Brazilian Journal of Biology最新文献

{"title":"Orizalin-induced polyploidy in Capsicum annuum L.: stress-responsive proteins and breeding potential.","authors":"W S Sales, M M Rêgo, J K P Araújo, A M S Santos, F B Martins, J A M Lima, J M S Barbosa, S T P Silva, C A L Santos, E R Rêgo","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.294803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.294803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial polyploidization using β-tubulin depolymerizing agents like oryzalin represents a promising strategy for increasing genetic diversity in plant breeding programs. This study investigates the efficacy of oryzalin in inducing polyploidy in ornamental Capsicum annuum L., focusing on morphological, anatomical, cytogenetic, and molecular changes that support plant survival under toxic stress. Seeds from three genotypes (UFPB-001, UFPB-004, and Floribela) were subjected to varying oryzalin concentrations and exposure durations. While higher concentrations reduced survival rates, no lethal dose was observed, indicating lower phytotoxicity compared to colchicine. Molecular docking simulations revealed interactions between oryzalin and stress-related proteins 5YJS and 1SM4, suggesting the activation of defense mechanisms. Cytogenetic analysis confirmed polyploid induction in three plants, with rates of 25.0%, 33.3%, and 50.0% in UFPB-001, Floribela, and UFPB-004, respectively. Polyploid plants exhibited larger, thicker leaves, altered stomatal density, and increased chloroplasts per guard cell. These findings establish oryzalin as a potent polyploidy inducer, with potential applications in Capsicum breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e294803"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chrysopidae, Coccinellidae and Syrphidae in a Pinus taeda plantation, infested by Cinara atlantica (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in the Atlantic Forest biome.","authors":"N C Oliveira, R S Camargo, C F Wilcken, J Cola Zanuncio, P J Ferreira Filho, A A Moreira, M A Castellani, C A O Matos","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.296634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.296634","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e296634"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the anatomical structure of stems of dwarf and semi-dwarf cherry rootstocks grown in Uzbekistan.","authors":"Z A Abdikayumov, K C Buriyev, G M Duschanova, U K Turakulov","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.296159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.296159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stone fruit crops are of great importance for the agriculture of a country. The method of comparative anatomy is successfully used to resolve controversial issues of taxonomy and phylogeny. Anatomical features, due to their relative conservatism, make it possible to more reasonably judge the relationship of certain taxa. The aim of the research is to study the anatomy structure of the dwarf and semi-dwarf cherry rootstocks stem in order to identify structural features and adaptive features of the rootstocks under study. Anatomical features are of great importance in the environmental characterization of plums and varieties of the main cultivated species. Based on the results obtained, the following features prevail in dwarf cherry rootstocks Gisella-5 and VSL-2 and Colt semi-dwarf cherry rootstocks: large stem diameter, extensive wood-bast complex libriform and core, the smallest vessels and parenchymal cells. This is important not only for the correct assessment of the adaptive potential of varieties and their distribution by zones, but also for understanding the process of modern species formation, the main directions of the evolutionary process, since the formation of species proceeded on the basis of their ecological differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e296159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial effect of geraniol against strains of Enterobacter cloacae isolated from meat products.","authors":"M M Simões, J H A Farias, B Santos, M A A Medeiros, M S Alves, F M C Marques, C T Pereira, D R Silva, J O Lemos, G N Alves, J L L Martins, S W F Vieira, L A Ramalho, L A D M Medeiros, G M T Guênes, A A Oliveira-Filho","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.294830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.294830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The One Health concept in veterinary medicine helps to understand the connections between animals, people and the environment. In addition, it promotes policies and research initiatives to combat antibacterial resistance. Plants can be considered an appropriate source for drugs and act as adjuvants or modifiers of bacterial resistance. Among these, the species Cymbopogon martinii stands out, which has geraniol as its main constituent. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial action of geraniol against strains of Enterobacter cloacae contaminating food. Therefore, the pharmacological tests were performed based on the determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), by the broth microdilution technique, in addition to the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Adhesion (MIC), by the tube technique, as well as the study of the association of the product (geraniol) with synthetic antibacterials, by means of the disk diffusion technique. Therefore, it was found that geraniol had a significant inhibitory effect against the growth of different strains of E. cloacae, with a MIC50 value equal to 500 μg/mL. In addition, it had a bactericidal action for 3 of the 5 strains analyzed, with a MBC value of 1000 and 500 μg/mL. Regarding the effect of the association of geraniol with synthetic antimicrobials, a higher percentage of synergism was observed when associated with ampicillin and gentamicin. In addition, it was observed that, in the proportions used, both geraniol and the positive control presented antiadherent effects against the studied strain. In this sense, the compound demonstrated an antibacterial potential against food-borne E. cloacae strains, and further in-depth studies are necessary to explore its effect, so that the compound can be used alone or associated with synthetic antimicrobials to combat bacteria pathogenic to humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e294830"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytogenetic and pollen analysis in Passiflora triloba (Passifloraceae).","authors":"A M Oliveira, M M Souza, C A F Melo, G S Silva, M P Lavinscky, R C T Moreira","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.292529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.292529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Passiflora species are prized and grown as ornamental plants due to their stunning blooms. P. triloba has a unique petal count within the genus and remarkable flowers. To obtain cytogenetic and pollen data for this wild species, the following were performed: (i) karyotype and CMA3/DAPI banding; (ii) meiotic and post-meiotic analyses; (iii) pollen viability and in vitro pollen germination; and (iv) in vivo pollination. The species is diploid, with 2n = 2x = 18, and n = 9. The karyotype showed only metacentric chromosomes and CMA+ and DAPI- blocks in all centromeres and in the terminal regions of two chromosome pairs, indicating two pairs of satellites. Meiotic analysis revealed a low percentage of irregularities such as early and lagging chromosomes, asynchrony, and transverse spindle fibers. There was a predominance of interstitial chiasmata with a recombination index of 18.88. In the post-meiotic analysis, few irregularities such as dyads and triads were found, and the meiotic index was 99.08%. Pollen viability was 80.54%, but non-viable pollen grains were also observed with contracted cytoplasm (0.38%), empty (9.9%), pulverized (8.44%), and micrograin (0.64%), while 31.88% of pollen grains emitted pollen tubes after in vitro germination testing. Pollen tube emission and fertilization occurred within 2 hours of in vivo pollination. The cytogenetic and pollen analyses in this study indicate that P. triloba has the chromosome number typical of the Passiflora subgenus, regular meiotic behavior, high pollen viability, and the ability to emit pollen tubes and achieve fertilization, supporting its potential use in interspecific hybridization.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e292529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rate of washout and formation of the humus horizon in the eroded soils of the agro-landscapes of the forest-steppe and steppe zones in the European part of Russia.","authors":"B A Borisov, O E Efimov, O V Eliseeva, A A Prokhorov","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.290366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.290366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Erosion is one of the most common factors of soil degradation. There are various ways to estimate the maximum erosion rate at which a high level of crop productivity is maintained. In this paper, the permissible erosion rate is proposed to be estimated by comparing the ratio of humic acid carbon to fulvic acid carbon (CHA/CFA) in non-eroded soils and in their eroded analogues. When the values of the CHA/CFA ratio in similar eroded and non-eroded soils are similar, it can be assumed that the erosion rate approximately corresponds to the humus formation rate. The study of arable zonal soils of the European part of Russia: dark gray forest soil (Haplic Greyzems) of the northern part of the forest-steppe zone; leached chernozem (Haplic Chernozems) of the forest-steppe zone; southern chernozem (Calcic-Glossie Chernozems) of the steppe zone and chestnut soil (Haplic Kastanozems) of the dry steppe zone and their moderately eroded analogues showed that in the moderately eroded dark gray forest soil and leached chernozem there was a more pronounced decrease in the CHA/CFA ratio compared with non-eroded analogues than in ordinary chernozem and chestnut soil, which suggests that in eroded dark gray forest soil and leached chernozem, the erosion rate significantly exceeded the humus formation rate compared with southern chernozem and chestnut soil. This assumption is also confirmed by a more significant decrease in the content of the light fraction of organic matter and a deterioration in the aggregate state and density as a result of water erosion in dark gray forest soils and leached chernozems than in southern chernozems and chestnut soils. The proposed approach enables to compare the erosion rate and the soil formation rate and assess the danger of erosion processes for specific areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e290366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a simple bioassay to assess repellents against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): investigating stimuli sources and exposure duration on mosquito behavior.","authors":"A N Santos, A A E Silva","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.293116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.293116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Repellents are effective in preventing mosquito contact with the skin and in vitro test modules are widely used in the research of potential repellents against mosquito bites. This study evaluated different stimuli and exposure times to develop a new cost-effective bioassay protocol to test repellents against Aedes aegypti. The test module was designed to present different source of stimuli, i.e. human blood, artificial blood meal (SkitoSnack), and human forearm (standard stimulus) and exposure times, i.e., 2, 5, and 10 min. Ten females were introduced in the module, i.e., 480 mL polypropylene adapted cage, and the number of landings and engorgements on stimuli sources was recorded. Subsequently, the Complete Protection Time (CPT) of DEET was evaluated. A. aegypti mosquitoes consistently landed on the module, with an average of 4.3 mosquitoes in the first min, 5.3 in the second min, and 6.5 in the third min, after which the number decreased after eight min. Similarly, engorgement increased from 3.0 mosquitoes after two min to 7.7 mosquitoes after ten min, across all tested conditions, regardless of the stimulus source. However, prolonged exposure to the stimuli led to an increase in both landings and feedings. The CPT of DEET when using alternative stimulus sources (≈ 48 min) differed from that of the human source (75 min), yet both demonstrated similar antifeeding outcomes. Additionally, both SkitoSnack and blood, when offered through an artificial feeder with a 5-min exposure time, are effective for use in experiments with our module for repellent testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e293116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of gall-associated insects in the Melastomataceae family.","authors":"M V Santana, V P Lima, D C Calado","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.293947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.293947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although research on gall-associated insects has increased in recent years in Brazil, little is known about this fauna in the Melastomataceae family. Here, we compiled information on the fauna of insects associated with galls induced in species of the Melastomataceae in different Brazilian biomes. Scientific articles on the fauna associated with galls were obtained through the \"Web of Science\" database. Further, data on associated fauna obtained from the inventories were analyzed and compiled into dynamic tables. To investigate the relationship of inducers with host plants, we performed a network analysis using the 'igraph' R package. We observed 100 insect galls in Melastomataceae, of which only 32 host plant species were identified to the species level and had associated fauna present. The largest number of insect galls was found in the Atlantic Forest (73%) or in Atlantic Forest and Cerrado transition areas (18%). About 52% of the insects belong to the family Cecidomyiidae and 37% of the insects to the order Lepidoptera. Insects belonging to the family Cecidomyiidae induced galls on the following genera Miconia Ruiz and Pav., Tibouchina Aubl. and Leandra Raddi. Besides inducing galls on these same genera, insects of the order Lepidoptera induced galls exclusively on Maieta guianensis Aubl. In short, we found that taxonomic knowledge of the fauna associated with galls in Melastomataceae is very incipient, the distribution of the fauna associated with galls in Brazil is restricted to regions with the presence of specialists in the group.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e293947"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trophic ecology and condition factor of two sympatric species of Hemigrammus from a stream of the Negro River Basin, Brazilian Amazon.","authors":"M Garrido, C Lubich, K C Yamamoto","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.292891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.292891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the diet and condition factor of Hemigrammus levis and Hemigrammus coeruleus in a stream in the Tupé Sustainable Development Reserve, in the lower Negro River region, and contribute information on the biology of small species of fish. Ecological aspects, such as food composition, prey use and availability, fractional trophic level, trophic niche amplitude, food overlap and condition factor, were analyzed. The collections took place during the high-water period in December 2019 and January 2020, using sieves and hand nets. The captured specimens were taken to the Ichthyology Laboratory at UFAM for analysis. The results showed that both species mainly consume insects (H. levis: alimentary index AIi%> 90%; H. coeruleus: alimentary index AIi%>50%), with a preference for similar food items. The analysis of food overlap indicated low competition for resources, suggesting a harmonious coexistence between the two species. H. levis presented a specialized diet and feeds on insects, while H. coeruleus has a more generalist diet. The relative condition factor (Kn) close to 1 suggests that both species had an excellent state of well-being. This information is valuable for monitoring ecosystems, since changes in the diet of species can indicate environmental changes or impacts caused by human activities. In addition, the information demonstrates that management practices that preserve the adjacent forest are necessary, as it provides allochthonous food for aquatic fauna and is therefore essential to ensure the survival of the species.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e292891"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relations of habitat integrity and spatial structure on the Gerromorpha community (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in streams under the influence of protected area in Oriental Amazon.","authors":"M F Freitas, E S Lima, K Silva, I S Costa, A C Leal-Nascimento, K Dias-Silva","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.293768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.293768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The community of semiaquatic insects (Gerromorpha) is related to forest cover and habitat integrity, as well as spatial factors such as the distance between streams. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the effect of spatial structure and habitat integrity (HII) on the composition, abundance and richness of Gerromorpha in streams across an environmental gradient inside and outside the Floresta Nacional de Carajás (FLONA Carajás). Our hypotheses: i) habitat integrity has a positive effect on the richness and abundance of Gerromorpha, since the availability of resources provides the existence of a greater number of species and consequently a greater abundance and richness of these species; ii) species composition is structured by habitat integrity, considering that preserved sites provide better conditions for the coexistence of specialist species or rare species; iii) the composition of Gerromorpha will be structured by the distance between streams (as some species may have dispersal limitations). Sampling was conducted in 10 streams (five inside of a protected area and five around protected areas). To determine habitat integrity, we used the Habitat Integrity Index (HII). For data analysis, we used linear models to test the effect of HII on richness and abundance. Finally, we used db-RDA to test for differences in species composition in relation to HII and spatial structure. Our results richness and abundance are not influenced by HII not corroborating our hypotheses. Furthermore, our results showed that the species composition of Gerromorpha is influenced only by spatial structure, and not for HII, confirming our hypothesis. This lack of differences can be attributed to the small variation in HII between the streams sampled. Our findings highlight the importance of spatial structure for the composition of Gerromorpha species and of the forest for maintaining habitat integrity and aquatic biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e293768"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}