Brazilian Journal of Biology最新文献

{"title":"In vitro fermentation characteristics and nutrient digestibility of rations based on corn stover silage (Zea mays L., 1973) and Ceara rubber tree leaves (Manihot glaziovii Mull. Arg., 1874) for Etawa crossbred goats.","authors":"A Bain, Y N Sandhy, N S Asminaya, L O M Munadi, D Zulkarnain, L O Muhsafaat, R Rahman, L Malesi, A M Tasse","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.287849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.287849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite being abundantly available and nutritious, corn stover and Ceara rubber tree leaves are rarely used as livestock feed. However, these agriculture byproducts contain hard to digest nutrients to be used as feed for livestock. This study evaluates the fermentation characteristics (pH levels, ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3), and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and nutrient digestibility (dry matter digestibility_DMD, organic matter digestibility_OMD) of a silage-based diet composed of a mixture of corn stover and Ceara rubber tree leaves in Etawa crossbred goats in vitro. The hay, based on corn stover and Ceara rubber tree leaves, is supplemented with a concentrate comprising bran, pollard, coconut meal, tapioca waste, molasses, and urea. The research design employs a Randomized Complete Block Design with four treatments and four replications. The four treatments are as follows: T1 (60% forage silage with 60% corn stover, 30% Ceara rubber tree leaves, and 10% ground corn + 40% concentrate), T2 (60% forage silage with 65% corn stover, 27.5% Ceara rubber tree leaves, and 7.5% ground corn + 40% concentrate), T3 (60% forage silage with 70% corn stover, 25% Ceara rubber tree leaves, and 5% ground corn + 40% concentrate), and T4 (60% forage silage with 75% corn stover, 22.5% Ceara rubber tree leaves, and 2.5% ground corn + 40% concentrate). Data analysis involves variance analysis, and differences between treatments are tested using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results indicate that different combinations of corn stover and Ceara rubber tree leaves significantly impacted the N-NH3 level but did not significantly affect the pH, VFA total, DMD and OMD. This study concludes that combining both fermented ingredients creates a normal in vitro fermentation ecosystem capable of supporting the growth and activity of microorganisms in breaking down nutrients with high efficiency. Based on the results of the study, it proves that the implementation of fermentation technology on high fiber and low crude protein feed ingredients combined with ingredients containing nitrogen sources such as Ceara rubber tree can improve the nutrient content of silage from agricultural by-products.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e287849"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of exogenous melatonin on the placenta and inflammatory cytokines in rats submitted to chronic alcohol consumption.","authors":"M V Silva, B J Nascimento, E R Alves, A M G Santos, Y B Santos, C J C Lapa-Neto, I M F Melo, A A C Teixeira, V W Teixeira","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.285678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.285678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global alcohol consumption by pregnant women is approximately 9.8%. This consumption can hinder the interaction of the placenta with the fetus and increase levels of oxidative stress by altering and deregulating the expression of cytokines, leading to complications such as slow intrauterine development, such as low birth weight, premature babies and even stillbirths. It is known that melatonin is a natural antioxidant that acts mainly on the liver and also on various organs such as the ovary, placenta and the fetus itself. Melatonin can freely cross the placenta and exert effects on the mother and fetus. The present work aimed to analyze the effects of exogenous administration of melatonin during pregnancy on the placenta of rats subjected to chronic alcohol consumption. 30 albino rats were used, divided into 3 groups: Control - 10 pregnant rats that will not receive alcohol; Alcohol - 10 pregnant rats subjected to chronic alcohol consumption; Alcohol + Melatonin - 10 pregnant rats subjected to alcohol consumption associated with melatonin. Alcohol was administered at a dose of 3g/kg by gavage, while melatonin was administered at night at a dose of 0.8mg/kg intraperitoneally. The placentas were weighed and analyzed histopathologically, morphometrically and immunohistochemically. The results showed a significant reduction in placental weight in the alcohol group, disorganization in the labyrinthine zone and reduction of maternal and fetal vessels in the alcohol group. There was strong staining for TNF α and VEGF factors in the alcohol group. And as for PCNA, the control group and the alcohol + melatonin group showed the highest percentages of positive cells. And in relation to apoptosis, there was strong staining in the junctional zone of the placentas of females in the alcohol group. Therefore, it is concluded that melatonin has the potential to protect against the oxidative damage of ethanol in placental cells and can also regulate the generation of inflammatory cytokines.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e285678"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and spatial patterns of diversity along Cerrado remnants in Central-West Brazil.","authors":"A N Costa, R M Macedo, J Vaz-Silva, K M Alves, R Pacheco, E H M Vieira-Neto, F M Mundim","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.290806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.290806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ants are a diverse and ecologically important group of social insects, playing a key role in ecosystem functioning. However, significant gaps remain in our understanding of their distribution across the Brazilian biomes. In this study, we surveyed four sites within a poorly sampled region of the Cerrado, located between Mato Grosso (MT) and Goiás (GO) states in Brazil. Using attractive baits for ants foraging on the ground and in the vegetation, we conducted two rounds of sampling across 20 transects using 40 baits each, totaling 1,600 baits. We recorded 133 ant species from 34 genera and 8 subfamilies. Myrmicinae and Formicinae showed the highest species richness. The five most frequent species were from the genera Camponotus and Pheidole. Notably, 12 species are officially new records for MT and GO, including two rare species for Cerrado's myrmecofauna. Species richness per site ranged from 59 to 80 species, with the lowest richness occurring where all sampling comprised only savanna habitat, while sites harboring savanna and forest habitats yielded higher species counts, suggesting that vegetation heterogeneity promotes ant diversity. We also recorded more species on the ground (118) than in the vegetation (78). There were marked differences in richness and composition between strata, highlighting the vertical stratification of ant communities. These findings improve our understanding of ant diversity, but additional surveys are needed to better characterize the myrmecofauna across this region of the Cerrado. Furthermore, we encourage biologists to share their consultancy species lists, which could help to fill many knowledge gaps existing about Brazilian biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e290806"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of zinc oxide nanoparticles supplementation on alleviate side effects of cisplatin induced cardiotoxicity in rats.","authors":"A M Al-Lbban","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.287764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.287764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cisplatin is one of the most potent chemotherapeutics for treating a wide range of tumor forms. Its use is severely limited due to cause cardiotoxicity. The goal of this investigate estimated the proactive effect of ZnONPs against cardiotoxicity induced by cisplatin (CP). The rats were classed as control-positive (group two), and different groups from third to seventh were given one milliliter of individually dosed ZnONPs at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/kg daily and compared with control negative group (group one). Atherogenic indices (AC, CRR, and AI), lipid peroxidation, heart tissue antioxidant enzymes, cytokines, and specific serum biomarkers lipid profiles (TC, TG, HDL, and LDL), and kidney functions were assessed in serum at the ending of the biological experimental. Findings were in view that these parameters improved gradually when the doses of ZnONPs in the various rat groups were increased to 50 mg/kg/day/bw. Measurements of pro-inflammatory, antioxidant, and oxidant biomarkers in heart tissue also showed that, at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day, the various rat groups progressively recovered to a level equivalent to that of the healthy control group. This clarifies why ZnONPs guard against heart tissue injury. It was determined that ZnONPs, with a more marked improvement, considerably reduced oxidative stress, suppressed inflammation, and inhibited apoptosis, thereby improving cisplatin-induced heart damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e287764"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of biofertilizer BiomeFert-1 on growth and productivity of Capsicum frutescens L.","authors":"Fatimah, N A A Hidayat, S Salsabila, N D Rahayuningtyas, A N P Soelistyo, T Nurhariyati, Nimatuzahroh","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.289368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.289368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to determine the effect of various biofertilizer dosages and application frequencies on the growth and productivity of Capsicum frutescens L., as well as to evaluate the RAE (Relative Agronomic Effectiveness) of these treatments. The experiment involved three different dosages of BiomeFert-1 (5, 10, and 15 mL/plant) applied at different frequencies, i.e., once (1 week after planting-WAP), twice (1 and 4 WAP), and three times (1, 4, and 8 WAP). Plant growth parameters measured included plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter, while productivity was assessed based on the number of flowers produced. Growth data were descriptively observed, and productivity was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA. Plants treated with twice the applications of 10 mL biofertilizer resulted in the biggest height growth. The single application of 15 mL biofertilizer produced the most leaves. The largest stem diameter was achieved by plants treated with 15 mL biofertilizer applied three times. Meanwhile, a single application of 10 mL biofertilizer resulted in the best productivity, most flowers, and the highest RAE value (134%).</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e289368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yeasts isolates from bovine rumen can improve the in vitro digestibility of Urochloa decumbens.","authors":"E R Duarte, S M Lima, C E S Freitas, H A R Maia, V S Matins-Júnior, F O Abrão, J M S Alves, V L Santos, L C Geraseev, J Cota","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.288025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.288025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Commercial yeast has been frequently employed to improve the digestibility of ruminant diets, albeit these microorganisms are not indigenous to the rumen microbiome. In this investigation, our aim was to assess the in vitro digestibility of Urochloa decumbens hay (UDH) with the incorporation of two selected yeast strains isolated of ruminal fluid of Zebu cattle. Rumen fluid was collected at the onset, midpoint, and final of the dry period in a semiarid region Brazil. UDH samples were obtained from the same region. Within simulated ruminal chambers, we included McDougall buffer solution, ruminal fluid, Ankon F-57 bags containing UDH samples. Sabouraud broth (control), V62 yeast (Pichia kudriavzevii), V5 yeast (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa), or a combination thereof (mixture) were evaluated as inoculant to the ruminal fluid. The incorporation of V5, the combination of both isolates, and V5 alone resulted in significantly elevated in vitro dry matter digestibility of UDH for ruminal fluid collected at the initial, intermediate, and final stages of the dry season, respectively. Moreover, the yeast isolates demonstrated resilience to the in vitro acid digestion process, indicating their potential utility in the formulation of probiotics or microbial supplements for ruminants raised in tropical pastures during dry season.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e288025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in Klebsiella spp. isolates from Intensive Care Units in the Brazilian Amazon.","authors":"R S Rodrigues, A G Carvalho, M E P Silva, I V G Ramos, N C S Lima, R P Esquerdo, M G L Belém, R L M Taborda, A P D Carvalho-Assef, N B Matos","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.286461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.286461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Klebsiella spp. is an opportunistic pathogen which poses a significant threat to public health, especially due to antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance profile, biofilm formation and β-lactamases production in Klebsiella spp. strains from clinical samples obtained from hospitalized patients, health professionals and hospital environment of intensive care units (ICUs) in Brazilian Amazon. The strains were obtained from clinical samples in different hospitals and identified using molecular techniques. The antimicrobial susceptibility was investigated via disk diffusion and microdilution. Biofilm formation was evaluated using a microtiter plate assay, while the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemases production was assessed via disk approximation tests and combined disk tests, respectively. A total of 226 Klebsiella spp. strains were identified, with 141 coming from patients hospitalized in ICUs, 54 from healthcare workers, and 31 from hospital structures. Collection sites that showed the highest frequencies of isolated bacteria were the armpit (43,3%), oral cavity (42.6%), nasal cavity (70.4%), beds (54.8%) and mechanical ventilation (19.4%). Klebsiella spp. isolates from hospitalized patients and hospital ICU environments showed a high frequency of resistance (>50%) to the antibiotics, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and aztreonam, and greater sensitivity (>70%) to carbapenems, amikacin and polymyxin B. Samples obtained from hospital structures (74.2%) and patients (51.8%) exhibited a high rate of multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates. In addition, 29% of Klebsiella isolates were found to produce ESBL and 15.5% carbapenemases. Biofilm formation was observed in 58.4% (132/226) of the isolates, with percentages of 64.5% (91/141) in hospitalized patients, 51.6% (16/31) on hospital structures, and 46.3% (25/54) among healthcare professionals. These results indicated a high percentage of antibiotics resistance and MDR in isolates from hospital structures and patients, which also showed ability to produce biofilms, ESBL and carbapenemases. Our findings reinforce the need to monitor resistance and adopt measures aimed at preventing the spread of MDR bacteria in ICUs.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e286461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Chinese potato (Colocasia esculenta, Araceae) to abiotic and biotic stress, and the effectiveness of treatment with the fungus Trichoderma harzianum.","authors":"C E Ortiz Vásquez, N Rodríguez Castillo, A Zuluaga Trochez","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.284571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.284571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change intensifies drought, which increases susceptibility to phytopathogens in several crops such as the Chinese potato (Colocasia esculenta). This species is cultivated in tropical areas mainly for the production of corms, which are affected by Fusarium oxysporum dry rot. Phytopathology treated with toxic chemicals, which highlights the biocontroller Trichoderma harzianum, which also helps reduce the effects related to drought in other crops. Therefore, the objective was to characterize the response of C. esculenta to drought and infection by F. oxysporum, and the effectiveness of treatment with T. harzianum. Greenhouse tests were carried out with three factors (F. oxysporum, T. harzianum and drought), each with two levels (presence and absence) (N=48). Plant growth was evaluated for 30 days, in addition to the relative chlorophyll content, maximum efficiency of photosystem II, water content (WC%), incidence and severity. It was obtained that abiotic and biotic stress decreases growth. Drought lowered photosynthetic efficiency, and both stressors reduced chlorophyll in plants not treated with T. harzianum. Stress decreased leaf and corm WC%, but this effect was reduced by the biocontroller. This fungus reduced the incidence of F. oxysporum, and the severity of foliar symptoms for both types of stress. In conclusion, abiotic and biotic stress differentially impacts C. esculenta, and T. harzianum tends to improve growth under stress. However, more studies are required to evaluate its benefit on productivity. This work is one of the first to describe the stress response of this crop, and highlights its importance for future technification plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e284571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric characteristics of Bambu Apus rabbit.","authors":"A K Islami, H Nuraini, B Brahmantiyo, E Handiwirawan, F Saputra, N Azizah, C Hidayat, W Sulistiono","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.289225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.289225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rabbit meat is a source of protein and is beneficial to health. Bambu Apus rabbits are formed from crosses of several rabbit breeds and have adapted to the environment of DKI Jakarta. The development of rabbits is expected to support an integrated and sustainable urban livestock farming program (sustainable integrated urban farming). The samples used were 65 adult Bambu Apus rabbits and secondary data from 40 adult Rex rabbits and 40 adult New Zealand White rabbits. The observed variables included body weight and morphometrics such as head length, head width, head height, chest circumference, chest width, chest depth, radius ulna length, humerus length, tibia length, femur length, backbone length, hip width, ear length, and ear width. Variance analysis of each variable was carried out through SAS software version 9.4 using PROC GLM procedure, PROC DISCRIM was used for Mahalanobis distance analysis, PROC CANDISC was used for canonical analysis, and MEGA11 software for phenogram tree. The results of discriminant analysis showed that the Bambu Apus rabbit had different morphometric characteristics from the Rex and New Zealand White rabbit. The average weight of Bambu Apus rabbits was 2473.54±480.13 g higher (P<0.05) than Rex rabbit, chest depth 8.69±1.11 cm greater (P<0.05) than Rex and New Zealand White rabbit, backbone length 37.84±3.51 cm longer (P<0.05) than Rex rabbit. Genetic distance and phenogram tree construction showed low kinship relationship between Bambu Apus rabbit with Rex rabbits and New Zealand White rabbit. The results suggested that the genetic of Bambu Apus rabbit has a predisposed to be produced as tropical climate adapted broiler rabbits.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e289225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic variability in soybean with resistance to cyst nematode and powdery mildew: impact of multi-parent crosses on recombination and genetic diversity.","authors":"F R S Muniz, J S Souza, A C R Moitinho, I M B Torneli, S H Unêda-Trevisoli, T Pfeiffer, A O Di Mauro","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.290697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.290697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic variability generated from two-way, four-way, and eight-way hybridizations in soybean, derived from parental lines contrasting in resistance to cyst nematode and powdery mildew. We assessed F2 populations using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) molecular markers located within the 50 cM region surrounding the Rmd (powdery mildew) and Rhg1 (cyst nematode) resistance genes. All markers were nonsignificant by chi-square test (P > 0.05), indicating that observed values align with the expected genotypic inheritance ratio in F2 populations (1:2:1). Lower polymorphism observed among parents explained the reduced recombination frequency in these populations. A higher mean crossover rate was observed in G4 (4.00) within linkage group G, and J8 (2.91) within linkage group J. In terms of the number of generations needed to form each population, crossover rates of 2.02 and 0.97 were found for G2 and J8, respectively. Recombination between alleles was present in some populations. Crosses involving a greater number of parents exhibited a higher frequency of crossovers, which positively impacts genetic variability. Therefore, the inclusion of more than two parents in hybridizations is recommended to enhance crossover frequency and genetic diversity. These findings provide valuable insights for breeding programs aiming to improve resistance in soybean, indicating that multi-parental crosses can be a strategic approach to increase genetic diversity and resilience against pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e290697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}