Brazilian Journal of Biology最新文献

{"title":"Insecticidal activity and restoration of piriproxifen action by monoterpenes on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).","authors":"I F da Silva-Neto, C D de M Oliveira-Tintino, S R Tintino, F R de Azevedo","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.288283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.288283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim was to evaluate the insecticidal action and restoration of piriproxifen (PP) activity through the monoterpenes carveol and β-citronellol on Aedes aegypti. Eggs were placed to incubate in trays with distilled water and fish food to obtain larvae at the third instar (L3). Monoterpenes were used individually in four repetitions at doses of 6.2; 12.5; 25 and 50 µL. For activity restoration, three doses of 5.0; 6.2 and 8.0 µL were used, as well as PP dissolved in distilled water. Ae. aegypti larvae were evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 h after exposure. It was found that both carveol and β-citronellol showed insecticidal activities against Ae. aegypti. Regarding modulation, the two monoterpenes potentiated the activity of PP. In this sense, studies are needed to elucidate the molecular targets of these bioactive molecules, as well as to explore them in synergy with other compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e288283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive potential and chemical profile of extracts of Psidium oligospermum Mart. ex DC. (Myrtaceae).","authors":"T S Rocha, E J Marques, C M Nascimento, M C Silva, H V M Boness, V L C Vale","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.290748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.290748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioactive compounds from species of the genus Psidium have shown significant pharmacological properties, becoming promising alternatives for the development of therapeutic strategies for numerous pathologies. Psidium oligospermum Mart. Ex DC (Myrtaceae) is among species of this genus whose extracts have not been investigated in phytochemical or biological studies, making it a potential source of bioactive compounds. This objective of this study was to investigate properties bioactive of stem and leaf extracts of P. oligospermum using different solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol). Antimicrobial potential, antioxidant activity, and effects on cell viability were evaluated, as well as concentrations of total phenolics and flavonoids and other chemical parameters. The extracts inhibited Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus), Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella choleraesuis), and fungi (Candida albicans and Candida glabrata) by the disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods, with bactericidal activity for Gram-positive bacteria. The extracts showed antioxidant effects, with reductions of up to 84% in DPPH free radicals. The absence of toxicity in extracts obtained with ethanol and ethyl acetate was observed through hemolytic tests with sheep erythrocytes and viability tests using Artemia salina, whereas the hexane leaf extract showed moderate toxicity. The bioactivity of the extracts is related to the presence of different classes of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, anthraquinones, phenols, and flavonoids. These findings provide important chemical and pharmacological information indicating that Psidium oligospermum is a promising source of compounds with therapeutic properties; however, further research using other evaluation techniques is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e290748"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selectivity of water-based extracts of Serjania spp. on Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), an endoparasitoid of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).","authors":"E C Faca, E A Ferreira, H C Pereira, A Rodrigues, R M Da Silva, C A G Fioratti, F F Pereira, R Mussury","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.284440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.284440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of botanical insecticides is a sustainable alternative for the regulation of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in brassica crops. Similarly, biological control with parasitoids can be an effective tool when integrated with bioinsecticides. However, the safety of natural insect enemies must be prioritized within pest control programs. The objective was to evaluate the effects of the water-based extracts of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) and Serjania marginata Casar (Sapindaceae), at 5% and 10% concentrations, on the reproduction of Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff, 1893) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in larvae of P. xylostella, topically treated with extracts. In addition, we evaluated the survival of adult females of T. howardi exposed to the respective extracts of Serjania spp. For this purpose, two bioassays were conducted. In the first, 4th instar larvae of P. xylostella were selected, and 20 μL of each treatment was applied topically (S. erecta 5%, S. erecta 10%, S. marginata 5%, S. marginata 10%, distilled water) in each larva and then exposed to T. howardi parasitism for 48 hours. The percentage of parasitism and emergence (%), life cycle length (days), total number of progeny, sex ratio and adult longevity were evaluated. In the second bioassay, the ASPECLE (Evaluation of Pesticide Selectivity under Extended Laboratory Conditions) system, adapted from the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) standard model, was used. In this bioassay, five cabbage leaf disks were introduced in each glass cylinder of the ASPECLE system, duly treated with distilled water, aqueous extracts of S. erecta and S. marginata, at concentrations of 5% and 10%, or acephate. Subsequently, ten adult females of T. howardi were released in each cylinder and the system was activated. Parasitoid survival was evaluated for 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours. The aqueous extracts of S. marginata and S. erecta at concentrations of 5% and 10% did not interfere in the parasitism of T. howardi on 4th instar larvae of P. xylostella. Field experiments should be developed to prove the negative effect of aqueous extracts of S. marginata and S. erecta on other biological characteristics of T. howardi. As a precaution, releases of T. howardi and sprays of aqueous extracts of S. marginata and S. erecta should be made at different times for the biological management of P. xylostella.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e284440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total factor productivity change in broiler insurance: evidence from Iran.","authors":"M E Hasan-Nejad, A Mohamadi-Nejad, M Ghorbani, S Y Zeraatkish","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.286976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.286976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insurance is one of the primary risk management tools in the agricultural sector. In Iran, the crop insurance fund operates as a quasi-government institution, and many agricultural insurance practices have remained traditional for years without necessary innovations. In 2016, managers of crop insurance fund decided to adopt a Negotiation-Oriented insurance approach for the first time in broiler industry. In this approach, all steps including the determination of insurance premiums were conducted through consultation and coordination with the broiler industry producers' union, rather than being dictated by government directives. This research analyzes changes in total factor productivity of broiler insurance before and after the implementation of this new approach, using the Malmquist index and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Data were collected from the Iran crop Insurance fund's Comprehensive System (CS) for the period of 2010-2020. The results indicate that after the implementation of the negotiation-oriented method, total factor productivity of insurance in the broiler industry improved by 19.7% annually during 2016-2020.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e286976"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial multiresistance in microorganisms of the Enterobacterales order isolated from exotic passerines from farms in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza.","authors":"L S Melo, A J F Beleza, A R Marques, B P Lima, C C Fontão, C D S Ribeiro, C H G Nogueira, C M P Freitas, L B S Lemos, N M Pascoal Filho, R S C Teixeira, W C Maciel","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.284439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.284439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to assess the degree of antimicrobial resistance in strains of the Enterobacterales order isolated from exotic passerine birds originated from breeding facilities in the metropolitan region of Fortaleza. For this purpose, 104 strains of ten different bacterial species were used. To perform the antibiogram, ten antibiotics from eight pharmacological classes were employed. Among the main results, a high resistance rate was found for some antimicrobials, notably ampicillin (91.35%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (47.12%). Additionally, relevant rates of resistance were also found for meropenem, a controlled-use antibiotic. Concerning the bacterial species, Escherichia coli showed resistance to nine out of the ten tested antibiotics, and out of the 24 strains used, eight showed resistance to at least three antibiotics, classified as multidrug-resistant. Thus, the results presented reinforce the need for surveillance regarding multidrug-resistant strains because, besides causing harm to animal health, they could also become a public health problem due to the zoonotic potential that some strains possess.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e284439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Pleurotus ostreatus P. Kumm cultivation on peel of the fruit of Astrocaryum aculeatum (Jacq.) G. Mey by investigating the influence of moisture and supplementation with wheat bran.","authors":"K M Lotas, R S K Fonseca, J C M Costa, A C A Cortez, F C A Souza, F S Fernandes, J F V Ennes, J P A Silva, L M Carneiro, E S M Canto, S E Zelski, J V B Souza, E S Souza","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.288450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.288450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the impact of moisture and wheat bran supplementation on the biological efficiency (BE) and nutritional profile of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm cultivated on peels of Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey. Utilizing a factorial design, variations in substrate composition were systematically analyzed to determine optimal conditions for mushroom yield. The methodology encompassed strain acquisition, spawn and substrate preparation, fruiting induction, biological efficiency calculation, and chemical composition analysis of both substrate and mushrooms. Results highlighted a significant variance in BE across different levels of moisture and bran supplementation, with the highest BE (45.6%) observed at 50% moisture and 5% bran supplementation. Statistical analysis revealed that both factors, individually and interactively, significantly influence BE. The chemical analysis of mushrooms showcased a nutritious profile, emphasizing the potential of this cultivation approach for producing high-value food sources. The findings contribute to the understanding of substrate optimization for mushroom cultivation, and provides information on sustainable agricultural practices and food security.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e288450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation with Ocimum gratissimum essential oil improves the intestinal bacterial populations of Piaractus mesopotamicus.","authors":"A P Moreira, J J F Lima, F C de Oliveira, N Levy-Pereira, E C Chagas, C E Fernandes, A L J Ferraz, C M de Campos","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.283524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.283524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplementation Ocimum gratissimum essential oil (EO) on pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) intestinal microbiota and morphometry. In this study, juveniles of P. mesopotamicus were fed with diets supplemented with 0.5 and 1% of Ocimum gratissimum EO for 30 days. At the end of this period, the intestinal microbiota of the pacus was relatively quantified through qPCR, and the intestinal morphometry was evaluated using histometric methods. O. gratissimum EO feeding supplementation at 1% significantly altered the intestinal microbiota of juvenile pacus, resulting in higher relative quantification of bacteria from the genera Enterococcus and Bacillus when compared to 0.5% and control groups. O. gratissimum EO feeding supplementation presented no effects in intestinal morphometry. Our results suggest that the feeding supplementation of P. mesopotamicus with O. gratissimum at 1% concentration during 30 days modulates the intestinal bacterial populations but do not cause any changes in intestinal morphometry.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e283524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xanthophylls: potential benefits in protecting against UV burns.","authors":"D Q Tavares, G C Santos, I M A S Mangussi, L R Vital, L M Nascimento, C R Oliveira","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.288662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.288662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a significant risk factor for sunburn (solar erythema) and skin cancer. Current treatments focus primarily on symptom relief, making the need for new therapeutic approaches urgent. Xanthophylls, a class of natural pigments with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, show promise in the management of UV burns. This review aimed to systematically analyze the potential of xanthophylls for the management of UV burns, evaluating their efficacy in clinical and experimental studies. A literature review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. Searches were conducted in the PUBMED, Virtual Health Library and EMBASE databases for eligible articles, using combinations of keywords such as astaxanthin, lutein, fucoxanthin and their effects on burns. Three independent reviewers conducted the search and selection of studies with inclusion criteria that addressed the use of xanthophylls in the treatment of burns, their mechanisms of action, pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches. Systematic reviews, letters, conference abstracts and case reports were excluded, considering only articles published in English. The articles were pre-selected by reading titles and abstracts, and the pre-selected studies were read in full for the final selection. Xanthophylls with potential benefits were identified, highlighting lutein, astaxanthin and violaxanthin, which demonstrated antioxidant activity by reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitigating inflammatory responses in skin cells exposed to UV radiation. Furthermore, evidence suggests that these xanthophylls promote skin barrier function and accelerate healing, enhancing recovery from UV burns. In conclusion, this review suggests a promising role for xanthophylls in alleviating UV burn symptoms and promoting skin healing. However, further research, including in vivo studies and clinical trials, is needed to validate its therapeutic potential, determine the optimal dosage, and optimize its delivery for effective UV burn control.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e288662"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticidal activity of Psychotria spp., Vatairea spp. and Acosmium spp. on the biological parameters of Plutella xy-lostella L. 1758 (Plutellidae: Lepidoptera).","authors":"R M Da Silva, C A G Fioratti, E C Faca, J R C Mauad, M Mauad, R M Mussury","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.282960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.282960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, several botanical species have been tested to determine their ability to reduce the damage caused by Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in brassica crops. Considering the insecticidal potential demonstrated by many botanical species, the effects of the aqueous extracts of Psychotria leiocarpa Cham. & Schltdl, Psychotria deflexa DC., Acosmium subelegans (Mohlenbr.) Yakovlev and Vatairea macrocarpa (Benth.) Ducke by infusion and maceration on the biological parameters of P. xylostella were evaluated. All extracts reduced P. xylostella larval duration and caused larval and egg mortality. In the larvae, the extracts resulted in 70% mortality. In addition, the botanical extracts affected the survival of P. xylostella eggs. The extracts of P. leiocarpa and P. deflexa, prepared by infusion, delayed the emergence of adults, while the extract of V. macrocarpa reduced pupal survival. The longevity of adults was also influenced by the extracts, where the maceration of V. macrocarpa and P. deflexa and infusion of A. subelegans reduced the longevity of P. xylostella females and the maceration of V. macrocarpa and P. leiocarpa reduced the longevity of P. xylostella males. We conclude that the studied extracts were toxic to P. xylostella, especially in the reproduction, of diamondback moth. Consequently, the botanical extracts reduced the number of individuals of the next generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"e282960"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seedling quality of Cordia trichotoma under different container volumes and fertilizers.","authors":"T R Silva, C A Milhomem, D C V Silva, F F Dias, C M Silva, V B Cabral, R M Bardales-Lozano, G Schwartz, L F S Dionisio","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.288394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.288394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The success of forest plantations depends on the quality of seedlings, which can be ensured through nursery techniques. This study aimed to assess the growth of Cordia trichotoma seedlings in two container volumes combined with four fertilizer compositions. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with four replications: two container volumes (170 and 270 cm3) and four fertilizer compositions (Basacote® [NPK 15-8-12]; Basacote® + Phusion® [NPK 9-40-00]; Polyblen® [NPK 20-5-20]; and Polyblen® + Phusion®). Tube volume significantly influenced shoot height, root length, shoot, root, and total dry mass, with 270 cm3 tube presenting higher means (21.26 cm; 19.06 cm; 1.79 g; 3.60 g and 5.39 g, respectively), except for root regeneration potential. The factors tube volume and fertilizer had isolated effects on stem collar diameter and the Dickson Quality Index, with heist means the 270 cm3 tube (5.0 mm and 1.11, respectively) and the Basacote® fertilizer (4.77 mm and 0.99, respectively). Interaction between factors was observed in the shoot height/stem collar diameter ratio, dry mass of shoot/root dry mass ratio, and lignification index. Using 270 cm3 containers and Basacote® fertilizer resulted in better development of C. trichotoma seedlings.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e288394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143659905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}