Brazilian Journal of Biology最新文献

{"title":"Physiological and colorimetric phenotyping in obtaining genetic gains by indirect selection in Capsicum.","authors":"R B Bispo, K K N Fukuji, A Y S Fukuji, C P Sudré, S Cassaro, A T Amaral Júnior, R Rodrigues","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.290261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.290261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For the development, growth and reproduction of plants, light is one of the most important environmental factors. This work presents the characterization of accessions of three Capsicum species from the germplasm bank of the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF) Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in terms of physicochemical traits of ripe fruits, and the influence of light and temperature on leaf reflectance indices. Eleven accessions were grown under shade and direct sun conditions at UENF. The experimental design used randomized blocks in a simple genotype x environment factorial with three replications. Three ripe fruits were collected from each plant for physicochemical phenotyping. Fruit color and total soluble solids (TSS) content were assessed using colorimetry and digital refractometry, respectively. Leaf reflectance indices were obtained during the fruiting stage in the three accessions. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and Scott-Knott and Tukey tests. Canonical correlation analysis was used to estimate existing relationships between colorimetric and physiological traits. Fruits were graded into seven color categories using a colorimeter: red, dark red, light yellow, pale yellow-orange, orange, orange with purple spots, and brown. Significant variability in TSS was recorded (5.59 to 13.04 ºBrix). Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Water Band Index (WBI) traits co-associated at high magnitude with colorimetric traits, thus offering an alternative for indirect selection promoting genetic gains in Capsicum.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e290261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Cost and rapid method for genomic DNA isolation from Platonia insignis: an endangered fruit tree species of the Brazilian Amazon.","authors":"P M S Rivas, G G Santos, I C Albuquerque, J M A Silva, N L Silva, V K O Silva-Moraes, S H S Felipe, J R G Araújo, J R S Barros, T R Corrêa","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.295149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.295149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e295149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induced mutagenesis in breeding of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).","authors":"L A Tokhetova, N Z Sultan, G Z Baimbetova, A E Zhalbyrov, R D Nurymova","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.293020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.293020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article presents the results of studies on the creation of new source material based on induced mutagenesis using the pulsed linear electron accelerator ILU-10. Test indicators of the most effective mutagenic effect of radiation treatment in the context of varieties were determined, and highly productive mutant lines were identified that were resistant to abiotic stress factors and retained these indicators in subsequent generations. The most valuable mutants were isolated among the forms obtained under the influence of absorbed doses from 100 to 150 Gy. The excess of productivity over the standard variety Syr Aruy for two years was 6.1 - 11.6 c / ha. Important distinguishing features were their tallness in combination with dense strong straw and resistance to lodging. In general, the reliable increase in yield was determined mainly by the grain weight per ear, due to better grain content per ear and 1000-grain weight. Studies have shown that the use of physical mutagenesis significantly reduces the time for breeding new varieties by direct propagation of mutant lines with a complex of positive traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e293020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol potential of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis against Phytophthora infestans in two potato varieties.","authors":"R H Tirado-Malaver, R Tirado-Lara, F Fernández-Herrera","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.296811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.296811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The potato is one of the most important crops in the world, due to its nutritional properties. However, Phytophthora infestans causes a significant reduction in potato growth and productivity. The use of chemical fungicides is the main control, consequently, the virulence and aggressiveness of the phytopathogen increases, and the use of biological agents with antagonistic activity is necessary. The objective was to determine the biocontrol effect of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis in a commercial and an improved potato variety as a sustainable strategy for the control of Phytophthora infestans in the highlands of Peru. The experiment was carried out in the field during two production seasons (2022-2023 and 2023-2024), with a 2x2x2 factorial scheme, referring to the variety (commercial variety Yungay and improved variety CIP 302295.32), two biological agents (T. harzianum and B. subtilis at a dose of 1 kg ha-1 and without application). The results revealed that plants subjected to P. infestans show a significant reduction in potato growth and productivity. However, the combined use of soil-applied T. harzianum and foliar-applied B. subtilis on the improved variety CIP 302295.32 reduced disease severity by 80.78 and 83.78% compared to the control in the two seasons, yielding more than 80% control efficiency of P. infestans. Likewise, this combination produced a significant effect on plant height (59.27 and 60.34%) in both seasons, significant increase in the number of commercial tubers per plant (84.66 and 88.89%), notable improvement in commercial weight per plant (84.88 and 90.11%) and the commercial yield exceeded the control by 85.45 and 90.12% in both seasons. Therefore, this study has clearly demonstrated the antagonistic effect of P. infestans with the combined use of the fungus \"T. harzianum\" applied to the soil and the endophytic bacterium \"B. subtilis\" applied via foliar and this effect was more significant in the improved variety CIP 302295.32, in addition, this combination produces a significant effect on the growth and productivity of the potato.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e296811"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different irrigation water temperatures on the vegetative development of mung beans (Vigna radiata L.).","authors":"V L A R Santos, C V Vieira, P H O Simões, R S Okumura, L F Palheta, M T Paula, A Lange, S Rodrigues, K C D Simões, C S Pereira","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.292222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.292222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different temperatures of irrigation water applied directly to the soil on the initial growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment inside a greenhouse located at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop Campus. The experiment took place from February 9 to March 31, 2023. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with four replications. The irrigation water temperatures applied were 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50° and 60 °C, with a 3-day watering shift and 500 mL per pot. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, root dry mass, shoot dry mass and average chlorophyll were evaluated at 49 days after sowing at R7. Irrigation with a water temperature of 60 °C reduces the vegetative growth of the mung bean crop and at 10 °C increases the vegetative and root growth of the mung bean plants. The length of internodes, chlorophyll in old leaves, chlorophyll in new leaves and average chlorophyll did not have their averages altered by the different irrigation water temperatures. Water temperatures between 10 °C and 30 °C are recommended for use in irrigation in hot or tropical environments for mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e292222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase in anthocyanins and their relationship with nutrition, stomatal density, and yield of purple lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) nourished with humus based on vegetable waste.","authors":"D D Cruz Nieto, H J Castro Bartolomé, J V Nunja García, C A Chirito Laurencio, F D P Lomparte Ramos, E T Castañeda Chirre, A E Cruz Nieto, M E Gástulo Chávez, R J Hijar Guzman, G M G Garcia de Hijar, R Aguilar Anccota, C M Caira Mamani, M N Morales Alberto, A Chiclla Salazar","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.295314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.295314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global food security faces challenges due to the geopolitical situation, climate change, unhealthy diets, and the post-pandemic period. In Peru, the effects of the socioeconomic crisis were also felt, especially in the increase in food prices. For this reason, research was conducted on the increase of anthocyanins and their relationship with nutrition, stomatal density, and the yield of purple lettuce nourished with humus based on vegetable waste (HBVW). The objective was to determine the increase in anthocyanins in relation to nutrition, stomatal density, and the yield of purple lettuce nourished with HBVW. The methodology is based on applied research with an experimental approach; for this, a completely randomized block design was used, consisting of 3 blocks and 5 treatments, which were T1 with 0, T2 with 6, T3 with 8, T4 with 10, and T5 with 12 t ha-1 of HBVW. The doses were applied 15 days after transplanting, and physical characteristics were evaluated (total plant length, weight of purple lettuce, diameter of purple lettuce, and commercial yield), nutrient concentration in leaves (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, molybdenum, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, chlorides, and sodium), anthocyanin concentration, total nitrogen, and phosphorus consumption. Also the stomatal density and profitability. Results determined that T5 stood out in total plant length with 28.90 cm, lettuce weight with 96.33 g, diameter with 17.07 cm, and commercial yield with 19.387 t ha-1. Total nitrogen consumption with 291.44 kg ha-1 and total phosphorus pentoxide consumption with 412.98 kg ha-1 and profitability with 88.4%. Nutrient concentration in T4 leaves with sulfur, molybdenum, manganese, copper, zinc, and boron. Anthocyanin concentration T2 with 364.62 mg/100 g and stomatal density T1 with 460 stomata/mm2. He concluded that the appropriate dose (T4) significantly stood out in anthocyanin concentration and yield. This dose provided nutrients to the soil that improved availability for greater absorption by the plant, which influenced higher nutrient concentration and an adequate number of stomata in the leaves. These biochemical characteristics optimized the reactions of photosynthesis, carbohydrate formation, and translocation and increased anthocyanin synthesis. Resulting in a strengthening against nutritional and environmental stress, pests, and reactive oxygen species (ROS).</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e295314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of N-(1-ethynylcyclohexyl)amide of O,O-diethyl-phosphoric acid as a growth stimulant for vegetable crops.","authors":"A B Kuandykova, B Zh Dzhiembaev, B M Diyarova, N O Akimbayeva, N A Zhumanova","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.295653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.295653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examines the effect of N-(1-ethynylcyclohexyl)amide O,O-diethylphosphoric acid (BA-4) on seed germination, growth and yield of the agricultural crops (carrot, beetroot, potato). As a result, seed germination in the concentrations of 0.001 and 0.0001% of BA-4 has increased by 7.0 and 19.0%, compared to the control. The results of the laboratory studies have shown that the treatment of with the BA-4 (0.0001% solution) has increased the seed germination energy by 11.0 and 17.0%, respectively. The HAU standard (0.06%) has increased the germination energy by 9.0% and germination by 10.0%. The results of the laboratory studies have shown that the use of BA-4 for treating the tubers has increased the number of awakened buds by 43.0% (0.001%) and 60.0% (0.0001%), compared to the control. When using BA-4 in the concentration of 0.001%, the carrot yield has increased by 3.5 t/ha or 15.9%, and in the concentration of 0.0001% - by 5.0 t/ha or 22.7%. When beetroot seeds were treated with the BA-4 preparation at a 0.0001% concentration, the yield increase compared to the control was 6.3 t/ha or 24.2%. The potato yield has increased from the use of BA-4 in concentration of 0.001% by 4.3 t/ha or 18.9%, compared to the control; in the concentration of 0.0001% - by 7.3 t/ha or 32.2%. The achieved results of increasing the yield of BA-4 are an effective stimulation of plant growth and development, contribute to an increase in the yield and ensure the compliance with the agricultural crop indicators.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e295653"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated assessment of sustainability indicators for recreational fishing of the Middle Negro River, Brazilian Amazon.","authors":"C Lubich, F Siqueira-Souza, C Freitas","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.297005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.297005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sustainability of recreational fishing in the Middle Negro River, in the Brazilian Amazon, was evaluated using 26 indicators representing five evaluation fields (ecological sustainability, economic sustainability, fishing experience, management performance and social sustainability). The method employs a restricted multidimensional scale ordering technique and uncertainty is expressed through a Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity using leverage analysis. The results of this study indicate that the overall performance of recreational fishing in the Middle Negro River, according to the perspectives of the five actors studied, was considered \"less than satisfactory\", indicating the need for measures to improve all the dimensions evaluated, especially management performance and ecological sustainability. The creation of an integrated management plan, which involves all the actors involved in recreational fishing, is essential, and should focus on ecological sustainability and management performance. This instrument should have frequent data collection, aiming at monitoring the activity as a condition for the sustainability of fishery resources in the medium and long term. The evaluation approach used also proved suitable for contexts with limited data availability, as is often the case in developing countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e297005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated study of indigenous people' local ecological knowledge and diet analysis to understand the feeding ecology of the herbivorous serrasalmids in a dammed Amazonian River.","authors":"A L P Santos, M Ândrade, C C Carneiro, F C Nazaré, G Juruna, A Juruna, J C B Pezzuti","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.282304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.282304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Xingu River is facing impacts from the recently built Belo Monte Hydropower Plant (HPP), which is jeopardizing the pacus (herbivorous fish of the family Serrasalmidae and primary food source for the Yudjá people) derived from the Big Bend of Xingu (BBX). Part of the water volume in the BBX was redirected to an artificial canal as part of the Belo Monte HPP project. Thus, this study aims to analyze the trophic ecology of pacus through diet analysis and the Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) of the Yudjá people using a qualitative-quantitative approach on the diet of those fish and check potential changes in fish welfare (mass/total legth3) in the BBX after the construction of the Belo Monte HPP. Overall, 133 specimens of eight herbivorous serrasalmid species were sampled after the damming, and previous data on 107 fish specimens of five species were gathered from landings. Terrestrial plants, fruits, and aquatic plants have the highest dietary importance for these fish, indicating the great importance of floodplains and rapids for herbivorous serrasalmids. Well-being, body size, and total mass show that these fish are already being negatively affected by the damming. The Yudjá are thus already feeling these impacts. The current water flow in the BBX is meagre for fish maintenance, and consequently, for the Yudjá people in BBX. Therefore, the amount of water flow to the BBX needs revision to avoid irreversible impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e282304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of essential oils from plants of the Cerrado and southern Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.","authors":"J A Avanci-Júnior, M F Silva, K F D P Santos, N C Yoshida, É L Santos, Z R Guterres, J G Gouveia, D Bogo","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.292601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.292601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer represents a major public health concern, and the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants has been extensively studied as an alternative approach for its treatment. This study evaluated the genotoxic, cytotoxic properties, and selectivity of essential oils from native plants of the Brazilian Cerrado and Pantanal: Cymbopogon citratus, Endlicheria paniculata, Matayba guianensis, and Siparuna guianensis. These species, popular in traditional medicine, were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of skin (B16-F10), breast (MCF-7), and brain (U251) cancer cells, to assess selective tumor toxicity. The essential oils were analyzed for their cytotoxicity, evaluating their capacity to inhibit cell growth in cancer and normal lines, such as murine fibroblasts (NIH/3T3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Among the oils tested, Matayba guianensis exhibited significant activity against all cancer cell lines studied, while Siparuna. guianensis showed strong inhibitory action on brain cancer cells. Endlicheria paniculata displayed cytotoxicity in both tumor and normal cells, whereas Cymbopogon citratus was toxic only to normal cells. This profile was investigated to assess the oils' ability to preferentially target cancer cells, with Siparuna. guianensis notably displaying high selectivity for brain and breast cancer cells, suggesting safer potential use. Genotoxicity analysis indicated that Siparuna guianensis essential oil lacks mutagenic effects, suggesting an additional safety profile for therapeutic development. Based on these results, Matayba guianensis and Siparuna guianensis oils show promise as anticancer agents, demonstrating selective activity and potential for future therapeutic strategies aimed at cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e292601"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}