Brazilian Journal of Biology最新文献

{"title":"Enzyme activity and morphological changes in corn hybrids inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense via seed treatment and leaf.","authors":"T M Müller, L A Tabaldi, G M Fipke, V S Cunha, L P Ribeiro, T N Martin","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.288948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.288948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants possess a defense system for minimizing the stresses caused by nutrient deficiencies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the enzymatic and morphological changes in corn hybrids inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design comprising six corn hybrids inoculated with A. brasilense via a seed treatment and a leaf application during the V2 stage. The following hybrids were used: AG9045, AG8025, AG2040, Feroz, BG7051, and BG7060. The biochemical variables were lipid peroxidation, the activity of the superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, and nitrate reductase (NR) enzymes and the level of total chlorophyll and carotenoids. Were analyzed in the shoots and in the roots, along with the following morphological variables: the leaf area (LA); shoot dry weight; and the length, projected area, surface area, diameter, volume, number of branches, and dry weight of roots. For the shoots, the greatest activity of SOD occurred in BG7060 when A. brasilense was applied during the V2 stage, which prevented damage to the membrane lipids. The NR activity of the shoots was greater for the control than for the bacterial treatments, with the presence of the bacterium reducing the activity of this enzyme. The bacterium showed efficiency for the variables root projected area and surface area in the AG8025 and AG2040 hybrids. Thus, the hybrids behave differently in the presence of the bacterium, which positively affects the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and increases the root system and LA of the plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e288948"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subacute toxicity of Chrozophora Tinctoria extract: biochemical and histopathological changes in rats.","authors":"N F AlAhmady, M G Al-Mutary, H A Alqahtani, N K Alaqeel, F M Alkhulaifi, A A Al-Eidan, A F Almousa, R A Aldahhan, N Abutaha, A Ammari, A R Alhimaidi","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.290065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.290065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing use of medicinal plants in traditional and modern therapies necessitates thorough toxicological evaluations to ensure their safety. Chrozophora genus includes 7-8 species that belong to the Euphorbiaceae family, distributed in Pakistan, India, West Africa, and the Mediterranean with four species found in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This study evaluates the subacute toxicity of the ethyl acetate extract (EtOAcE) of Chrozophora tinctoria in male and female rats. Over 14 days, rats were daily administered the extract at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg. Mortality was observed at a rate of one rat per group. Female rats showed a significant reduction in body weight, while organ weights remained unaffected. Kidney function tests revealed significant increases in bilirubin and creatinine levels in male rats at 200 mg, and uric acid levels in female rats at the same dosage. Liver enzyme analysis indicated significant elevations in ALP, ALT, and GGT levels in both sexes at various dosages. Glucose levels increased significantly in female rats at 200 mg/kg, with no significant changes in cortisol levels in either sex. Histopathological examinations demonstrated notable abnormalities in liver, kidney, spleen, and small intestine tissues. These data demonstrate the essentiality of careful evaluation and monitoring when considering C. tinctoria for medicinal use, highlighting the need for further studies on its long-term safety and therapeutic index.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e290065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Azospirillum brasilense, urease inhibitor, and sulfur contributes on initial growth of wheat.","authors":"K A M Inacio, M C Abreu, T C C Oliveira, C C Santos, F E Wagner, M Mauad","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.289479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.289479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an annual crop with potential for cultivation expansion, requiring nutritional management that can favor the nitrogen use efficient and plant growth. We aimed to evaluate the initial growth of wheat in function of different nitrogen fertilization management, without or with Azospirillum brasilense and sulfur. The treatments consisted of the following management: CK (without cover fertilization), urea, urea with urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), urea NBPT (80%) + ammonium sulfate (20%), without cover fertilizer + A. brasilense, urea + A. brasilense, urea NBPT + A. brasilense, and urea NBPT (80%) + ammonium sulfate (20%) + A. brasilense. Nutritional management contributed to phenotypic responses to shoot of the plants and culm diameter, especially compared to CK plants. Plants with NBPT + sulfur, without and with A. brasilense showed a higher chlorophyll index. CK plants and those only with A. brasilense had a lower number of tillers and numerically the shoot dry mass. Nutritional management with A. brasilense, urease inhibitor and sulfur contributed to the initial growth of wheat plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e289479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Halophytes: nutrients, bioactive compounds, chemical characterization and potential applications.","authors":"A K Q C B Machado, S G F Medeiros, D Bogo, F A P Maniçoba, L F Santana, K F D P Santos, R S Vieira, E A Salomão, M A Palhares, V A Nascimento, P A Hiane, K C Freitas, J R Donadon, P R H O Bastos, R C A Guimarães","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.287593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.287593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Halophytes are plants adapted to saline soils found in a diversity of environments with varied climatic conditions and high salinity, developing different strategies to complete their life cycle. Their ecological, morphological, physiological and biochemical adaptations allow resistance to the abiotic stresses suffered and the formation of bioactive compounds that give these plants anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, antiviral and antioxidant potential properties. Therefore, this study aimed to compile its different biological activities, its nutritional compounds, potential applications for pharmaceutical and food industries, its biotechnological use. Halophytes have vast potential for pharmaceutical industries, as well as being a sustainable alternative in production of animal feed and a viable possibility for replacing the use of table salt and its various applications in human nutrition. It is necessary to invest in new and diversified research highlighted in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e287593"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin application affects gas exchange, growth, and yield of soybean plants.","authors":"V C D Alves, E P Vendruscolo, S F Lima, L M Ferreira, B L Q Ribeiro, I E M Menezes, R C B Nunes","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.290401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.290401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of biostimulants in agriculture has been used to increase crop yield. This study evaluated the effects of exogenous application of thiamine and nicotinamide on soybean plants. The experiment was conducted in Cassilândia, MS. The randomized blocks design with 5 treatments and 8 replications was used. The treatments consisted of concentrations of nicotinamide and thiamine at 0, 50, and 100 mg L-1 of water, applied exogenously when the plants were at the V3 stage. Gas exchange, number of grains per pod, number of pods, and grain yield were assessed. Plant height was increased by applying vitamins, with all treatments outperforming the control. The application of nicotinamide or thiamine at doses between 50 and 100 mg L-1 favors the development and grain yield of soybean plants, making it possible to use them as a biostimulant.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e290401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Annona deceptrix (Westra) H. Rainer an endemic and endangered species of Ecuador.","authors":"M Pinoargote-Chang, G A Correa-Londoño, D Segovia-Cedeño, J P Arias-Echeverri","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.287825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.287825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Annona deceptrix (Westra) H. Rainer belongs to the Annonaceae family which is known to have bioactivities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflamatory, pesticide, among others. A. deceptrix ethanolic seed and leaf extracts obtained by three extraction methods (Soxhlet, ultrasound, and maceration) were tested for phytochemical and antioxidant activities. Phytochemical screening of plant extracts revealed the presence of catechins, triterpenes, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, amino acids, cardiac glycosides, anthocyanidins, reducing sugars, and saponins. Quantitative determination of total phenolic, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities of extracts was carried out using colorimetric methods. The highest total phenolic content was 58.14 and 54.08 mg GAE/g DW for Soxhlet extracts from leaves and seeds, respectively. The highest total flavonoid content was 5.03 and 4.42 mg QE/ g DW for macerated and ultrasound-assisted extracts from leaves, respectively. Antioxidant activity by the DPPH method was 196.07 and 146.53 μmol TE/g DW for Soxhlet extracts from seeds and leaves, respectively, and by the ABTS method was 582.68 and 580.40 μmol TE/g DW for Soxhlet and macerated extracts from leaves, respectively. Further research is needed to optimize the use of such bioactive compounds produced by Annona deceptrix and apply their biological activities in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, or agrochemical industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e287825"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedative protocols for the restraint of coatis (Nasua nasua) for management and monitoring.","authors":"M Marangoni, V E Mamgue, A G Felichak, M T Lemes, A L R Marques, M S P Bellucci, C M Parola, P H Braz","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.289172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.289172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coatis (Nasua nasua) are medium-sized mammals of the family Procyonidae, native of South America, characterized by an elongated nose and a long tail with alternating light and dark rings. The Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) plays a crucial role in preserving this and other species within the Iguaçu National Park, where animal capture for tracking, data collection, and medical interventions is performed. In this context, ensuring an effective sedation method is critical. This study aimed to compare the effects of two sedation protocols (dexmedetomidine-ketamine and tiletamine-zolazepam) in coatis, assessing their efficacy and safety. Fourteen free-ranging South American Coatis (Nasua nasua) were captured and randomly assigned for sedation with dexmedetomidine-ketamine (6.0 µg kg-1 and 15 mg kg-1, respectively; group DK) or with tiletamine-zolazepam (7.0 mg kg-1; group TZ) administered in the semimembranosus muscle of the pelvic limb. Physiological variables, such as heart rate, respiratory rate, noninvasive systolic arterial pressure, hemoglobin oxygen saturation, and rectal temperature, were recorded every five minutes since the application. The duration of sedation and quality of recovery was evaluated. Atipamezole was administered for reversal when considered necessary. Data analysis was performed using the t test. Significance was set at p<0.05. In this study, no cases of regurgitation or vomit were observed. The results indicated significant differences in the heart rates between the groups, with group DK exhibiting lower values than group TZ. The average duration of sedation varied between groups, with animals in the group DK exhibiting an average sedation duration of 15 minutes, while animals in group TZ averaged 30 minutes. Notably, only one animal in group DK did not necessitate a new medication dose, while two required reversal. The tiletamine-zolazepam protocol demonstrated superior sedative efficacy in coatis compared to the dexmedetomidine-ketamine protocol, exhibiting enhanced maintenance of physiological parameters, prolonged sedation duration and improved recovery outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e289172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Education and water consumption in homes in rural areas.","authors":"R Yaulilahua-Huacho, J L Huere-Peña, C Dueñas-Jurado, L A Sumarriva-Bustinza, C Castañeda-Campos, J L Gave-Chagua, E J Ccente-Chancha, M A Martínez-Cáceres, J C Ayuque-Rojas, M Castrejon-Valdez, N L Chávez Sumarriva","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.288356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.288356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water is a basic resource for the survival of human beings, however, not everyone has access to this resource and they look for ways to survive under unfavorable conditions; for this purpose, environmental education focused on water safety consumption is fundamental to improve their habits. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention in homes in rural areas that lack access to drinking water and is supplied by surface wells. A pre-experimental quantitative methodology was used that involves three stages: diagnosis, educational intervention and evaluation. The results showed that the educational intervention had significant changes in knowledge and water safety consumption habits (p < 0.001), furthermore learning persisted after the educational intervention and habits continued to improve; also, it was identified that there were no significant differences in gender and educational level. It is concluded that implementing short-term environmental education programmes contributes to bringing about change in vulnerable populations that do not have access to safe drinking water.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e288356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic fertilization strategies and use of Trichoderma in the agronomic performance of green maize.","authors":"L S Nascimento, F D B Silva, R S Nogueira, S Na Cia, H M A Sousa, G G Sousa, H C Sousa, J G L Moraes, J F Ribeiro, G F Goes, D J G Lopes, M J Cabral","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.287513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.287513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is scientific evidence that Trichoderma positively influences the uptake of soil nutrients by plants, which is essential for the development of more efficient organic fertilization strategies in green maize. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the efficiency of applying Trichoderma with organic fertilization strategies on the growth and productivity of green . The experiment was conducted at the Piroás Experimental Farm, belonging to the Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), located in the municipality of Redenção, Ceará. A randomized complete block design was used with six treatments (T1 - control; T2 - 50% of the cattle manure dose + green manure; T3 - 100% of the cattle manure dose; T4 - Trichoderma + 50% of the cattle manure dose + green manure; T5 - Trichoderma + 25% of the cattle manure dose + green manure; T6 - Trichoderma) and four replications. The combination of Trichoderma with a 50% reduction in the cattle manure dose plus green manure had a positive effect on plant growth, especially in total plant dry mass, when compared to the isolated use of the microorganism. This same combination provided a yield similar to the treatment with the maximum dose of cattle manure. The use of Trichoderma in green maize production was effective in reducing the cattle manure dose by up to 50%, impacting vegetative growth and green maize production when combined with green manure.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e287513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging artificial neural networks for optimizing Cinnamomum Sintoc essential oil production in Mount Ciremai.","authors":"A Y Ismail, A Nurlaila, S A Andayani, M F Nainggolan","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.29036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.29036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cinnamomum sintoc is a plant renowned for its production of high-quality essential oils. This study assessed the essential oil content in C. sintoc based on its morphological characteristics, environmental conditions, and soil nutrient composition. A mixed-methods approach was employed, with observational data collected from the Mount Ciremai National Park and analytical data obtained from soil laboratory tests. To analyze the data, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), specifically ANFIS and MICMAC, were utilized for tasks such as pattern recognition, classification, and prediction. The results indicated that both environmental conditions and C. sintoc morphology have a direct influence on essential oil content, with soil nutrients identified as the most significant factor. The ANFIS analysis, with a prediction accuracy of 96%, identified the optimal nutrient levels for essential oil production: C/N ratio greater than 9, Mg at 0.5, C-organic above 6, N-total at 0.7, K at 0.6, P2O5 between 5 and 9, Ca below 5, and soil pH at 5.5. These findings suggest that the guidelines developed through ANFIS can be further refined into practical rules for optimizing the utilization of C. sintoc plants, potentially improving efficiency in essential oil production.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e290363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}