Organic fertilization in soybean cultivation and forage grown in succession.

Abstract

Organic fertilization can significantly increase productivity in crop-livestock integration systems, by improving soil quality. To investigate this, the study evaluated the effects of organic sources on Urochloa hybrid 'BRS Ipyporã' grown after soybeans in an air-conditioned greenhouse. Using a randomized block design, 10 treatments were established in a factorial scheme (2x5). The first factor consisted of two types of soil, with and without a history of application of swine manure, incorporated into five types of substrates: mineral fertilizer, Uberlândia compost, Rio Verde compost, poultry litter, and swine manure, with five replications. While soybean plants exhibited no treatment effects on plant height, leaf number, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, ratio between internal and external CO2 concentrations, instantaneous water use efficiency, intrinsic water use efficiency, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, those grown in manure-historied soils treated with Rio Verde compost produced higher dry mass of leaves, stems, and total biomass. Conversely, forage plants thrived in soils without a history of manure application, demonstrating greater stem, root, and total dry mass. Soils with a history of swine manure application exhibited higher concentrations of phosphorus, copper, and zinc. Additionally, the enzymes arylsulfatase, β-glucosidase, and acid phosphatase concentrations in the soil were significantly enhanced by the continuous application of swine manure over time.