Brazilian Journal of Biology最新文献

{"title":"Corn physicochemical properties affect Sitophilus zeamais losses.","authors":"Z F Carneiro, E L Serpa-Neto, H C Pereira, G S Andrade, J C Zanuncio, A P D Contreiras-Rodrigues, D Cortese","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.291868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.291868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, 1885 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the primary insect pests affecting maize in Brazil. Due to the limited availability of active compounds for insect control, there is a pressing need to explore alternative sources of resistance, potentially harboring genetic reservoirs for material improvement. This study aimed to identify resistant maize varieties by assessing S. zeamais emergence, amylase enzyme inhibitors, susceptibility indices, and nutritional analysis of the grains. Eight maize varieties, namely Azteca, Caiano, Colorado, Maisena, Oaxaca, Oito Carreira, Palha Roxa, and Rajado, were evaluated. Unsexed S. zeamais adults were confined in 250 mL plastic bottles containing grains of each maize variety for ten days, with ten replications for copulation and oviposition. After the incubation period, the insects were removed, and the infested grains stored for an additional thirty days. The emergence of S. zeamais was monitored every two days, and the pots were discarded after three consecutive evaluations without emergence. The amylase enzyme inhibitors, as a potential factor influencing resistance, was also analyzed. The susceptibility index was the primarily parameter used to evaluate resistance of maize varieties to S. zeamais adults. The Colorado, Oaxaca, and Oito Carreira maize varieties were resistant through antibiosis and the Azteca, Caiano and Rajado were moderately resistant. In contrast, the Maisena and Palha Roxa varieties were susceptible to S. zeamais. The Azteca variety was moderately resistant, despite its high levels of amylase enzyme inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e291868"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sympatry and evolution: relationships between the endemic Myrcia guarujana and the widely distributed M. spectabilis.","authors":"M A G Magenta, L F Almeida, L M Rocha, C E A Batista, R H G Priolli","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.294682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.294682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Sympatry and evolution in myrcia: </strong>Myrcia spectabilis DC. has a wide distribution in the south and southeast Brazilian regions. M. guarujana Sobral, Magenta & Caliari is known from the few collections in submontane ombrophilous forest and a transitional site between restinga and ombrophilous forest in São Paulo state. These species are morphologically similar and occur in sympatry, which prompted us to investigate the morphological aspects, sequence the genomes and consider the effects of such sympatry. In a fragment of Brasilian Atlantic rainforest, we collected leaves from individuals of M. guarujana and M. spectabilis. Morphological analysis and DNA extraction were performed for sequencing and construction of the GBS library. A total of 3,429 loci containing neutral SNP markers were identified, and 446 represented outlier loci. The fixation index (FST) had a high value (0.735; p < 0.05). By AMOVA, the highest variance percentage found was 73.54% (P = 0.0079) between the species. Principal component analysis presented two clusters referring to the species, with the MS1 (M. spectabilis- 1) sample isolated from both. On the neighbour-joining dendrogram, both species presented strongly sustained branches (100 and 99, respectively), and MS1 emerged as an intermediate. Among the outlier loci, we have LNG1, which promotes foliar elongation, and MYB82, a transcription activator functionally equivalent to GL1, in which high levels of expression result in decreased trichome abundance. Studies with more representative samples, together with the discovery of the SNPs found here, will constitute a powerful tool to understand the evolution, diversification, and conservation of these two species.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e294682"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and social determinants of tuberculosis in the Brazilian Amazon: a five-year multilevel and cluster-based analysis in Pará state, 2018-2022.","authors":"C Andrade-Sales, P A Mendonça-Cavalcante, A P Simões-Castro, M P Moreira-Sena, A P Galvão-Fonseca, A G N Cardoso-Mello, C A Abreu-Alberio, J L Fernandes-Vieira, L W Pereira-Sena","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.296615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.296615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis remains a major public health concern in Brazil, particularly in the Amazon region, where its distribution is shaped by persistent social inequalities and environmental pressures. This study analyzed the spatial and sociodemographic dynamics of tuberculosis in the state of Pará, Northern Brazil, between 2018 and 2022. A total of 26,127 confirmed cases were identified through the Notifiable Diseases Information System and the National Registry of Health Establishments. We applied empirical Bayes smoothing and Kulldorff's spatial scan statistic to detect high-risk territorial clusters and used multilevel logistic regression to assess individual and contextual predictors of unfavorable treatment outcomes. The disease primarily affected men, young adults aged 15-49 years, individuals with low educational attainment, and those self-identified as of mixed race. Spatial analysis revealed persistent high-risk clusters in the Metropolitan Region of Belém and a progressive expansion into Southeastern and South-Central municipalities. Lower education and Black or mixed-race identity were independently associated with a higher likelihood of unfavorable outcomes. The findings underscore the importance of integrating spatial epidemiology with multilevel modeling to uncover both individual and territorial determinants of tuberculosis. They highlight the need for geographically targeted interventions, the expansion of primary care services, and intersectoral public policies aimed at mitigating structural vulnerabilities in the Brazilian Amazon. Our results provide evidence to support precision public health strategies and enhance local planning in regions of high social and environmental risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e296615"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Featuring the ovarian morphological of Cichla kelberi Kullander & Ferreira, 2006 introduced in a Basin adjacent to the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Northeastern Brazil.","authors":"D C S Mendes, K S Noleto, I F S Carvalho, J M Andrade, A V Carvalho-Neta, J R S Torres-Júnior, L M Costa-Junior","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.291248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.291248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peacock bass (Ciclha kelberi) has been introduced in reservoirs in Brazil; however, information about its reproductive aspects and gonadal maturation remains scarce. Studies on this field carried out in Maranhão State, Brazil mainly address information from lakes and specific regions. The aims of the present study are to feature the gonads and female germ cells of C. kelberi captured in a basin by Lençóis Maranhenses National Park. Thirty specimens were collected, euthanized and weighed. Their gonads were subsequently removed and taken to histological processing. Females were classified as synchronous in multiple batches. Germ cells were featured as Primordial Follicles, Primary Development, Cortical Alveoli, Lipid Vitellogenesis, Lipid-Protein Vitellogenesis and Complete Vitellogenesis. Post-ovulatory and Atretic Follicles were also observed. The smallest cell (in diameter) was observed in primordial follicle cells (16.7 µm) and the largest one was recorded for atretic follicle cells (453.5 µm). The smallest cell area was 580.9 µm2 and the largest one was 300,240.7 µm2. The collected data differed from those recorded other reservoirs in Maranhão State and for other locations in Brazil. This finding points out that this species remains under adaption to the lotic environment in Preguiças River, at Lençóis Maranhenses National Park. Additional research is necessary to help better understanding the long-term reproductive and ecological aspects of the assessed species in order to support the sustainable management of this basin.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e291248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the population ecological characteristics and the stock status of mitre squid (Uroteuthis chinensis Gray, 1849) in Belitung waters, Indonesia.","authors":"R Kurniawan, Tirtadanu, R Puspasari, M R A Putri, K Amri, A Rahman, Y Sugianti, Mujiyanto, P Lestari, K Wagiyo","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.292066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.292066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The intensive fishing and lack of data for squid fisheries in Belitung waters have increased the risk of stock population decline, which could lead to large economic losses. Comprehensive studies on the biological aspects and stock status of squid were crucial to developing some management recommendations. This study investigated several population ecological characteristics (size distribution, length-weight relationship, condition factors, maturity stages, length at maturity, and growth parameters), the stock status, and the biological reference points of mitre squid (Uroteuthis chinensis Gray, 1849) in Belitung waters. The squid's biological data were collected from August 2023 to March 2024. The stock status was investigated by several approaches, including length-converted catch-curve (LCC), yield per recruit (YPR) analysis, and length-based spawning potential ratio (LB-SPR). This study revealed that the mean size of male and female squid captured by squid jig was 16.22 ± 6.72 cm and 14.23 ± 3.65 cm (Mean of mantle length ± standard deviation), with the length at first maturity (Lm50) of 19 cm for males and 12 cm for females. Female gonadally mature squid were found throughout the year, with the largest proportion in January (93%). The overfishing condition of U. chinensis has occurred based on the current exploitation level for male (Ecur: 0.63; Fcur: 2.61 year-1) and female (Ecur: 0.72; Fcur: 4.39 year-1) that exceeds both the optimal exploitation rate (Eopt=0.5) and the fishing mortality given the maximum yield per recruit (Male Fmax: 2.08 year-1; Female Fmax: 3.35 year-1). Recruitment overfishing has also occurred based on the current spawning potential ratio of 18%. Reducing the fishing trips by 24%, applying a season closure in January, and enlarging the selectivity to 15 cm were recommended to raise the squid stock and ensure the sustainability of squid fisheries in Belitung waters.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e292066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of alternative packaging on the storage and quality of jatobá seeds (Hymenaea courbaril L.).","authors":"B S Lins, C F Lisboa, D G Araújo, I R Teixeira, R C Campos, L C Silva, M M R Borges, C S Silva, E C Santos, A B Pacheco","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.294256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.294256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril L.) is a tree species of the Fabaceae family with great socio-environmental importance Although the economic exploitation of this crop is increasing mainly in the Amazon region, the collection of information is still limited, especially related to the processing and quality of seeds. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of packaging types on the physical properties and physiological quality of jatobá seeds during storage. The treatments consisted of three types of packaging (PET bottle, plastic bag packaging and kraft paper packaging) and five storage periods (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months). Every two months, tests were carried out to evaluate the physical properties of the seeds: water content, mass of 100 seeds, mass loss, size and shape, sphericity, roundness, apparent specific mass, unitary specific mass, porosity and physiological quality: germination test, first count, electrical conductivity and accelerated aging. During the storage period, the water content of the seeds ranged from 8.9 to 9.7% (b.u). Among the main results, it can be seen that the PET packaging had the best performance during storage, for physical properties and physiological quality. Seeds can be stored for eight months without significantly losing viability and vigor.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e294256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial effect of cinnamaldehyde in a microemulsion system against oral colonizing biofilms.","authors":"C F B Bastos, F N Gomes-Filho, M H S Borges-Grisi, V C S C D'Assunção, A B C Barros, F H Xavier-Júnior, L F D Almeida","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.294221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.294221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the oral biofilm there are the presence of Streptococcus mutans, which is considered the main microorganism related to caries, and Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus oralis that are considered commensal microorganisms. Mechanical disorganization of the biofilm associated with antimicrobial agents represents an effective method of injury prevention. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of cinnamaldehyde-loaded microemulsion formulated in the presence (CEQ) and absence (CE) of chitosan. Single-species biofilms of S. mutans (UA159), S. mitis (ATCC 903) and S. oralis (ATCC 49456) were staggered (108 CFU/mL) and seeded in 96-well plates in BHI medium + 1% sucrose. The samples were incubated for 24 h and 48 h and then remained exposed for 24 h to CE and CEQ microemulsions. Microemulsions were produced by sonicator using cinnamaldehyde (1-10%). The concentration of chitosan included in the microemulsions was 0.1%. 0.12% chlorhexidine and BHI medium + 1% sucrose were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Subsequently, an analysis of cellular metabolism was performed using the MTT test. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test (α=5%). For S. oralis at 24 h, it was assumed that the 2.5% and 1% CE system showed activity similar to chlorhexidine (p>0.05). For the other biofilms, the effect of all concentrations of the CE and CEQ systems showed lower antimicrobial activity than chlorhexidine 0.12% (p<0.05). At 48 h, all microemulsion also showed lower activity than chlorhexidine (p<0.05). The antibacterial activity of cinnamaldehyde-loaded microemulsions was not dependent on concentration but varied according to the tested microorganism. The chitosan-based systems had low antimicrobial activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e294221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico study of the pharmacokinetics and human and environmental toxicological analysis of cannabidiol.","authors":"O Cardoso-Filho, M O Andrade, V A A Cardoso, V S Rodrigues, F S Guimarães, M D M Veloso, S R Arrudas, Y R F Nunes, L F Mota","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.291331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.291331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabidiol (CBD), a key cannabinoid found in Cannabis sativa, has garnered significant attention for its therapeutic potential, including antimicrobial, antipsychotic, and neuroprotective effects. This study conducted an in silico investigation to predict the pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile of CBD, using molecular modelling and computational simulations. The results revealed that CBD has favourable properties for oral bioavailability, including moderate molecular weight and compliance with Lipinski's Rule of Five, although its high lipophilicity (LogP) could limit absorption. CBD demonstrated a high ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, making it promising for central nervous system therapies. Toxicological assessments showed CBD to be non-carcinogenic and non-toxic to the kidneys or respiratory system. However, potential reproductive toxicity and interactions with hormonal receptors highlight areas requiring further research. Environmentally, CBD is highly biodegradable, posing minimal risk to bees and crustaceans, though its moderate toxicity to fish warrants ongoing ecotoxicological monitoring. Overall, CBD shows promise as a therapeutic agent, but certain risks require further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e291331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the antifertility performance by cashew nut shell extract (Anacardium occidentale L.) on Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout 1769.","authors":"H Harlita, M Indrowati, D P Sari, W Nugroho","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.293201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.293201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various plants can be used as safe and effective antifertility agents, one of which is cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.). Cashew nut shells contain phenolic compounds Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) or lacquer oil, which are effective antifertility agents in female rats, but there has been no research on male rats. The purpose of the study of antifertility agents of cashew nut shell extract in male rats includes analysis of the body weight, histological structure of the testes, testosterone levels, and assessing the microscopic quality of spermatozoa. Experimental research in the laboratory with a Completely Randomized Design. The test animals were Rattus norvegicus male Wistar strain aged two months, weighing 170-190 gr, totaling 24 divided into four treatment groups, each with six replications. The treatments given were 0.5% CMCNa (Control/T0), cashew nut shell extract 250 mg/kg body weight (Treatment 1/T1), 500 mg/kg body weight (T2), and 750 mg/kg body weight (T3). The treatment period was 25 days and every seven days body weight was measured. Testicular preparations were made using the paraffin method and Hematoxylin Eosin staining. Testosterone levels were tested using the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay method. Microscopic spermatozoa quality tests included motility, morphology, and number of spermatozoa. Analysis of the histological structure of the testes was analyzed descriptively qualitatively by comparing between treatments. One-way ANOVA at the 5% level was used to measure rat body weight, testosterone levels, motility, morphology and number of spermatozoa. The results showed that cashew nut shell extract had no effect on rat body weight (p>0.001). Repeated one-way measures to find out if the rat's mean body weight varied amongst the four treatments, an ANOVA was conducted. The rat's body weight did not differ statistically significantly between the treatments, according to an ANOVA (F statistic is 0.457 and the corresponding p value is 0.649). The rats body weight did not differ statistically significantly across the four treatments, according to the results of Bonferroni's test for multiple comparisons. The extract affected the histology of the seminiferous tubules in T3, namely atrophy, irregular shape, vacuolization and membrane fluidity. Between the interstitial tissue and the seminiferous tubules of the testes of rats in groups T1, T2 and T3 there was a gap or empty space called the phenomenon of tissue stretching (compliance). The extract significantly affected testosterone levels (p<0.001) and microscopic quality of spermatozoa, namely motility (p<0.001), morphology (p<0.001) and number of spermatozoa (p<0.001) which decreased with increasing extract dose. The results of the study concluded that the extract did not significantly affect the weight of rat, there were differences in the structure of the seminiferous tubules in T3, the extract significantly affected testosterone hormone levels and microscopic quality of s","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e293201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of antioxidant properties and nutritional composition of purslane (Portulaca oleracea) from arid regions.","authors":"K Makangali, T Tultabayeva, G Tokysheva, A Shoman, V Kiyan, S Abzhanova, D Aiken, D Amirkhanova, G Zamaratskaia","doi":"10.1590/1519-6984.296686","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1519-6984.296686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluates the antioxidant properties and nutritional composition of purslane (Portulaca oleracea) grown in the arid region of Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan. The antioxidant capacity of purslane was assessed using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay, yielding values of 43.5 ± 1.0 mg GAE g-1 dry weight, and DPPH radical scavenging activity, with a value of 83.8% at a concentration of 200 mcg/ml. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were recorded at 16.9 ± 0.4 mg GAE g-1 and 26.3 ± 1.0 mg rutin g-1, respectively. Additionally, purslane showed a high omega-3 fatty acid content, with linolenic acid (C18:3) being 26.7 ± 2.1%. The plant is also abundant in essential vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C (20.1 ± 4.6 mg 100 g-1), calcium (7656.2 ± 2663.7 mg 100 g-1), and iron (5309.7 ± 1056.8 mg 100 g-1). These findings support the potential use of purslane as a natural antioxidant source in the food industry and suggest further research into its applications in functional food development.</p>","PeriodicalId":55326,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Biology","volume":"85 ","pages":"e296686"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}