR27 and TR45 were grown and sporulated at 40 °C except all the isolates with 35 °C, and particularly, showing a decrease of mycelial growth across all the isolates for increasing pH. Meanwhile, T. asperellum showed significant antagonistic effects against Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Pythium aphanidermatum, resulting in reducing foot and root rot, collar rot and damping off diseases, respectively. Four isolates were selected for molecular characterization among 15 isolates in terms of higher mycelial growth and spore density in-vitro condition, isolates of (TR27) Sadar, Moulvibazar (Rice), (TR45) Sadar, Mymensingh (Sweet gourd), (TR70) Chapra, Chapai Nawabganj (Sesame) and (TR85) Nayanpur, Lalmonirhat (Maize) were studied at ITS and TEF region. Isolates of TR45, TR70 and TR85 were observed with 98% homology, and TR27 exhibited 88% in their respective closest isolates at ITS sequences. Isolates of TR27 and TR85 also exerted their respective nearest homology (96%), while TR45 showed 99%, and 93% homology with TR70 in TEF sequences. Isolates TR45, TR70 and TR85 were evidently determined as T. asperellum of 100% bootstrap value, and TR27 isolate was also recognized with 72% bootstrap value in the phylogenetic tree. However, complementary effects of significant superior homology and the greatest bootstrap value in the identification of T. asperellum were found as noteworthy. In the phylogenetic analysis, magnificent differentiation among the Trichoderma isolates within and among the groups of closely related species was observed in Tef1 region than reflecting maximum variability in the isolates of rDNA at ITS region, whereas demonstrating a higher transversion ratio and evolutionary divergence.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e282954"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of development and financial risk in agricultural energy consumption: an empirical analysis based on country panel data and smooth transition regression.","authors":"M Amiri, S N Mousavi, R Moghaddasi","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.288693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.288693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Financial development facilitates farmers' access to credit resources, enabling the adoption of innovative technologies for energy management. On the other hand, long-term planning for agricultural businesses is expected to reduce various types of risks, including financial risk, thus promoting production. Therefore, the aim of this study is to empirically investigate the relationship between development and financial risk with energy consumption in the agricultural sector in Iran and selected developing countries. For this purpose, financial development indicators such as the ratio of deposits and bank facilities to agricultural value-added, as well as economic, financial, and political risk indicators, have been used for two groups of oil-exporting and non-oil-exporting developing countries during the years 2010 to 2020. In order to analyze the data, the Smooth Transition Regression model was used, which allows for examining non-linear relationships between variables. The findings suggest significant differences in the average per capita agricultural energy consumption between the studied oil-exporting and non-oil-exporting countries. Other research results indicate the superiority of non-linear specification relationships between variables and their threshold behavior. Financial development has an inverse effect on per capita energy consumption, and an increase in various types of risk (financial, economic, and political) is associated with an increase in per capita energy consumption in the agricultural sector. The magnitude of the impact of variables in non-oil-exporting countries is generally estimated to be higher than in oil-exporting countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e288693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the agronomic traits and correlation analysis of phenotypes of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) germplasm in Kazakhstan.","authors":"E Dyussibayeva, M Abylkairova, V Tsygankov, I Zhirnova, A Zeinullina, G Yessenbekova, A Orazov, A Tsygankov, Y Dolinny, A Rysbekova","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.287947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.287947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proso millet is a valuable short-term crop of universal use cultivated all over the world. However, due to the lack of genetic improvement, the yield of this crop does not provide stable in-come for farmers. The research is aimed to test proso millet germplasm of different geographical origin under different agro-climatic regions in Kazakhstan. 90 accessions of proso millet originated from 19 countries were tested in the conditions of the North (A.I. Baraev Scientific Production Centre of Grain Farming) and the West (Agricultural Experimental Station) Kazakhstan from 2022 to 2023. The main agronomic traits such as plant height, number of seeds per panicle, seed weight per panicle and productive tillering, 1000 seed weight and yield per m2 were measured. Correlation analysis was conducted based on the obtained data. High correlation was established between the SWPP and NSPP traits (r=0.73-0.92) in Northern and Western Kazakhstan conditions in 2022-2023 years. The world collection with higher values of 1000 seed weight showed a lower number of seeds per panicle, while the correlation was negative (r= - 0.48). The findings can be used in future proso millet breeding programs to develop new and improved genotypes with desirable productive traits adaptable to different environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e287947"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}