Brazilian Journal of Biology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of extracts Myrciaria cauliflora in strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC and Staphylococcus aureus BLAC.","authors":"I M M Oliveira, M N Gu Teófilo, M A C Siqueira, J A X Manso, M G Oliveira, G T Blanch, J R Paula, A M Cardoso, M A P Oliveira, L L Borges, C M Gomes","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.286908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.286908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteria of medical interest have increasingly acquired resistance to available antimicrobials over the years. This resistance makes these microorganisms a challenge for conventional medicine treatments, and new research is focusing on herbal medicine to fight these pathogens. The present work aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of Myrciaria cauliflora and Genipa americana extracts, considering an in vitro bacterial inhibition, using a modified antibiogram technique, the extracts were studied in strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Staphylococcus aureus BLAC, where inhibition was observed in the two strains studied by the extract. This study observed that the M. cauliflora bark extract has antimicrobial potential when tested in vitro on S. aureus ATCC 29213 and S. aureus BLAC strains, indicating it is a potential herbal medicine for infections by this pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e286908"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wildlife roadkill hotspots on roads crossing Conservation Units in the State of Sergipe, Brazil.","authors":"D A S Bomfim, C M Melo, R R Madi","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.284807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.284807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Roadkill of wild animals is a significant threat to biodiversity in Brazil, causing numerous animal deaths annually. This study aimed to identify the main locations of roadkill of wild animals on two highways that pass through Conservation Units in the state of Sergipe, Brazil, examining the correlation between roadkill and dry and rainy seasons. From November 2021 to October 2022, 49 surveys were carried out along BR-235, near Serra de Itabaiana National Park, and on the Adil Dantas do Amor Cardoso highway (ADAC), crossing the Mata do Crasto Private Natural Heritage Reserve. The campaigns were carried out on motorcycles, traveling at a speed between 20 and 60 km/h. To identify roadkill points for each highway, Kernel density estimation and species accumulation curves with area extrapolation (Bootstrap) were used, and mortality rates, the 2D K-Ripley test to test the randomness of roadkills and Shannon's diversity index (H'). On BR-235, 63 roadkills were recorded and an average mortality rate of 0.0652 individuals/Km/day, while on the Adil Dantas do Amor Cardoso highway, which has implemented mitigating measures, 15 occurrences were recorded with an average mortality rate of 0.1430 individuals/Km/day. Attraction points generated by the presence of improperly discarded carcasses on BR-235 were also identified. Although not significant, the BR-235 highway showed a positive correlation between precipitation and the frequency of roadkill (rs=0.1426, p=0.5851), while ADAC showed a negative correlation for the same variables (rs=-0.1749, p=0.5675). Understanding the patterns of roadkill and the needs of highways is essential for the development of effective strategies and the establishment of effective mitigation measures, thus minimizing the negative impacts of highways on biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e284807"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the biotechnological applications of Spirulina maxima: a comprehensive review.","authors":"J C Jacuinde-Ruíz, J C González-Hernández","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.287134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.287134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Spirulina maxima algae is a phototrophic, multicellular, filamentous cyanobacteria of greenish blue tones, without ramifications and is characterized mainly by its helical form, thickness of approximately 3 to 12 µm and length of 500 µm; its development depends on factors such as temperature, light intensity, pH, aeration speed, carbon dioxide concentration, carbon source, nitrogen source which determine its chemical composition, which is composed of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, and vitamins; due to this, it is widely used in industries such as food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and energy to obtain different products of great value. This S. maxima review addresses morphological characteristics, growth factors, growth methods, and metabolites of biotechnological interest and biotechnological applications for the S. maxima microalgae. A brief review of the enzyme production capacity of S. maxima and other microalgae is also presented, in addition to mentioning some areas of opportunity to study these and the economic viability of implementing a biorefinery with an integrated approach for the production of biomass and metabolites of biotechnological relevance based on the control of growth variables and the productive and economic efficiency of the process is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e287134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological, clinical, and obstetrical profile of women who used medicinal plants during labor and delivery: a retrospective survey in the Guelmim-Oued Noun region, Morocco.","authors":"N Kamel, R El Boullani, Y Cherrah","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.286538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.286538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Morocco, pregnant women commonly use phytotherapy to facilitate childbirth. However, data on the safety and effects of medicinal plants during labor remain scarce and limited from a toxicological point of view. This retrospective descriptive study investigates the epidemiological, clinical and obstetric profiles of women who used medicinal plants during labor and delivery at the regional hospital of Guelmim. Data were collected from the records of women who gave birth between 2015 and 2021. A total of 22 523 files were examined, including 216 cases of women who had used medicinal plants during labor and delivery. Among these women, 57.8% were young primigravidas and primiparous women, the majority (83.79%) having received prenatal care and 78.24% of women having been admitted in the latency phase. In 65% of cases, delivery took place vaginally, with a significant reduction in the duration of labor. Nevertheless, 34.72% of women underwent a caesarean section. Complications were noted in 58.79% of cases: foetal and neonatal distress, post-partum haemorrhage, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, uterine hyperkinesis, premature rupture of membranes, neonatal death and perineal tears. These complications occurred in women who had used medicinal plants such as Lepidium sativum L., Crocus sativus L., Cinnamomum verum J. Presl. and Peganum harmala L, raising about a possible link. Further research is needed to better understand the effects of these plants and their consequences for maternal-foetal health. The frequent association of these plants with adverse effects suggests that they may contribute to the complications observed during labor and delivery. Further research is needed to assess the risks in the obstetric context and establish clear recommendations on its use.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e286538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp based on bulgaricus strain 1 from kefir shows probiotic and antimicrobial properties: Linking probiotics to UNSDG (United Nations Sustainable Development Goals) agenda: 2030.","authors":"K Z Tleuova, A U Shingisov, B M Khamitova, E T Kanseitova, A K Tulekbaeva","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.286969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.286969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global population increase necessitates the dire need for ample food as medicine. Good health and well-being are stressed on probiotic functional foods. The present study characterizes biochemical and molecular identification of potential lactic acid bacteria. The potent antimicrobial properties also affirm Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strain 3286. Biochemical analysis comprises carbohydrate fermentation, tolerance to acids and bile salts, production of bioactive compounds, lecithinase production, gelatinase production, and strain ripening ability. Antibiotic sensitivity to various antibiotics was assessed employing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and E-test. Strain resistance to increased salt concentrations coherently concludes the positive impact of gut microbiome and gut-brain axis health management. The preliminary assessment requires further in vitro, in vivo, and in silico analysis for commercialization, market strategy and utility as functional food supplementation. The study can be rationalized for sustainable development goals regarding SDG 3: good health and well-being. Further, the UNSDG agenda 2030 also ascertains the role of probiotic foods in life longevity and public health management systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e286969"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Trichoderma harzianum on the performance of young Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. (Fabaceae) plants in response to drought.","authors":"K F Vitali, G R Ximenez, R G O Guerreiro, T M Silva, M B Romagnolo, L H Pastorini","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.289149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.289149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change is among the main causes of alterations in natural ecosystems, generating major impacts on native vegetation. Drought is considered one of the main threats to ecosystems under global climate change since it limits growth and the mobilization of carbohydrates, alters the photosynthetic rate, decreases productivity, and can cause higher rates of plant mortality. Studies have been using species of the fungus Trichoderma in the inoculation of plants under conditions of water stress, such as drought, however, its use in native tree plants is still scarce. Considering that Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd (Fabaceae) is a tree species found preferentially in humid or flooded regions and can be used in the recovery of degraded areas, the aim is to analyze the performance of young plants of I. laurina, inoculated and not inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum and kept in conditions of moderate drought and in pot capacity. After 21 days, we evaluated the length of the aerial part and root, the fresh and dry mass of the root, stem, and leaves, the number of leaves and the diameter of the collar, the total soluble carbohydrate content of the leaves and roots and the photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of the plants from each treatment. The results were statistically analyzed using the GraphPrim 8.0 statistical program. Plants kept in moderate drought, whether inoculated or not, showed no significant difference in terms of growth parameters. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and total carotenoid contents were lower in the plants under moderate drought as compared to the non-inoculated control plants, while the chlorophyll a/b ratio was higher in the inoculated plants. The content of total soluble carbohydrates was higher in the leaves of plants kept in moderate drought, with no significant difference observed in the roots of plants kept in the different treatments. When comparing leaves and roots for each treatment, there was a higher total soluble carbohydrate content in the roots, regardless of the treatment. Overall, there was a positive effect of T. harzianum in promoting growth and protecting I. laurina; the inoculated plants performed similarly to the plants in the control condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e289149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of powdery mildew resistance genes in the Kazakhstan apple cultivar collection.","authors":"K Galymbek, A Kuan, D Kaldybayeva, R Abdikarimova, S Bakirov, Z Aitymbet, A Madenova","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.287949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.287949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The monogenic resistance to powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera leucotricha) of apple trees is crucial when selecting them. DNA markers allow it to differentiate apple cultivars by individual resistance traits and determine prospective genotypes with high reliability. The presented research determines the results of molecular genetics and phytopathological analyses of apple cultivars on loci Pl-2, Pl-1, Pl-w, and Pl-d for reactions to powdery mildew. The molecular screening procedure involved using seven gene-specific markers (EM M01, EM M02, AT20-450, OPN18 SCAR, OPU02 SCAR, dr70F/dr339, and dr55F/dr336R). The resistance genes Pl-1, Pl-2, Pl-w, and Pl-d were amplified in 30 of the 34 research cultivars, with 8 Kazakh and 26 other country apple cultivars among the ones researched, according to the results of a molecular screening. Although resistance genes are still helpful for breeding, they are only recommended for use in extended pyramids of multiple resistant genes. Several cultivars are excellent candidates for additional breeding programs against powdery mildew and for pyramiding the Podosphaera leucotricha resistant genes in new cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e287949"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended-spectrum β-lactamases genes in Gram-negative isolates from an urban river in Nicaragua.","authors":"C P Cabezas-Robelo, M J Rodríguez Reyes, N L Delgado-Duarte, R Katz, J A Huete-Pérez","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.286747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.286747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Limited resources and inadequate surveillance systems in developing countries have hindered research on antibiotic resistance gene transfer in aquatic environments. In this context, our study aimed to identify extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene variants in Gram-negative isolates from the Tipitapa River-a significant Central America ecosystem. Samples were collected and assessed for key water parameters: dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, and temperature. We employed a mix of microbiological, biochemical and molecular techniques, including multiplex PCR and sequencing, to characterize bacteria and determine the bla gene variants. Water quality parameters indicated areas impacted by human activities with high mineralization and eutrophication conditions. Among the bacteria analyzed, 48% belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae family, and a significant 88% displayed extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Sequencing revealed four distinct bla gene variants in 84% of the isolates: bla-SHV-24, bla-SHV-13, bla-TEM-1, and bla-TEM-116, with bla-SHV-24 being the most common (47.62%). This is the first report of bla gene variants in the Tipitapa River, revealing their presence in globally concerning bacteria. The robust methodology enhances surveillance, enables geographic profiling of bla gene variants, and improves our understanding of biochemical patterns and gene transmission dynamics, providing essential insights into the global distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in Central America's natural waters.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e286747"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irrigation depth and biochar doses on the vegetative growth of cherry tomato.","authors":"G T M Kubo, H O C Guerra, L H G Chaves, J D Fernandes, A A R da Silva, J N F de Andrade, L G S Laurentino, A J T Mendonça, T F L Arruda, M S F Araújo","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.283665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.283665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) cultivation has become a very profitable option due to its high added value. Therefore, using technologies for water control and soil conditioners is a possible way to increase profitability for producers. Thus, the objective of the present study was to assess the effects of irrigation and poultry litter biochar on the vegetative growth of cherry tomato, 'Carolina' cultivar. The experiment was conducted in a semi-protected greenhouse of UAEA/UFCG campus in Campina Grande, PB, Brazil, using a completely randomized design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with 3 replicates and in split plots. The factors studied were four levels of irrigation (70, 80, 90 and 100% of soil field capacity) and four doses of poultry litter biochar (0, 4, 8 and 12 t.ha-1). In the evaluation of plant height in relation to irrigation depth, a percentage increase of 33.19% was observed between the highest and lowest irrigation depths (70% and 100% of field capacity) at the end of the experiment. Regarding stem diameter in relation to irrigation depth variation, there was an increase of 5.5 mm from 47 to 107 days after germination. Poultry litter biochar influenced stem diameter, resulting in a percentage gain of 6.91% between the lowest and highest doses (0 and 12 t.ha-1). For leaf area, there was a percentage increase of 18.1% when comparing the lowest and highest irrigation depths (70% and 100% of field capacity).</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e283665"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive intensity of fish assemblages from streams of the Contas river basin, State of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil.","authors":"M S Martins, A T Silva, U P Souza, J Zina","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.287407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.287407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Information about the reproductive biology of fish assemblages is limited, particularly for coastal basins in Northeast Brazil. However, this information is crucial for understanding species' life histories and informing conservation strategies and management actions. The scarcity of studies on the reproductive patterns of stream fish highlights a significant research gap, as this knowledge is essential for the effective conservation of these ecosystems. This study aimed to assess the reproductive intensity of fish assemblages from streams that are part of two drainages of the Contas River basin (Upper Contas and Gongogi River drainages), which are located in two distinct biomes (Caatinga and Atlantic Forest, respectively) in the Northeast Brazil. The fish were collected between November 2012 and November 2013 in four quarterly expeditions that encompassed one seasonal cycle. The captures were conducted by electric fishing in 18 sampling sites, nine in the Upper Contas River drainage and nine in the Gongogi River drainage. We obtained the reproductive intensity index (RII) of the studied assemblage, being the values compared between expeditions, drainages, and sampling sites. The highest values of RII were observed between November/December and February/March in both drainages, which demonstrated that the highest reproductive intensity was associated to the rainy season. In the Upper Contas River streams, the reproductive peak intensity seems to be synchronized to the beginning of the rainy season, while in the Gongogi River drainage streams, the reproductive intensity remains high throughout the entire rainy season. Regarding spatial variation, the highest RII values were observed in smaller streams, probably associated with a more restricted species distribution in these locations. Our results indicate that the assessed streams play a crucial role in the reproduction of many fish species, as evidenced by the high reproductive intensity observed, particularly within the fish assemblage of the Upper Contas River.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e287407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}