Brazilian Journal of Biology最新文献

{"title":"Reproductive intensity of fish assemblages from streams of the Contas river basin, State of Bahia, Northeastern Brazil.","authors":"M S Martins, A T Silva, U P Souza, J Zina","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.287407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.287407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Information about the reproductive biology of fish assemblages is limited, particularly for coastal basins in Northeast Brazil. However, this information is crucial for understanding species' life histories and informing conservation strategies and management actions. The scarcity of studies on the reproductive patterns of stream fish highlights a significant research gap, as this knowledge is essential for the effective conservation of these ecosystems. This study aimed to assess the reproductive intensity of fish assemblages from streams that are part of two drainages of the Contas River basin (Upper Contas and Gongogi River drainages), which are located in two distinct biomes (Caatinga and Atlantic Forest, respectively) in the Northeast Brazil. The fish were collected between November 2012 and November 2013 in four quarterly expeditions that encompassed one seasonal cycle. The captures were conducted by electric fishing in 18 sampling sites, nine in the Upper Contas River drainage and nine in the Gongogi River drainage. We obtained the reproductive intensity index (RII) of the studied assemblage, being the values compared between expeditions, drainages, and sampling sites. The highest values of RII were observed between November/December and February/March in both drainages, which demonstrated that the highest reproductive intensity was associated to the rainy season. In the Upper Contas River streams, the reproductive peak intensity seems to be synchronized to the beginning of the rainy season, while in the Gongogi River drainage streams, the reproductive intensity remains high throughout the entire rainy season. Regarding spatial variation, the highest RII values were observed in smaller streams, probably associated with a more restricted species distribution in these locations. Our results indicate that the assessed streams play a crucial role in the reproduction of many fish species, as evidenced by the high reproductive intensity observed, particularly within the fish assemblage of the Upper Contas River.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e287407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of maize under different pH values, humidity and presence of Azospirillum brasilense.","authors":"P E Schaefer, L A Tabaldi, T M Müller, L P Ribeiro, T N Martin","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.287643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.287643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abiotic factors play a crucial role in the productivity of agricultural systems, and stress resulting from these factors can significantly restrict crop yields. To address this challenge, the use of tools capable of mitigating adverse effects, such as growth-promoting bacteria, is essential. This study aimed to investigate the growth of maize plants inoculated or not with Azospirillum brasilense, subjected to variations in soil pH and moisture. Two experiments were conducted under controlled conditions, in which maize plants inoculated with A. brasilense were subjected to variations in (i) soil moisture (100, 75, 50, and 25% of field capacity) and (ii) hydrogenic potential (pH 4.5; 5.5; 5.0; 6.0; and 6.5). It was observed that low moisture favored root growth but limited the development of leaves and stems of maize plants at the V4 phenological stage. The increased root development provided by A. brasilense under conditions of water restriction resulted in a reduction in water use efficiency by the leaves. Additionally, more acidic and/or alkaline pH levels also reduced the dry mass of roots and aboveground parts, as well as the carboxylation efficiency of rubisco, but increased water use efficiency (At 25% FC water deficit, WUE increased by 9.5% in rhizobacterium-treated seeds and by 16% in the control). Inoculation with A. brasilense promoted greater development of maize plants, as evidenced by increased volume, root length, and leaf area. Although maize plants showed better initial development without water restriction and in soil with a pH of 5.9, A. brasilense allowed maize plant growth even at pH 5.1, without significant adverse impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e287643"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the antioxidant potential and antibacterial properties of pomegranate peel extracts from Wonderful and Valenciana varieties.","authors":"F Ayala-Flores, W Monroy-Martínez, M Rodríguez-Rojas, M C Chávez-Parga, J C González-Hernández","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.288906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.288906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have found a high content of polyphenolic compounds in the fruit produced by pomegranate trees (peel, arils, seeds, and capillary membranes). Most polyphenols are generally accepted to be potent antioxidants with anti-inflammatory properties. Pomegranate peel is considered a waste product of the human diet. This value is equivalent to 50% of the weight of the fruit, which is why we propose a comparative analysis of both its antioxidant and microbicidal activity in two of the most cultivated varieties in Mexico, Wonderful (sour) and Valenciana (sweet), to provide added value to products of the region by obtaining products of high biological value via a process of easy industrial scaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e288906"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of days-fasting and refeeding on growth, biochemical and histometric liver parameters in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus.","authors":"K N N Farias, A L N Silva, T V Silva, S F Gonçalves, K V Kuibrida, C A Honorato, R A Rodrigues, M S Owatari, C F M Campos, L F Belussi, C E Fernandes","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.287072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.287072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of days-fasting followed by days-refeeding on growth, biochemical, and hepatic parameters in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). One hundred and twenty juveniles P. mesopotamicus with initial average weight and length of 47.7 ± 9.2 g and 13.4 ± 0.9 cm were randomly distributed into six experimental units (20 fish per unit) and subjected to treatments: 30 days-fasting followed by 50 days-refeeding, and control group, fed continuously throughout the period. During the fasting period, samples were collected at 10, 20, and 30 days, while during the refeeding period at 15 and 50 days. Animals in the control group were sampled at the same periods. Weight (g), relative condition factor (Kn), and hepatosomatic index (biometric parameters) were measured. Liver assessments were performed. Additionally, glucose, plasma biochemical parameters levels were measured. After 30 days of fasting, hepatocyte density (73.8 ± 1.09%), liver glycogen (14.9 ± 0.87%) and hepatocyte nuclear volume (27.3 ± 0.30 µm3) were lower compared to the control group (82.0 ± 0.67%, 19.4 ± 0.74% and 43.40 ± 0.48 µm3 respectively). The relative condition factor remained unchanged. Cholesterol values, blood vessels, and sinusoidal density increased significantly during fasting. After refeeding, parameters were restored to the control level. On the 50th day of refeeding, the hepatosomatic index was significantly higher than the control group. The results showed that fasting associated with refeeding did not affect fish growth. The period over 50 days of refeeding may influence the pacu's compensation compared to daily-fed animals. The effects of fasting and its relationship with the pacu's physiological response through nutritional status become useful in contributing to feeding practices in P. mesopotamicus fish farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e287072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure of fungal community and culturable fungi on the discolored surfaces of pine storage boxes in the tropical region in Dong Nai, Vietnam.","authors":"N C Cuong, N V Hung, T K Linh, N T T Loi, Q N Tung, D T Tuyen, D T N Anh","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.289015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.289015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wood and wood-based materials are commonly used for storage, but their surfaces are prone to biodegradation by microorganisms, especially fungi. This study focuses on the microbial communities on pine wood storage boxes treated with an anti-termite and mold solution in a tropical region in Dong Nai, Vietnam. We isolated 13 fungal strains from these surfaces and classified them into six genera: Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Curvularia, Penicillium, and Trichoderma. Enzyme activity tests revealed that strains Curvularia eragrostidis TD4.2 and Aspergillus sydowii TD5 were the most effective producers of cellulase, amylase, and laccase. Shotgun metagenomics analysis of the biological sample of the discolored surface of pine storage boxes indicated that Ascomycota was the dominant phylum, with Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes as the prevalent class. Aureobasidium (0.33%) and Chaetomium (1.1%) were the most abundant genera in the Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes, respectively. This research illustrates the complexity of microbial communities on wood surfaces, providing insights into the fungal dynamics affecting wooden storage materials in tropical climates.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e289015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the \"Hydro Rex Vital\" drug on zootechnical and economic indicators of broiler chickens.","authors":"E Ablayeva, A Kavtarashvili, B Makhatov, N Sarkulova, B Satenov, Z Ayazbekova, S Akhmetova","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.289192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.289192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effectiveness of the anti-stress drug \"Hydro Rex Vital\" in the rearing of broiler chickens during the transitional period of the year was studied. The study was conducted on broiler chickens of the \"Arbor Acres\" crossbreed at the farm of \"Altynbek\" LLP (Almaty region, Isayev village). Four groups (one control and three experimental) were formed using the analogy method at the age of one day. The chickens of all groups were kept in the same room (identical sections) on deep litter until the age of 42 days. The drug was not used in the control group 1, while in the experimental groups 2, 3, and 4, the dosage of the drug administered with drinking water was 200, 300, and 400 ml per 1 ton of water, respectively. The results of the study showed that the survival rate in groups 1 (control), 2, 3, and 4 was 90.0%; 93.3%; 96.7%; 96.7% respectively; live weight of chickens at the age of 42 days was 2.49; 2.60; 2.65; and 2.57 kg respectively; average daily weight gain was 58.3; 60.8; 62.0; and 60.0 g respectively; feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain was 1.85; 1.74; 1.69; and 1.57 kg respectively; the slaughter yield of eviscerated carcasses was 72.2; 74.9; 76.3; and 74.0% respectively; production profitability was 170; 263; 313; and 308% respectively. It is recommended to give the anti-stress drug \"Hydro Rex Vital\" to broiler chickens with water at a dosage of 300 ml per 1 ton of water from the age of one day until the end of the rearing period to improve viability and productivity, reduce feed costs per unit of product, and meat production cost, and increase production profitability. In research, it is advisable to use the Russian production efficiency index instead of the European productivity index to quickly determine the winning group.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e289192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of cassava dregs ferment (CDF) to accelerate biofloc formation during the intensive farming of whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931).","authors":"M Syaichudin, H Albasri, R Rahmi, A Akmal, H Batubara, Y Mundayana, L Lideman, A Gafur, H Hamzah, S Faridah, J Jumriadi, A Amin","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.287512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.287512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cassava dregs are a byproduct of processing cassava into tapioca. These ingredients possess a simplified carbohydrate structure after fermentation, which also serves as an essential carbon source to support bacterial growth. This research aims to examine the utilization of cassava dregs ferment (CDF) in accelerating biofloc formation for intensive whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) culture. The research was carried out over 60 days in two HDPE-lined ponds. Treatment A (with CDF) was stocked with 200 shrimp/m2. Treatment B (without CDF) was stocked with 300 shrimp/m2. Treatment A accelerated the formation of biofloc at DOC 26, whereas the biofloc formation in Treatment B started at DOC 38. Weight growth of shrimp was similar to Treatment A, averaging 6.21 ±1.27 g as compared to 6.21 ±1.73 g in Treatment B. Survival rates were significantly different, with 99.1% in Treatment A and 75.3% in Treatment B. Feed conversion ratio and total biomass were 1.4/1,153 kg (Treatment A) and 1.49/1,263 kg (Treatment B). Based on these findings, it appears that CDF can be used as an alternative source of exogenous carbon in biofloc technology and improve the productivity of intensive whiteleg shrimp culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e287512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of black bean pre-cultivars based on adaptability and stability for the State of Rio de Janeiro.","authors":"M R Nascimento, R F Daher, A T Amaral Júnior, G A Gravina, B F Souza Filho, A G Souza, M Ambrósio, J G S Santana, A K F Vidal, R S Freitas, C L Leite, P R Santos, A F Costa, L C Melo","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.286241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.286241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of new cultivars is a strategy used in breeding programs to increase food production with environmental sustainability. The genotype × environment interaction is a great challenge in the identification and selection of superior genotypes for different edaphoclimatic conditions. Due to this interaction, it is essential to select and develop materials that can provide not only high productivity but also wide adaptability and production stability. Given the above, this work aims to select bean pre-cultivars regarding grain productivity, adaptability and stability for the State of Rio de Janeiro. In the 2018 harvest, two inbred lines competition trials were carried out and three in the 2019 harvest. Eleven black bean genotypes were evaluated in five environments, and the experiments were set up in a randomized block design with three replications. The adaptability and genotypic stability were assessed via the GGE Biplot, Eberhart and Russell and Lin and Binns methodologies, with the aid of the GENES and R software systems. The methodologies based on simple linear regression and non-parametric statistical analysis were concordant in the identification of genotypes with production stability (BRS Esteio, BRS FP 403 and CNFP 16459), responsive to environmental improvement (BRS Esteio) and adapted to unfavorable environments (BRS Esteio). Furthermore, BRS Esteio was classified as the ideotype and presented the best adaptability, high stability and performance above the general average. Thus, the adaptability and stability analysis methodologies proved to be effective and consistent in identifying superior genotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e286241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of lignocellulosic materials (wood and bark) from Ateleia glazioviana and Hovenia dulcis as a natural wood preservative.","authors":"M Talgatti, T Baldin, S M V Nunes, T L Dias, E E P Baraúna, E J Santini, G Valcorte, R R Roubuste, P D C Silva","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.283522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.283522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lignocellulosic materials of some plant species are rich in chemical compounds that can serve as a source of natural and environmentally less aggressive biocides for treating wood. The aim of this study was to verify the potential of the lignocellulosic materials (wood and bark) of Ateleia glazioviana and Hovenia dulcis as a natural wood preservative. The extracts were prepared by heating the materials to 100 °C at a concentration of 10%. The wood samples were treated in a laboratory autoclave using the empty cell method. Control samples (untreated) and samples treated with chromated copper borate - CCB (2.5%) were used as a comparison. The accelerated rot test in the laboratory was carried out using a sample of the colony of the white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor. Mass loss, solubility in 1% NaOH, scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM) and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were evaluated. A rotting field test was also carried out in a forest fragment for 180 days and the mass loss, apparent specific mass, ATR-FTIR, and dynamic bending of the wood samples were evaluated. In laboratory tests, natural extractive solutions from the bark and wood of Hovenia dulcis and only from the bark of Ateleia glazioviana have fungitoxic potential against the white rot fungus, when compared to material without preservative impregnations. The resistance of the wood in the field to rot did not obtain significant results with the application of the natural preservatives, and future studies will need to increase the concentration of the extracts in an attempt to improve their performance as natural biocides.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e283522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver under attack: impacts of high-fat diet on murine model.","authors":"P F Peppi, G A Lira, L R S Campos, C R Santos, E M M Lima, A R C Barreto-Vianna","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.284045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.284045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At present, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide, with obesity recognized as a global epidemic and type 2 diabetes a worldwide disease. In this study, 10 C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: the control group (SC) and the high-fat diet (HF) group. Both groups were fed their respective diets for 8 weeks. The animals were analyzed for body weight, glucose/insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and fibrosis to diagnose NAFLD. Results showed that the HF group animals had significantly higher body weight (P<0.0001), glucose resistance (P=0.0002), insulin resistance (P=0.0009), and blood glucose levels (P<0.05) compared to the SC group. The HF group exhibited increased hepatic steatosis (P<0.0001) and fibrosis (P<0.0001) compared to the SC group. These findings led to the conclusion that the animals in the HF group had grade and stage 2 NAFLD. Furthermore, the HF group animals were classified as obese, indicating a higher risk for developing insulin resistance and, subsequently, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Understanding the risk factors and complications associated with NAFLD, obesity, and T2DM is crucial for preventing and treating metabolic alterations linked to a high-fat diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e284045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}