Use of new complex fertilizers to increase the yield and quality of flax products.

Abstract

Flax occupies an important place in the world food supply as an oil and fiber crop of general and multi-purpose use. It should be noted that modern agriculture uses varieties of flax with high productivity and resistance to stress conditions. Modern varieties of flax respond well to soil fertility, are drought-resistant, technologically advanced and reliable, and are adapted in many countries of the world and are grown on all continents. According to FAO, flax crops annually in the world amount to more than 8 million hectares of flax. The main types of products obtained from growing flax are seeds and fiber. For many centuries, fiber flax was grown to obtain fiber, and oil flax to obtain seeds and oil. Flax growing is a specific branch of plant growing, in which the production process can be divided into two production cycles: the first is growing and harvesting flax, the second is processing of raw materials. Analysis of the results by stages of production is carried out taking into account the quality of flax products. Quality control of the resulting products is an important criterion for deciding on their further use in production for the manufacture of various goods for the population. High-quality flax fiber should contain 75-80% cellulose, no more than 4-5% lignin, low content of pectin substances. Flaxseed is of great importance in the global food industry as a functional food product. The value of flax seeds is determined by their high content of fats, polyunsaturated fatty acids and proteins. Modern technologies for growing agricultural crops involve the use of new complex fertilizers that can provide plants with essential nutrients - macro- and microelements - during the growing season. The aim of the research was to study the effect of two new complex fertilizers: Complex-Zn and Complex-Extra on the yield and quality of products of two varieties of fiber flax. Research methodology. The studies were conducted over 3 years in field conditions. The varieties of fiber flax Dobrynya and Pamyati Krepkova were studied in the experiments. Flax plants were treated with the studied complex fertilizers during the onset of the formation phase of the first pair of true leaves until the formation of 5-6 pairs of true leaves. The effect of the studied fertilizers on changes in morphological characteristics and plant growth indicators, as well as on yield, was studied. After harvesting, the content of lipids and protein in flax seeds was determined by near infrared spectroscopy. The content of cellulose, lignin, pectin substances and ash in flax fiber was determined. Main research results. In our studies, the use of complex fertilizers containing macro- and microelements contributed to the improvement of plant growth and development, increased yield and quality of flax products by the end of the growing season.