Brazilian Journal of Biology最新文献

{"title":"Anthocyanins in relation to nutrients, stomatal density, and yield of purple lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) fertilized with compost based on bleaching earth.","authors":"D D Cruz Nieto, N E Muguruza Crispín, E T Castañeda Chirre, J U Romero Menacho, M I Martinez Loli, C P Alvarez Quinteros, J C Cabanillas Sulca, O O Osso Arriz, F V Luperdi Rios, P M Quispe Barrantes, M V Bautista Espinoza, J R Reaño Rivera, G C Pesantes Arriola, C M Caira Mamani, M N Morales Alberto, A Chiclla Salazar","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.291967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.291967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Peru, in recent years, the gastronomic boom has stood out globally, which has increased the production of edible oil in the oil industries, generating too much bleaching land. This study investigated anthocyanins in relation to nutrients, stomata density and yield of purple lettuce nourished with bleaching soil-based compost. The objective was to analyze the concentration of anthocyanins as a function of nutrients, stomata density and yield of purple lettuce nourished with such compost. It is based on a methodology applied with an experimental approach; for which the statistical model of the Completely Randomized Block Design was used, consisting of 3 blocks and 5 treatments which were T1 with 0, T2 with 6, T3 with 8, T4 with 10 and T5 with 12 t/ha of compost based on bleaching soil and the doses were applied 15 days after transplanting. Total plant length, plant height, plant weight, commercial yield, and equatorial diameter were evaluated. Additionally, the concentration of nutrients in leaves (Nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, molybdenum, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, chlorides, and sodium), anthocyanin, stomatal density, and profitability. The results determined that T5 stood out in total plant length with 32 cm, plant height with 27 cm, plant weight with 200.27 g, commercial yield with 23.57 t/ha and equatorial diameter with 16.17 cm. Total nitrogen supply was 255.1 kg/ha. Nutrient concentrations in leaves were phosphorus, sulfur, molybdenum, manganese, copper, zinc and boron. Stomata density in leaves with 118 stomata/mm2. Profitability with 129% and anthocyanin concentration in T2 leaves with 89.25 mg/100g. It is concluded that adequate anthocyanin concentration in T5, with 62.86 mg/100 g, influenced the concentration of most nutrients and greater density of stomata in the leaves, acting as a defense mechanism against nutritional and environmental stress, obtaining higher yields, 30% higher compared to the control.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e291967"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The complementary effect of melatonin in accelerating ovulation and spawning of the Javaen barb Systomus rubripinnis (Valenciennes 1842).","authors":"A O Sudrajat, D Radona, A Alimuddin, W Manalu, O Carman, R R S P S Dewi, I I Kusmini, T H Prihadi, B Pantjara, E K Kontara","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.291024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.291024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Javaen barb Systomus rubripinnis is an endemic fish not domesticated in Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of gonadotropin and melatonin hormones in inducing ovulation of female Javaen barb. A total of 12 female fish (BW: 142.12 ± 18.08 g; egg diameter 1.0-1.2 mm) were selected to be injected with a combination of different hormones. The treatments were ovaprimTM at a dose of 0.6 mL/kg without melatonin (L0.6M0), ovaprimTM at 0.3 mL/kg with 0.25 mg/kg melatonin (L0.3M0.25), 500 IU/kg of human chorionic gonadotropin with 0.25 mg/kg melatonin (H500M0.25), and 0.25 mg/kg melatonin (M0.25). The L0.6M0 and L0.3M0.25 treatments were injected twice. The first injection was 40% of the total dose, while the rest (60%) was injected 6 hours after the first injection. Melatonin injection was carried out at the same time as the first injection. In the H500M0.25 treatment, melatonin injection was carried out 24 hours after HCG injection. Fish injected with ovaprimTM with and without melatonin had the fastest latency period, and ovulation occurred in all fish. The H500M0.25 treatment had an ovulation rate of 66.7%, while those injected with only melatonin (M0.25) did not ovulate. The number of ovulated eggs, fertilization and hatching rate from ovaprimTM injected broodstock were higher than those of HCG. In contrast, the larvae's survival rate, body weight, and length were similar. In conclusion, ovaprimTM is practical in inducing ovulation of Javaen barb, and melatonin has a complementary effect on Javaen barb ovulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e291024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon footprint assessment of livestock farms under tropical conditions: first approximation.","authors":"S A Guamán-Rivera, F M Carrillo Riofrío, M E Jativa-Brito, L E Chuqui-Puma, G M Soldado Soldado, L D Cabezas Andrade, H R Sanchez Quispe, A A Casierra Cardenas, J M Mira Naranjo, J P Santillán Aguirre, C D Congo-Yépez","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.293349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.293349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluates the carbon footprint (CF) of livestock farms in the Orellana Province of the Ecuadorian Amazon, focusing on emissions from enteric fermentation, manure management, and energy use. Utilizing Tier I and Tier II methodologies outlined by the IPCC (2006), the research quantifies greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across three distinct typologies of Agricultural Productive Units (APUs): Conventional Systems (Type 1), Efficient Resource Use (Type 2), and Subsistence and Dependency Systems (Type 3). Results show that the average CF ranged from 14.5 to 18.3 kg CO2-eq per kg of live weight, with enteric fermentation accounting for 60.2% of emissions, followed by manure management (25.4%) and energy use (14.4%). Type 1 farms demonstrated the highest total CF (2.400 kg CO2-eq/farm), primarily due to larger herd sizes (9.8 TLU) and less efficient practices. Type 2 farms, characterized by rotational grazing and improved resource use, showed a reduced CF of 1.860 kg CO2-eq/farm. Type 3 farms, though smaller in scale, exhibited a CF of 1.810 kg CO2-eq/farm, with higher emissions intensity per animal (60.3 kg CO2-eq/animal) compared to Type 1 and 2 (53.2 kg CO2-eq/animal on average). Across all typologies, methane (CH4) from enteric fermentation remains the largest emission source. The findings underscore the critical need for sustainable interventions, such as silvopastoral systems, to mitigate GHG emissions while improving productivity. This research provides baseline data for designing region-specific mitigation strategies, contributing to global efforts to reduce the environmental impact of livestock farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e293349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) susceptibility to bait toxic.","authors":"A S Salustino, L S Ribeiro, M M D Morais, M C Oliveira Filho, D L Santos, R R Ferreira, D F Correia-Neto, J B Malaquias, C H Brito","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.291877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.291877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this research was to evaluate the susceptibility of C. capitata to insecticides composed of malathion, deltamethrin and spinetoram associated with the food attractants Biofruit®, Cera Trap® and sugarcane molasses. The baits were formulated through mixtures of attractants and insecticides, at the concentration recommended by the manufacturer (C100) and a concentration corresponding to 80% of the recommended concentration (C80). After offering the baits, their toxicity was evaluated depending on the evaluation time. Higher susceptibility rates were found in formulations with malathion at C80, with a LT50 of 1 h, regardless of the attractant used. The baits formulated with spinetoram at C80 reached LT50 after 6 hours. The lowest susceptibility was observed in baits using deltamethrin, regardless of the concentration and attractant used. Toxic baits formulated with malathion and spinetoram remain efficient in controlling C. capitata, even with a 20% reduction in the concentration recommended by the manufacturer for each product and can be formulated with Biofruit®, Trap® Wax and sugar cane molasses without negative compromise of the expected result.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e291877"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic fertilization in soybean cultivation and forage grown in succession.","authors":"D C Cruz, R M P Leal, L F de Souza, N V S Silva, E M Costa, A Jakelaitis","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.293723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.293723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organic fertilization can significantly increase productivity in crop-livestock integration systems, by improving soil quality. To investigate this, the study evaluated the effects of organic sources on Urochloa hybrid 'BRS Ipyporã' grown after soybeans in an air-conditioned greenhouse. Using a randomized block design, 10 treatments were established in a factorial scheme (2x5). The first factor consisted of two types of soil, with and without a history of application of swine manure, incorporated into five types of substrates: mineral fertilizer, Uberlândia compost, Rio Verde compost, poultry litter, and swine manure, with five replications. While soybean plants exhibited no treatment effects on plant height, leaf number, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, ratio between internal and external CO2 concentrations, instantaneous water use efficiency, intrinsic water use efficiency, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, those grown in manure-historied soils treated with Rio Verde compost produced higher dry mass of leaves, stems, and total biomass. Conversely, forage plants thrived in soils without a history of manure application, demonstrating greater stem, root, and total dry mass. Soils with a history of swine manure application exhibited higher concentrations of phosphorus, copper, and zinc. Additionally, the enzymes arylsulfatase, β-glucosidase, and acid phosphatase concentrations in the soil were significantly enhanced by the continuous application of swine manure over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e293723"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric prediction of maximum cannibal-prey size for larvae of matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus (Spix and Agassiz, 1829).","authors":"R L Muller, F F Ribeiro, T B Carvalho","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.293278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.293278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannibalism among fish is an interaction affecting both intra- and interspecific relationships in aquatic environments. It is related to the size and developmental stage, with prey size determined by morphometric measurements. In general, cannibalism only occurs when the predator's mouth width is greater than the prey's body depth. In this way, understanding these limitations during ontogenetic development is important, as it significantly influences the dynamics of cannibalism. This study aimed to evaluate the maximum size of conspecific prey that the larvae of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) are morphologically able to ingest. For this, the morphometric measurements of body depth (BD) and maximum mouth opening (MMO) in relation to the total length (TL) of the larvae were considered. BD and MMO showed negative allometric growth. The maximum prey size was expressed as a proportion of the size of the cannibal, which shows that cannibals can ingest prey from 92 to 106% of the TLcannibal. Therefore, the mathematical model of maximum cannibal-prey size for B. amazonicus shows rapid growth, possibly due to heterogeneous growth that, in turn, can increase the display of aggressive behavior, and it is not possible to determine a predatory morphological limitation. Studies with longer observation periods, focusing on predator-prey interaction and capture time, should be conducted to reduce cannibalism and increase survival and growth. Reducing cannibalism in B. amazonicus is essential for advancing the production of this economically and ecologically important species in the Amazon region.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e293278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moreiria maura (Diptera: Tachinidae), parasitoid of Dione juno juno (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Brazil.","authors":"R A Pinheiro, L F Silva, M J S Cabral, P A G Fernandes, R Toma, C A Santos, J C Zanuncio, M A Soares","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.294921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.294921","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e294921"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural conservation and SSR-driven divergence in Lepidium chloroplast genomes: balancing genomic stability with adaptive plasticity.","authors":"Raed Al-Saharin","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.294201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.294201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The chloroplast genomes of 13 Lepidium species were analyzed to explore how structural conservation and SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) dynamics balance genomic stability with adaptive divergence. While genome size and GC content remained highly conserved, reflecting strong functional constraints on photosynthetic machinery, repetitive elements exhibited striking lineage-specific diversity. Mid-length, AT-rich SSRs dominated across species, with conserved motifs (e.g., pentanucleotide TCCAT) likely underpinning structural integrity. In contrast, clade-specific innovations, such as absent octanucleotide repeats in Lepidium cordatum and Lepidium draba or unique pentanucleotide expansions, highlight adaptive plasticity in non-essential regions. These findings reveal a dual evolutionary strategy: chloroplast genomes maintain core functions through conserved architecture while permitting localized SSR-driven innovations, potentially enhancing ecological resilience. This interplay underscores how genomic stability and plasticity coexist to enable adaptation in dynamic environments, offering new insights into the evolutionary mechanisms shaping plant organelle genomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e294201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entomological inventory using McPhail traps in natural and agricultural environments in the Cerrado of Bahia, Brazil.","authors":"R R Moitinho, T S Amaral, A E L Ribeiro, V P Lima, D Calado","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.293159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.293159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of faunistic analysis has become a pillar of studies on diversity, conservation, and global change biology, serving as quantifiers of effects on areas and their conservation status. Using McPhail traps, we inventoried a natural and an agricultural ecosystem in the Cerrado of Bahia. We found 22,498 insects in the two study areas, distributed across nine orders and 56 families. The order with the greatest richness was Diptera, with 17 families identified. Formicidae (Hymenoptera) had the largest number of specimens collected with around 48% of the total, followed by Muscidae (Diptera), with 11%, and Sarcophagidae (Diptera) and Drosophilidae (Diptera), both with 10% each. The Diversity Indices for the native forest area were H'= 1.528 and J= 0.3897, and for the polyculture area H'= 2.108 and J=0.5715, thus demonstrating greater diversity in the polyculture area. However, after recalculating the diversity indices without Formicidae, the Shannon-Weaner and Pielou indices differed, considerably increasing the indices in the native area. Our study contributes to the knowledge of entomofauna in natural and agricultural ecosystems and estimates of species diversity indices.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e293159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Ageratum conyzoides from the Brazilian Amazon.","authors":"C A A Lima, C J R M Rosário, R C Almeida, J V S Lindoso, A M Teles, A S Lima, J G Pereira, C Q Rocha, F A Melo","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.290311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.290311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural products, specifically essential oils (EOs), have exhibited significant biological properties with potential medical applications. In this context, the aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition and the antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of the EO of Ageratum conyzoides from the municipality of Santa Rita, Maranhão, in the Brazilian Amazon. The EO was extracted from the fresh aerial parts of A. conyzoides L. using the hydrodistillation method and the oil was analyzed using a GCMS-QP2010 Ultra system. Standard strains of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus were used to determine antibacterial activity using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The antioxidant potential of the EO of A. conyzoides was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays. The main constituents found in the oil were precocene I (79.85%) and (E)-caryophyllene (13.55%). The bacteriostatic efficacy of A. conyzoides EO's estimated by MIC and MBC was between 31.25 and 250 μg/mL. Gram-negative bacteria (S. typhimurium and E. coli) were the most resistant. The IC50 values obtained from the DPPH and ABTS assays were 287.94 ± 7.02 µg/mL and 132.23 ± 15.41 µg/mL, respectively. The results show that the essential oil of A. conyzoides has promising antibacterial activity, especially against Gram-positive bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e290311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}