Brazilian Journal of Biology最新文献

{"title":"Qualitative determination of tetracycline residues in bovine meat at the level of the municipal slaughterhouse of Santa Rosa Canton, Oro province, Ecuador.","authors":"M V F Blacio, M G M Mora, N S T Santillán, J Llivi-Marcatoma, N E A Rivera, H J V Caiminagua, L Cabezas Andrade, S A G Rivera","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.295997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.295997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of antibiotic residues in bovine meat is a significant public health concern, particularly in regions with limited regulation of veterinary drug usage. Tetracyclines, commonly used in cattle for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, can persist in edible tissues if withdrawal periods are not properly observed. This study aimed to qualitatively determine the presence of tetracycline residues in bovine meat from the municipal slaughterhouse of Santa Rosa Canton, El Oro Province, Ecuador. A total of 74 meat samples were collected from the neck muscle of slaughtered cattle. The samples were analyzed using the SmarKit Rapid Test, a qualitative immunoassay designed to detect oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and chlortetracycline residues. Data regarding the age, sex, and origin of the animals were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS v.9.4, applying descriptive statistics and a Chi-square test to evaluate associations between residue presence and animal variables. Of the 74 samples analyzed, 24 (32.4%) tested positive for tetracycline residues. A significant association was observed between the age of the animals and the presence of residues (P < 0.05), with younger cattle showing higher prevalence rates. No significant correlations were found between residue presence and the sex or origin of the animals. The results highlight gaps in adherence to withdrawal periods and the potential risks to public health from consuming contaminated meat. In conclusions, this study underscores the need for improved veterinary oversight and education for producers on the responsible use of antibiotics in cattle. Additionally, implementing routine screening methods like SmarKit in slaughterhouses can enhance food safety monitoring. Addressing these issues is critical for reducing public health risks and promoting sustainable livestock practices in Ecuador.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e295997"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic effect of Lactococcus lactis genetically modified in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases in mice: a systematic review.","authors":"T Rizzi, P Q Costa, F M Delpino, T R Flores, S Pieniz","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.289047","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.289047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic effect of the lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in mice through a systematic literature review. A literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Library and PubMed databases to evaluate the effect of the lactic acid bacterium L. lactis in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in mice using the descriptors: L. lactis, inflammatory bowel disease, prevention, treatment, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and lactic acid bacteria. A total of 3,320 articles were found, of which only six were included in the review. The results suggest that lactic acid bacteria such as L. lactis may be helpful in the treatment and intestinal modulation of animals exhibiting characteristic signs and symptoms of diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e289047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of D-dimer levels using coagulometer and immuno-nephelometer in Covid-19.","authors":"S Shoukat, E N G Turchan, T I Budhy, J Nugraha, C Cyuzuzo","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.291318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.291318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Covid is one of the most lethal viruses in the human respiratory system. Previous outbreaks of Covid19 include a severe respiratory problem (SARS) Cov2 and the Middle East (MERS) respiratory syndrome has recently been identified as one of the most serious health risks. D-dimer is a result of fibrin depletion which increases during a large thrombotic dose attributed to the selective activation of fibrinolytic structure. Measuring D-dimer levels is important in identifying and assessing risk of blood clots and related conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). This research is of great help to scientists working with new and high standard methods such as Immuno-nephelometer and Coagulometer and the diagnostics machines. Plasma D-dimer levels have demonstrated potential as a prognostic indicator for outcomes in COVID-19 patients. This research aimed to compare D-dimer levels among Covid-19 infected patients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital using a Coagulometer with an Immuno-Nephelometer. Chest X-rays were performed to confirm active Covid-19 infections and blood samples were collected and centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 15 minutes to get plasma. The plasmas were analyzed using immune-nephelometer and coagulometer diagnostic analyzers. The table showed high levels of D-Dimer which were obtained through analyzers which show the mean and median. The examination and the inflammation were worst, and the chest X-ray showed that shortness of breath became severe. This Study is to make a comparison between CS2500 and Architecti1000 by using immune-nephelometer and coagulometer because the data was statistically analyzed by using KAPPA KOHEN analysis. The confidence interval of 95% (α =0.05) was employed and the results were considered statistically significant. The correlation between CS2500 and Architecti1000 were tested by Mann-Whitney Test correlation and correlation coefficient (r) equals to 0.5 was considered as a threshold to decide the degree of correlation between variables. The findings showed a significant difference between in the D- dimers obtained by CS2500 and Architect i1000 (p=0.019). The compared levels of D-dimer obtained by using coagulometer with an immuno-nephelometer in Covid-19 patients were higher D-Dimer Levels as compared to the normal patients. There is also a difference between CS2500 and Architect i1000 by using immuno-nephelometer and coagulometer because Coagulometer is the more accurate method than the Immuno-nephelometer.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e291318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nest architecture of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).","authors":"R S Soares, A A Moreira, M A Castellani, L C Forti, R S Camargo, D L Nascimento, C A O Matos, S A Leite, A C P Cardoso, J C Zanuncio, J A Sabattini, N C Oliveira","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.295068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.295068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nests of species of the genus Atta are, structurally, the most complex among those of the Attini tribe. The objective of this research was to describe external and internal characteristics of nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens (L. 1758) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia state, Brazil. Ten nests (N1 to N10) of this ant were selected and their external architecture described according to the loose soil removed from excavations by ant forage workers. The length and width of foraging trails and the distance of their entrance holes to the mound of loose soil in nests of this ant were measured. The internal architecture and the number, shape, dimensions and depth of the internal chambers and tunnels of the N1, N2 and N3 nests, with loose soil areas of 78.02, 8.06 and 4.78 m2, respectively, were described and measured. The nest N1 was excavated without moulding and the N2 and N3 moulded with 5 kg of cement in 10 L of water and subsequently excavated. Trenches, one meter deep, were made before excavation began and widened and deepened until exposing the chambers and tunnels of these nests. The ants deposited loose soil irregularly, forming small mounds around the entrance holes of their nests. Fungus and empty chambers are spherical with twig-like branches. The inner sections of the tunnels are elliptical or circular with different dimensions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e295068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) single nucleotide polymorphisms among hepatitis B virus infected patients of Pakistan origin.","authors":"S Tabassum, U Saeed, R Tahir, Z Khalid, Z Z Piracha, R Uppal, A A Khan, D U Ozsahin, Y Waheed, A J I Ngozi, M Ashraf","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.284560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.284560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HMGB1 is nuclear non-histone protein and unique member of cytokines. In viral hepatitis infection HMGB1 serum level increases and translocates towards cytoplasm and extracellular spaces where it activates single stimulating hepatic stellate cell proliferation which induces fibrogenic protein expression and causes hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, total 150 subjects were recruited to assess the association between HMGB1 SNPs and HBV. Three types of genotypes were found visible in rs3742305 of HMGB1; wild type homozygous GG with 65%, homozygous minor type CC with 6% and heterozygous minor type GC with 26% frequency distribution. High prevalence of GG genotype in the selected population presenting that GG genotype may have higher risk for susceptibility to HBV infection. Our results showed significant correlation of HMGB1 polymorphism with HBV infection in the selected Pakistani population.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e284560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors of Candida species isolated in patients from Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazilian Amazon.","authors":"C B Lovo, I V G Ramos, L D Silva, N C Lopes, R R Durlacher, R S Rodrigues, C C Khuen, E B A Souza, C M Carvalho, N B Matos","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.291553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.291553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Candida species normally colonize the human body in a commensal manner, however, under conditions of immunosuppression or host imbalance, they can cause opportunistic infections, including systemic forms, which are frequently associated with high mortality rates. This study evaluated the antifungal susceptibility profiles and virulence factors of Candida species isolated from patients in Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazilian Amazon. A total of 31 isolates collected between April 2021 and March 2022 at the Medical Mycology Laboratory of the Tropical Medicine Research Center of Rondônia were analyzed. Identification was done by cultivation on CHROMagar and sequencing of the ITS region of rDNA. Susceptibility testing was conducted by the disk diffusion method using fluconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, amphotericin B, and nystatin. Hemolysin and phospholipase activities were also assessed. Most isolates were C. albicans (71%), followed by C. tropicalis (19.4%), C. parapsilosis, C. duobushaemulonii, and Cyberlindnera jadinii (3.2% each). The majority of samples came from sputum (64.5%), followed by skin scales (19.4%) and nails (9.7%). Candidiasis was more frequent in males (51.6%), especially between 40 and 59 years of age, with risk factors including comorbidities (71%), antibiotic use (61.2%), and invasive devices (58%). High resistance rates were observed to fluconazole (86.7%) and itraconazole (80%), with lower resistance to amphotericin B (13.3%) and nystatin (10%). C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis exhibited concerning resistance profiles. All isolates produced hemolysin, while phospholipase activity was detected in C. albicans and C. jadinii. The associated mortality rate was 13%. These data emphasize the importance of local epidemiological surveillance to guide clinical management and prevention of candidiasis in the Amazon region.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e291553"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of agronomic practices on the technological quality of narrow-leaved lupine seeds under northern Kazakhstan conditions.","authors":"S Tyulendinova, N Shestakova, Y Gordeyeva","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.297814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.297814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global shortage of protein in animal feed has increased interest in legume crops due to their high nutritional value. Narrow-Leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is a promising crop for dryland farming, especially in Northern Kazakhstan, thanks to its adaptability and protein-rich seeds. This study aims to evaluate the effects of sowing dates, seeding rates, and seed treatments with plant growth regulators on the productivity and technological quality of lupine seeds. Field experiments were conducted under arid steppe conditions. Three sowing dates (May 5, 10, and 15), three seeding rates (0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 million viable seeds per hectare), and seed treatments with \"Megamix Seeds\" and \"Megamix Phosphorus\" were tested. The highest seed quality and yield were obtained with sowing on May 5 at a rate of 1.0 million viable seeds per hectare. Combined treatment with both growth regulators led to the maximum protein (868 kg/ha) and oil content (315 kg/ha). These results demonstrate the potential of specific agronomic practices to improve seed quality in narrow-leaved lupine and offer a basis for recommendations in dry farming systems of Northern Kazakhstan.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e297814"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal malnutrition and macrophage in Candida albicans infection.","authors":"N G Morais-Coneglian, T B Costa, V R A Pereira, M P Cavalcanti, N N G Morais, A O Souza, C M M B Castro","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.284465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.284465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neonatal malnutrition is an important environmental exposure factor that can influence the development and health of all body systems, including the immune system. The objective was to detect the impacts of malnutrition in critical period of development on the response Candida albicans infection. It was used 24 male rats Wistar. The animals were divided malnourished group (8% protein) or nourished group (17% protein). It was collected alveolar macrophages by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the rats with 90-day-old. Expression levels of the targets were performed using Real-time RT-PCR. It had lower body weights from 5 days of life, until adulthood. Macrophages collected from malnourished animals exhibit a lower expression of the Toll-Like Receptor (TLR-9), interleukin 18 (IL-18) and interleukin 33 (IL-33); however, transcription nuclear kappa B (NF- kB) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) are expressed in systems where there is a challenge with an immunogenic stimulus (Lipopolysaccharide and Candida albicans). Nutritional reduction during the neonatal period has repercussions on body growth and defense mechanisms observed in adult life. The results revealed dysregulation of immune mediators with probable implications for the effector immune response. Thus, the response to Candida albicans was altered for neonatal malnutrition, with a high chance of progressing to tissue damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e284465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lymphopenia as a diagnostic biomarker in clinical COVID-19: insights from a comprehensive study on SARS-CoV-2 variants.","authors":"R Uppal, U Saeed, R Tahir, M R Uppal, A A Khan, C Rahman, M S Uppal, D U Ozsahin, S S Gilani, Y Waheed, Z Z Piracha","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.284362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.284362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The enduring SARS-CoV-2 pandemic necessitates robust tools for severity assessment. This study, conducted at Islamabad Diagnostic Center across Pakistan from January 2021 to August 2022, aimed to investigate hematological abnormalities among suspected SARS-CoV-2 subjects. Initial enrollment included 130,347 cases, with 53,078 confirmed positive and 77,269 negative. An additional 11,786 samples expanded the dataset to 142,133. The Omicron and Centaurus variants, in confirmed positive patients, exhibited a slightly higher frequency of hematological abnormalities (30.42%) than negative participants (27.01%). Notably, lymphocyte count reduction (40.95%) suggested its potential as an alternative diagnostic parameter for clinical COVID-19. Decreased levels of NA (37.99%), HGB (26.17%), MCV (20.60%), PLT (6.15%), and ALB (2.28%) were observed. Abnormally elevated NEU, CR, MONO, RBCs, WBC, and EOS levels affected 26.00%, 24.28%, 30.79%, 22.02%, 6.28%, and 5.53% of subjects, respectively. Comparatively, positive patients exhibited higher abnormal blood parameters-LYMP count (57.40%), NEU count (46.08%), EOS count (62.48%), MONO count (31.61%), RBC count (30.32%), ALC count (43.60%), CR count (30.91%), NA count (40.53%), CRP count (68.46%), and DD (63.08%) than negative counterparts. The study underscores lymphocytopenia's potential as a cost-effective, early diagnostic biomarker for clinical COVID-19, preceding real-time PCR diagnosis. This supports its consideration in resource-limited settings for strategic screening and policy-making in the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 battle.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e284362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of genetic variants in oxidative stress susceptibility and disease risk.","authors":"S U Rehman, J M Ashraf, M M A Beg, H Ahmad, Y S Mohamed, N Apsamatov, A Makambaev, K Osmonaliev","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.292857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.292857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's antioxidant defense mechanisms, is implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Genetic factors play a significant role in determining an individual's susceptibility to oxidative stress and its associated disorders. This review explores the interplay between oxidative stress and genetics, highlighting the influence of genetic polymorphisms in key antioxidant enzymes and pathways such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and the NRF2-KEAP1 signaling axis-on oxidative stress susceptibility. Additionally, the impact of oxidative stress-related genetic variants on the development and progression of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and metabolic syndromes, is discussed. Understanding the complex relationship between oxidative stress and genetics is essential for elucidating disease mechanisms, identifying potential biomarkers, and developing personalized therapeutic interventions targeting oxidative stress-related pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e292857"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}