{"title":"Combined use of humic acids and Trichoderma harzianum as sustainable alternatives to alliviate salt stress in bell pepper.","authors":"R H Tirado-Malaver, R Tirado-Lara","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.289492","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.289492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bell pepper is a vegetable with beneficial properties for human nutrition. However, salinity is an abiotic factor affecting bell pepper yield in arid and semi-arid areas of Peru. The objective was to determine the combined effect of humic acid (HA) with Trichoderma harzianum (TH) as sustainable alternatives to increase the yield of bell peppers subjected to salt stress. The experiment was carried in field out during the 2023 and 2024 seasons design with a 2 x 3 x 2 factorial scheme, referring to the electrical conductivity (EC) of the irrigation water (0 and 4 dSm-1), HA (0, 15 and 30 L ha-1) and TH (0 and 1 kg ha-1). Agronomic and yield-related parameters were analyzed. The results showed that the saline soil accompanied by irrigations of 0 and 4 dS m-1 of EC, showed a significant decrease in agronomic parameters and an increase in concentration of sodium and chlorine in bell pepper leaves. However, the application of 30 L ha-1 of HA with TH increase in plant height (86.53 y 86,42%), higher root dry weight (95.44 y 95.32%) and plant dry weight (90.46 y 90.41%), also, greatly improved fruit length 64.6 y 63.74%) and width (58.47 y 57.31%), significantly increased fruit content per plant (91.49 y 91.30%), fruit weight per plant (93.29 and 93.15%) and total yield (89.54 and 89.23%) in relation to plants subjected to salt stress. It also significantly increases the concentration of potassium and calcium in the leaves (37.88 and 48.71%), K+/ Na+ ratio (72.07 and 74.93%) and proline content (58.60 and 59.31%) superior to the control, as a defense mechanism against salt stress. Therefore, as the dose of humic acids combined with Trichoderma harzianum is increased, the plant shows tolerance to salinity, being a sustainable alternative of bell pepper to reduce salt stress in arid and semi-arid areas of Peru.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e289492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H M Abd-Elhalim, R R Hamed, D A M El Sangry, K H Radwan
{"title":"Characterization and isolation of 1-aminocyclopropane1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase-producing, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria from the rhizosphere of Egyptian wheat cultivars for improved drought resilience.","authors":"H M Abd-Elhalim, R R Hamed, D A M El Sangry, K H Radwan","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.285457","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.285457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought stress severely damages the growth and development of wheat and leads to lower crop production. The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a sustainable approach that enhances plant tolerance to drought. This study investigated whether different bacterial isolates could promote wheat growth under drought conditions. A total of 73 bacterial isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere of Egyptian wheat cultivars, 30 of which exhibited ACC deaminase activity. The isolates were selected based on various PGPR characteristics, including phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, nitrogen fixation, indole-3-acetic acid production, biofilm formation, and antagonistic abilities. The active ACC colonies were screened for these traits and based on in vitro promotion of wheat plant growth, root inoculum from four wheat plants was used and grown under drought conditions. The percentage yield of wheat plants increased in the weight of wheat plants, while in total biomass it was found that the treatments showed significant differences compared to the control. The most effective ACC was from the wheat isolate B. subtilis. The bacterial types were identified at the genus level by sequencing the 16s rRNA gene. In conclusion, this research suggests PGPR such as V. paradoxus and K. oxytoca have the potential to reduce the effects of drought stress in Egyptian wheat cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e285457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seasonal variation and patterns in the land snail community along a fine-scale humidity gradient in an Atlantic Rainforest remnant, Southeastern Brazil.","authors":"R A Esteves, S B Santos, C F D Rocha","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.287884","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.287884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we provide the first data regarding seasonal variation and patterns along a fine-scale humidity gradient on the land snail community, including parameters such as richness and abundance, in the Sooretama Biological Reserve, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Our study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2018, covering all four seasons (summer, autumn, winter and spring). We used 24 plots of 250 m each, combined with subplots of 25 x 75 cm (to sample leaf-litter), following the RAPELD methodology. We collected 440 live specimens belonging to 35 species from 11 families. The snail species richness varied among seasons, with the highest mean values in summer and spring. The highest variation of richness occurred between summer and autumn, and the smallest variation occurred between spring and summer. Soil temperature, relative air moisture and soil moisture affected significantly the overall land snail abundance. The rainy season was hotter and wetter than the dry season and showed highest richness and abundance of species. Our results showed a clear compositional change along the moisture gradient, suggesting differences in species preference for moisture conditions even at a fine-scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e287884"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L A Silva-Neto, R Y Ramírez-Rueda, M J Salvador, A M Nascimento
{"title":"Chemical composition and evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils from Lippia hermannioides and Matayba marginata, two plants on ironstone outcrops: an endangered Brazilian ecosystem.","authors":"L A Silva-Neto, R Y Ramírez-Rueda, M J Salvador, A M Nascimento","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.289902","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.289902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canga is the Brazilian term used to describe a weathered superficial ferruginous deposit. These geoenvironments shelter hundreds of rare species. Essential oils of Lippia hermannioides and Matayba marginata, species collected in the ferruginous rupestrian field on remaining canga at Federal University of Ouro Preto-UFOP, were isolated from fresh leaves by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and characterized by GC-MS analyses. A total of 32 compounds were identified in the oil of L. hermannioides, while 15 were identified in the oil of M. marginata, representing 98.9% and 97.7% respectively, of the total volatile content. In both essential oils sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the main class of constituents (53.4% for L. hermannioides and 92.1% for M. marginata). Elemicin (35.1%) and β-caryophyllene (21.3%) were found to be the major constituents in the essential oil of L. hermannioides, whereas germacrene A (48.8%) and β-elemene (29.5%) were encountered in the essential oil of M. marginata. Both essential oils showed bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with the essential oil of L. hermannioides being more efficient. The oils did not present antioxidant activity and by ORACFL assay. The oil of L. hermannioides showed weak DPPH radical-scavenging activity by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) autographic assay. The data presented in this study showed, for the first time in literature, the chemical composition of essential oil from M. marginata and their bactericidal and antioxidant properties. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the chemical composition and biological activities of Lippia and Matayba genera.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e289902"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M K Kazankapova, B T Yermagambet, Z T Dauletzhanova, A Akshekina, A B Malgazhdarova, Z M Kassenova, A K Kolpek
{"title":"Plastic waste recycling for the production of graphene nanomaterials using electric arc discharge.","authors":"M K Kazankapova, B T Yermagambet, Z T Dauletzhanova, A Akshekina, A B Malgazhdarova, Z M Kassenova, A K Kolpek","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.289382","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.289382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing global consumption of plastic products has resulted in a growing accumulation of plastic waste, posing severe environmental challenges. The study aims to explore methods for recycling plastic macaque waste to produce carbon nanomaterials. Carbon nanomaterials were obtained via electric arc discharge from plastic waste processed at 1173 K in a nitrogen and water vapor environment. Key properties such as moisture, ash, and volatility were analyzed with a Thermoster Eltra analyzer. Pore volume, bulk density, pH, and adsorption activity were also assessed. This study addresses plastic waste pollution by converting it into porous carbon nanomaterials through pyrolysis at 900 °C. These materials, used as electrodes, produce graphene-forming nanomaterials via electric arc discharge. Analysis confirmed the composition using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and gas chromatography. The study reveals that the electrical conductivity of the synthesized carbon nanomaterials is close to that of graphite, with a reduction in electrical resistance of up to 3.6 times compared to the initial carbonized material. The process yields valuable products like nanomaterials, hydrogen, and flammable gases. This research presents an innovative and sustainable approach for the recycling of plastic waste into graphene-forming carbon nanomaterials using electric arc discharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e289382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S A Guamán Rivera, M Cedeño Ávila, R F Zabala-Vizuete, R J Herrera-Feijoo, A F Sánchez-Cedeño, A F Inca Falconí, B R Vaca Barahona, V F Noboa Silva, D F Maldonado Arias, J R Zambrano Molina, A E Guerrero Pincay
{"title":"Use of autochthonous microorganism-based biol to enhance agronomic responses and nutritional value of Megathyrsus maximus for sustainable ruminant feeding.","authors":"S A Guamán Rivera, M Cedeño Ávila, R F Zabala-Vizuete, R J Herrera-Feijoo, A F Sánchez-Cedeño, A F Inca Falconí, B R Vaca Barahona, V F Noboa Silva, D F Maldonado Arias, J R Zambrano Molina, A E Guerrero Pincay","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.292987","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.292987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the potential of biol prepared from autochthonous microorganisms (AMs) as a sustainable biofertilizer to improve the agronomic performance and nutritional value of Megathyrsus maximus under tropical conditions. Conducted in the Ecuadorian Amazon, the experiment evaluated the effects of varying biol dosages (T1, 3; T2, 4, and T3, 5 L/ha-1) on agronomic parameters such as plant height, basal cover, tiller density, and chemical composition. The results revealed significant improvements in plant growth and forage yield, particularly in the 5 L/ha-1 treatment (T3), which recorded the highest crude protein (CP) content of 12.85%. The biol treatments also increased tiller density and enhanced basal cover, indicating a favourable impact on plant development and ground cover efficiency. Chemical analysis showed that CP contents surpassed those obtained with conventional fertilizers, while neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents remained consistent, ensuring the forage quality required for ruminant nutrition. Additionally, the economic evaluation showed that the biol application costs were significantly lower than those of synthetic fertilizers (192 vs. 225 $), providing a cost-effective alternative for pasture management. This research highlights the multifaceted benefits of utilizing biol derived from AMs, including improved forage productivity, enhanced nutritional quality, and reduced environmental impact. The findings emphasize the potential of biol as a viable strategy to promote sustainable agricultural practices in tropical regions, contributing to the global demand for eco-friendly alternatives to chemical fertilizers. Further research is recommended to optimize application protocols and assess long-term ecological and economic impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e292987"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T P Fagundes, G A Caetano, V T Ribas, D C Calderaro, U B Castro
{"title":"Chitosan conduits for peripheral nerve repair: a systematic review of animal studies.","authors":"T P Fagundes, G A Caetano, V T Ribas, D C Calderaro, U B Castro","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.280569","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.280569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripheral nerve injuries are major causes of disability worldwide. The current standard treatment, autologous nerve grafting, puts the donor region at risk and has limited availability. A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for studies published between January 1, 2008, and September 04, 2024, was performed to compare interventions using chitosan tubes with non-intervention or autologous nerve grafts in rats with artificially injured sciatic nerves. Twenty-one experimental studies including 738 animals were selected. Nerve repair using chitosan conduits resulted in a higher sciatic functional index compared to non-intervention. Higher conduction velocity and a greater number of myelinated fibers were observed in nerve fibers treated with chitosan compared to the no intervention or primary repair groups. However, compound muscle action potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials were superior in the latter compared to nerves treated with the polymer.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e280569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Hussein, M Abdelsattar, K H Radwan, E Osman, E A Abdeldaym, A A Abdelhadi, N A Abdallah
{"title":"Streamlining the defense mechanism involving miRNA/mRNA and phytohormones during mycorrhiza-fusarium infecting tomato roots.","authors":"A Hussein, M Abdelsattar, K H Radwan, E Osman, E A Abdeldaym, A A Abdelhadi, N A Abdallah","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.280450","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.280450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was carried out to identify the relationship between miRNAs/ targets and phytohormone-related genes associated with Rhizophagus irregularis/ F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) interaction through post-infection of tomato roots at different stages. Furthermore, to address the role of miRNA-mediated families in regulating plant hormone crosstalk during plant-microbe interactions, including salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (AUX) and 5 ethylene (ET). In this study, Expression levels of ethylene-responsive genes reflect antagonism between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and ET, re-modulating immunoregulatory capacity in tomato. On the other hand, our data reinforce that overexpression of AP2 and ERF1 delay senescence in Fol-infected tomato plants by downregulating the expression level of SPL3. Moreover, a balance between TCP4, miR164, and miR319b transcript levels suggests that their interaction attenuates senescence under AMF infection. Measurements of phytohormone production under AMF/Fol infection at 30 days post-inoculation (dpi) showed significantly lower hormone production in the resistant genotype (Heinz 'Hz') compared to the susceptible genotype (Castle Rock 'CR') by 36, 17, and 14% for ET, ABA, and JA, respectively. These findings potentially imply that modifications in Heinz's hormonal signaling are prompting host changes, which lead to decreased phytohormone levels. This study provides an applied basis for further research on the molecular mechanism and challenges associated with the continuous cropping of tomato by R. irregulari under the deleterious effects of Fusarium on late stages of root infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e280450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J A Zegarra-Flores, A R Condori-Ramos, F E Coloma-Dongo, E E C Llatasi, F G C Llatasi, C G M Caceres, C M C Mamani, F O Areche, D C Paricanaza-Ticona, E E T Quispe, R Leon-Gomez
{"title":"Analysis of the innovation system in the adoption of IR-43 (NIR) and Tinajones rice varieties by farmers of the Camaná Valley.","authors":"J A Zegarra-Flores, A R Condori-Ramos, F E Coloma-Dongo, E E C Llatasi, F G C Llatasi, C G M Caceres, C M C Mamani, F O Areche, D C Paricanaza-Ticona, E E T Quispe, R Leon-Gomez","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.286882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.286882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the last 30 years, rice production in Peru has grown 4.88 times. Rice in the Camaná Valley of the department of Arequipa is one of the most important food crops in the regional economy with a world record in yield for paddy rice. The objective was to analyze the innovation system in the adoption of IR-43 (NIR) and Tinajones rice varieties by rice farmers in the Camaná Valley and determine the impacts on improvements in the quality of life of farmers. This study used the innovation systems framework to explore four key aspects of innovation systems: Actors, the roles they play and the activities in which they are involved, attitudes and practices of the main actors, patterns of interaction between the main actors and the enabling environment. It was determined that the adoption of IR-43 (NIR) and Tinajones varieties was facilitated by the existence of a diversity of collective intelligence mechanisms to organize interactions for innovation, government actors have been identified (INIA, SENASA, Agrarian Agencies); private companies (CORDESA Camaná, commercial houses, phytosanitary companies), media, rice producers, a sociotechnical regime that constitutes the mills, financing entities, market information and marketing agents, forming a network of social and economic actors, which interact with each other for the adoption of rice varieties. The livelihoods of producers have been favored by human, social, natural, financial and political capital. The increase in yields and a better price of the product allows them to improve their economies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e286882"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A A Fonseca, L H G Mengarda, P A M Lima, J S Costa, S O Lopes, R S Alexandre, J C Lopes
{"title":"Germination and initial growth of four cover crops as a function of liquid organic fertilization.","authors":"A A Fonseca, L H G Mengarda, P A M Lima, J S Costa, S O Lopes, R S Alexandre, J C Lopes","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.290094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.290094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of compounds rich in humic substances in agriculture may improve the soil attributes and development of plants, but with unknown effects in seed germination, which may be inhibited or induced. Therefore, we aimed to study the germination and initial growth of four cover crops as a function of liquid organic matter (LOM) application. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design and a 4 x 3 factorial scheme (four legume species: Mucuna aterrima, Mucuna cinereum, Crotalaria spectabilis e Crotalaria breviflora and three levels of LOM: absence (0.0 g L-1), low concentration (28.0 g L-1), and high concentration (56.0 g L-1). The analyses were: germination (%), index speed germination, average germination time (days), and seedling root and shoot lengths (cm). The use of LOM determined an increase in seedling germination and growth of Mucuna aterrima and Crotalaria spectabilis, especially Crotalaria spectabilis seeds, which when exposed to 2.5% LOM presented a 40% increase in germination, reaching values of 98%.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e290094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}