Brazilian Journal of Biology最新文献

{"title":"Integrated management of soft rot of pseudostem and rhizome of banana (Musa spp.) caused by Dickeya ssp.","authors":"R Aguilar-Anccota, R Chávez Calle, Y H Calle-Cheje, M N Flores-Salinas, M M More-Yarleque, C M Caira Mamani, A M Cardoza-Sanchez, A Morales-Pizarro, J Silupú-Masías","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.301538","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.301538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soft rot of the banana pseudostem and rhizome, associated with Dickeya spp., is a significant limitation to its productivity. Under in vitro conditions, granulated copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) showed the largest zone of inhibition (12.6 mm), significantly outperforming the other treatments by more than 16%, while the control showed no inhibition. Under field conditions, the integrated treatment of granulated CuSO4·5H2O + effective microorganisms (EM) + agronomic practices (AP) achieved the lowest AUCPE (332.88) compared to the control (570.38; 71.3% higher), reduced disease severity (0.29; -88.7%), increased bunch weight (50.57 kg; +4.7%), and achieved the highest yield (2713.26 boxes ha-1 year-1), with a benefit-cost ratio of 1.615 (+33.8% compared to the control). All treatments differed significantly (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the integrated use of bactericides, organic amendments, and sustainable agronomic practices constitutes an effective strategy for reducing the severity of pseudostem soft rot and improving banana productivity and profitability.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e301538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148152321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology of ovaries and spermatheca of Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) queens: implications for oviposition rates.","authors":"A A Moreira, R S Camargo, L C Forti, M I Camargo-Mathias, M A Castellani, J C Zanuncio, J E Serrão, I B Calligaris, B S Coelho, M C Jean-Baptiste","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.302649","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.302649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nest of leaf-cutting ants is founded by a newly mated queen, which lays the first eggs, giving rise to workers responsible for nest construction and colony maintenance. Bioecological and physiological aspects of queens may help explain variations in the size of newly founded nests of species in the genus Atta. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between ovary and spermatheca morphology and the oviposition rate of Atta sexdens Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) queens. Forty-one newly founded nests of A. sexdens were collected, and the volume of each fungus garden was measured. The queens from these nests were isolated and fed daily with the colony's symbiotic fungus to determine their daily egg production over four days. At the end of this period, the ovaries and spermathecae of the queens were dissected and analyzed under light microscopy. The oviposition rate of A. sexdens queens ranged from 0.5 to 90.5 eggs per day. Ovaries showing signs of degeneration, including yolk reabsorption in oocytes, were observed in queens with the lowest oviposition rates. Spermatheca morphology was similar among all queens. The relationship between ovarian morphology and oviposition rate in young A. sexdens queens supports the hypothesis that differences in ovarian condition contribute to variations in egg production. Such differences may ultimately influence colony growth in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e302649"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148152346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant capacity in relation to nutrition, stomatal density, and yield of carrot (Daucus carota L.) fertilized with bleaching soil compost.","authors":"D D Cruz Nieto, H J Castro Bartolomé, E T Castañeda Chirre, C M Gonzáles Añorga, B L Mamani Salcedo, R R Escobedo Perez, J C Cabanillas Sulca, E Silva Castro, M A Jamanca Ramirez, E J Medina Rafaile, M A Castañeda Samanamú, A F Torres Calderón, C P Alvarez Quinteros, N E Muguruza Crispín, J U Romero Menacho","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.305575","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.305575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Peru, oil production is related to the gastronomic boom; consequently, consumption has increased in recent years, which has led to an increase in bleaching earth waste that often lacks proper final disposal. Reason, an investigation was conducted on the antioxidant capacity in relation to the nutrition, stomatal density, and yield of carrots fertilized with bleaching earth-based compost (BEBC). The objective was to determine the antioxidant capacity in relation to the nutritional, stomatal density, and higher yield of the carrot fertilized with BEBC. Methodology was applied with an experimental approach, as the completely randomized block design statistical model was used, with three blocks and five treatments: T1 with 0, T2 with 3, T3 with 3.6, T4 with 4.2, and T5 with 4.8 t ha-1 of BEBC, applied 30 days after planting. The physical characteristics (total plant length, root size, root diameter, storage root weight, and commercial yield) were evaluated. The concentration of nutrients (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum, chlorides, sodium) and the antioxidant capacity of the leaves were determined. The total consumption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was determined, and the stomatal density in leaves and profitability were evaluated. Results highlighted T5 in total plant length with 48.76 cm, root size with 16.75 cm, root diameter with 5.03 cm, storage root weight with 238.33 g, and commercial yield with 37.264 t ha-1. Total nitrogen consumption with 183.4 kg ha-1, total phosphorus pentoxide consumption with 52.21 kg ha-1, total potassium oxide consumption with 822.74 kg ha-1, and profitability with 139.8%. T3 stood out in leaf nutrient analysis with nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorides. In antioxidant capacity with 3,521.8 μMol trolox 100 g and in stomatal density T1 with 245 stomata mm-2. It concludes that T5, with an adequate antioxidant capacity of 2,907.5 μmol Trolox/100 g and a concentration of sulfur, iron, and sodium in leaves associated with a lower stomatal density (110 stomata mm-2), favored the efficiency of transpiration, the formation and translocation of carbohydrates to the storage root; moreover, it contributed to the balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which strengthened and maximized the crop yield.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e305575"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary study on the application of guar gum-based hydrogel in sepsis therapy.","authors":"A F Pires, A B Martins, F S P Lima, C V Q Rolim, F V C Canafístula, M X Oliveira, J P A Feitosa, A M S Assreuy","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.301042","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.301042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The oxidized guar gum-based hydrogel crosslinked with gelatin (OxGG:Gel), presenting antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), high cell viability and non-irritating nature, was evaluated in the rat experimental model of sepsis. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and the controls (SHAM) underwent a laparotomy and cecal exposure. After 6 h, CLP and SHAM received the precursor solution mixture of OxGG:Gel (OxGG and gelatin) at 2% concentration in single dose (20 mg/kg; i.p.) or daily at 5% concentration (50 mg/kg; p.o.) for 5 days. Clinical signs and survival rate were analyzed before and after induction. The treatment of the CLP group with 2% solution (20 mg/kg i.p.) reduced signs of prostration and piloerection and was protective in parameters of temperature and glycemia compared to CLP. However, the per oral application of a 5% concentrated solution (50 mg/kg), not only lacked effect but also seemed to induce side effects (blindness, suffocation, and increased respiratory rate). In conclusion, OxGG:Gel administered in septic rats by intraperitoneal route at 20 mg/kg, but not per oral at 50 mg/kg, reduced signs of prostration and piloerection and showed a protective effect on temperature and glycemia. The adhesion of the viscous 5% solution to the mucosa, and rapid gelation may obstruct the airways, leading to respiratory distress and subsequent animal death. Since these adverse effects appeared in both SHAM and CLP groups, they can be assigned to the administration route rather than the hydrogel's chemical or biological properties. The administration route and concentration modulate the therapeutic efficacy of hydrogels for sepsis management.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e301042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and characterization of maize rhizospheric bacterial community by 16S ribosomal RNA in the semi-arid area of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.","authors":"A Ikhwan, E Ishartati, H Sukorini, A Suryanto, S Y Tyasmoro, D R Nendissa, R E Fanggidae, M R Pellokila, A G Arifin, E D Atmojo, S N D Asyari, A N Sugiharto","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.303942","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.303942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maize productivity in semi-arid regions such as East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia is significantly hindered by drought stress and low soil fertility resulting in yields well below the national average. The plant rhizosphere, a critical interface between roots and soil, hosts diverse microbial communities, particularly plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, which are essential for enhancing plant resilience to abiotic stresses. This study aimed to identify and characterize the rhizospheric bacterial community associated with maize in NTT using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our findings revealed significant variations in bacterial abundance and community composition across different sites, reflecting environmental heterogeneity. Sample J1_KP exhibited a high abundance of Bacillus and Ammoniphilus spp., known for their roles in improving water use efficiency and stress tolerance through endospore formation. In contrast, sample J8_BTP was dominated by Pseudomonas spp., which are crucial for maintaining plant water status and root morphology under drier conditions. The presence of extremophiles like Melghirimyces thermohalophilus and nutrient cyclers such as Devosia oryziradicis and nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosospira multiformis, Nitrospira japonica) further highlights the adaptive strategies within these communities. This research provides valuable insights into microbial adaptations in challenging semi-arid environments, offering a foundation for developing targeted microbial inoculants to enhance maize resilience and productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e303942"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the candidate gene responsible for BEL (Blue Eye Leucistic) expression in the ball python (Python regius).","authors":"R Kumsiri, P Kanchanaphum","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.301929","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.301929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ball python, scientifically known as Python regius, is a popular exotic pet due to its beautiful colors and patterns. One of the most famous characteristics of the ball python is the white coloration seen in the blue-eyed leucistic (BEL) variant. This study indicates that the endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) gene is a candidate gene responsible for the white color and blue eyes characteristic of the BEL. The results from quantitative PCR (qPCR) show an 11.83% difference in the cycle threshold (Ct) values between the wild type and the platinum complex group. This finding suggests that both alleles in the wild type carry normal EDNRB genes, while the platinum complex group shows that one of its alleles possesses a normal EDNRB gene, indicating a heterozygous condition. Notably, there were no qPCR products detected in the BEL, implying that it lacks a normal EDNRB gene. This is the first finding demonstrating that the EDNRB gene is the candidate gene which responsible for the BEL phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e301929"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147977569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research trends and gaps in ant-mediated seed dispersal: a review with emphasis on Brazilian biomes.","authors":"W Schornobay-Bochenski, J Garlet, R E Vicente","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.300253","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.300253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This scientometric review analyzes global research patterns on seed dispersal by ants (myrmecochory) from 2009 to 2019, with particular emphasis on geographic and methodological biases across Brazilian biomes. Our analysis reveals not only pronounced disparities in research distribution, with studies heavily concentrated in Atlantic Forest and Cerrado ecosystems, while Amazonia, Pantanal, and Pampa remain critically understudied, but also fundamental methodological limitations that constrain our understanding of the ecological role of myrmecochory. More importantly, we provide the first comprehensive biome-level comparison of research effort and methodological approaches, identifying critical gaps in distinguishing seed dispersal from predation events and assessing post-dispersal seed viability. Rather than merely documenting these imbalances, we offer a strategic framework for prioritizing research in underrepresented biomes and implementing standardized methodologies. Our findings have direct implications for conservation planning and restoration ecology, particularly in threatened tropical ecosystems where ant-mediated dispersal could significantly enhance recovery programs. Addressing these geographic and methodological biases is therefore essential for advancing myrmecochory research and improving its applied relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e300253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147977535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity and conservation challenges in mangrove ecosystems: a comparative study of faunal assemblages and community perceptions in Aceh, Indonesia.","authors":"R Desy, Sarwi, E S Rahayu, D R Indriyanti","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.302754","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.302754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research aims to assess biodiversity and the challenges of mangrove ecosystem conservation, and to compare fauna collections and public perceptions regarding diversity and species abundance in the Aceh mangrove forest. The methods used were surveys, statistical analysis, and field research across three mangrove locations. Research results show that species distributions are shaped by a combination of environmental and anthropogenic factors, including salinity, pH, temperature, and human disturbance. The highest diversity index with stable communities is in the Seuriget mangroves. In contrast, the Langsa and Lueng River kuala mangroves show dominance of species tolerant of anthropogenic pressures, such as changes in salinity and temperature. The species distribution identified 16 species from 491 individuals across five classes of animals: Pisces, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, and Mammalia. The highest conservation awareness is in the Kuala Langsa mangroves (82.5%), Seuriget (65%), and Sungai Lueng (47.5%). The research concludes that conservation strategies are needed to overcome the challenges of biodiversity conservation. The strength of the study lies in its holistic approach, which combines ecological data with environmental and social parameters, thereby providing a scientific basis for recommendations on the management, rehabilitation, and control of mangrove destruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e302754"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147950256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory effect of squid ink extract on lipoxygenase pathways and MIH gene in Litopenaeus vannamei under different salinity condition.","authors":"M Fadjar, S Andayani, H Kühn, D Aisyah, A W Ramadhani, C Herlina","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.301167","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.301167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipoxygenase (LOX)-derived eicosanoids (12-/15-HETE) and Molt-Inhibiting Hormone (MIH) are key mediators of inflammation and stress physiology in Litopenaeus vannamei during bacterial challenge. Squid ink (Loligo sp.) contains bioactives (betaine, choline, cinnamic acid) with potential immunomodulatory activity. This study aim to evaluate whether dietary squid ink extract modulates MIH responses, LOX-related metabolites, and survival of L. vannamei challenged with Vibrio harveyi under different salinities. Squid ink was methanol-macerated and evaporated to paste; 8 g paste was dissolved in 1 L water and spray-coated onto per kg commercial feed (fed at 5% biomass/day, 4 times/day). Shrimp were reared in 12 aquaria at 24, 27, and 30 ppt, with an infected positive control at 33 ppt, then challenged by immersion with V. harveyi (10^6 CFU/mL). MIH was identified by PCR, 12-HETE/15-HETE were quantified by LC-MS, and ligand-protein interactions were explored by interaction in silico analysis. Squid ink-related treatments reduced 12-HETE from 2.0 ± 0.3 to 0.2-0.5 nmol/mg (ANOVA F = 6.929; p = 0.006), whereas 15-HETE remained near the observed range (5.5-6.0 nmol/mg). MIH amplicons (250-283 bp) showed the strongest band intensity at 30 ppt. Survival improved in supplemented groups (80-90%) relative to the positive control (73.33 ± 5.77%), with the highest survival at 30 ppt (90 ± 10%) (post hoc, p < 0.05). Dietary squid ink extract attenuated the pro-inflammatory 12-LOX pathway and improved post-challenge survival, with responses depending on salinity, supporting squid ink as a natural immunostimulant candidate for shrimp aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e301167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147950414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive strategies in young Inga vera subsp. affinis plants under flooding.","authors":"R M P Feitosa, G R Ximenez, L H Pastorini, M B Romagnolo","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.301423","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.301423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inga vera subsp. affinis (DC.) T.D.Penn. is a common species in riparian vegetation of the Atlantic Forest within the Upper Paraná River Floodplain (UPRF) and of great ecological importance in the restoration of native forests. Since UPRF environments are subject to periodic flooding, this study aimed to analyze the adaptive strategies of I. vera subsp. affinis under flooding. I. vera fruits were collected from riparian mother trees to obtain seedlings, which were subjected to flooding for 44 days. After the experiment, 10 individuals from each treatment were selected, and their height, root length, leaf area, number of leaves, and the fresh and dry mass of leaves, stems, and roots were measured. Physiological traits were evaluated from the extraction and quantification of soluble sugars in leaves and roots, as well as the quantification of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of seedlings. Results were subjected to analysis of variance according to their respective assumptions. I. vera plants showed reduced growth under flooding, lower levels of photosynthetic pigments, and increased production of soluble sugars, which were relocated to the roots. These findings indicate the species' capacity for physiological adjustment to floods, which can support conservation strategies for riparian tree species in relation to climate change and adaptations of the species itself over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"86 ","pages":"e301423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147950298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}