Cognitive Systems Research最新文献_第8页

Post-hoc vs ante-hoc explanations: xAI design guidelines for data scientists 事后解释与事前解释：数据科学家的 xAI 设计指南

IF 3.9 3区心理学

Cognitive Systems Research Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101243

Carl O. Retzlaff , Alessa Angerschmid , Anna Saranti , David Schneeberger , Richard Röttger , Heimo Müller , Andreas Holzinger

{"title":"Post-hoc vs ante-hoc explanations: xAI design guidelines for data scientists","authors":"Carl O. Retzlaff , Alessa Angerschmid , Anna Saranti , David Schneeberger , Richard Röttger , Heimo Müller , Andreas Holzinger","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing field of explainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI) has given rise to a multitude of techniques and methodologies, yet this expansion has created a growing gap between existing xAI approaches and their practical application. This poses a considerable obstacle for data scientists striving to identify the optimal xAI technique for their needs. To address this problem, our study presents a customized decision support framework to aid data scientists in choosing a suitable xAI approach for their use-case. Drawing from a literature survey and insights from interviews with five experienced data scientists, we introduce a decision tree based on the trade-offs inherent in various xAI approaches, guiding the selection between six commonly used xAI tools. Our work critically examines six prevalent ante-hoc and post-hoc xAI methods, assessing their applicability in real-world contexts through expert interviews. The aim is to equip data scientists and policymakers with the capacity to select xAI methods that not only demystify the decision-making process, but also enrich user understanding and interpretation, ultimately advancing the application of xAI in practical settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55242,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Systems Research","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterising cognitively useful blends: Formalising governing principles of conceptual blending 描述有益于认知的混合：正式确定概念混合的指导原则

IF 3.9 3区心理学

Cognitive Systems Research Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101245

Dimitra Bourou , Marco Schorlemmer , Enric Plaza , Marcell Veiner

{"title":"Characterising cognitively useful blends: Formalising governing principles of conceptual blending","authors":"Dimitra Bourou , Marco Schorlemmer , Enric Plaza , Marcell Veiner","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose a model that conceptualises diagrammatic sensemaking and reasoning as blends of image schemas – patterns derived from our perceptual and embodied experiences and interactions with the environment – with the geometric structure of the diagram. Our ultimate goal is to develop an algorithmic method for determining several potential blends that hold cognitive value for observers. Building upon our formal, category-theoretic approach to conceptual blending, we extend it by formalising two governing principles of blending. These principles serve as guides for the blending process, directing the cognitive construction of the blend. As these principles may compete with each other and favour different blend structures, we argue that their combination leads to cognitively useful blends. Through examples of several alternative blends of the geometric configuration of a particular Hasse diagram with the <span>SCALE</span> image schema, we demonstrate the implications of these competing pressures on diagrammatic reasoning. Consequently, this work disambiguates and operationalises the intricacies of conceptual blending, advancing its applicability in computational systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55242,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Systems Research","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140844091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Explanatory models in neuroscience, Part 1: Taking mechanistic abstraction seriously 神经科学中的解释模型，第 1 部分：认真对待机械抽象理论

IF 2.1 3区心理学

Cognitive Systems Research Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101244

Rosa Cao , Daniel Yamins

{"title":"Explanatory models in neuroscience, Part 1: Taking mechanistic abstraction seriously","authors":"Rosa Cao , Daniel Yamins","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the recent success of neural network models in mimicking animal performance on various tasks, critics worry that these models fail to illuminate brain function. We take it that a central approach to explanation in systems neuroscience is that of mechanistic modeling, where understanding the system requires us to characterize its parts, organization, and activities, and how those give rise to behaviors of interest. However, it remains controversial what it takes for a model to be mechanistic, and whether computational models such as neural networks qualify as explanatory on this approach.</p><p>We argue that certain kinds of neural network models are actually good examples of mechanistic models, when an appropriate notion of mechanistic mapping is deployed. Building on existing work on model-to-mechanism mapping (3M), we describe criteria delineating such a notion, which we call 3M++. These criteria require us, first, to identify an abstract level of description that is still detailed enough to be “runnable”, and then, to construct model-to-brain mappings using the same principles as those employed for brain-to-brain mapping across individuals.</p><p>Perhaps surprisingly, the abstractions required are just those already in use in experimental neuroscience and deployed in the construction of more familiar computational models — just as the principles of inter-brain mappings are very much in the spirit of those already employed in the collection and analysis of data across animals.</p><p>In a companion paper, we address the relationship between optimization and intelligibility, in the context of functional evolutionary explanations. Taken together, mechanistic interpretations of computational models and the dependencies between form and function illuminated by optimization processes can help us to understand why brain systems are built they way they are.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55242,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Systems Research","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140770568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on emotion modeling of intelligent agents in earthquake evacuation simulation 地震疏散模拟中智能代理的情感建模研究

IF 3.9 3区心理学

Cognitive Systems Research Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101242

Yumeng Zhao , Zhen Liu , Jiangjian Xiao , Tingting Liu , Gen Xu , Yuanyi Wang

{"title":"Research on emotion modeling of intelligent agents in earthquake evacuation simulation","authors":"Yumeng Zhao , Zhen Liu , Jiangjian Xiao , Tingting Liu , Gen Xu , Yuanyi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, virtual reality (VR) has been widely used in emergency drills, skills training and other fields of science education. However, existing VR emergency training platforms lack intelligent agents endowed with emotional and cognitive abilities, making them challenging to evoke user emotions and achieve immersion. Moreover, existing emotion contagion methods of virtual agents lack analysis on whether the emotions of virtual agents can infect users in the real world. Therefore, we proposed an emotional cognitive model (ECM) that simulates the emotional contagion of intelligent agents in a VR earthquake emergency training platform. To evaluate the proposed model, we conducted a user study requiring the user to control an avatar for evacuation training during a simulated earthquake. The user’s brain signals are measured using EEG, fNIRS, and eye-tracking devices to analyze whether the user was affected by the emotions of other intelligent agents. The results show that intelligent agents with emotional cognition can evoke user’s emotions in earthquake emergency training.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55242,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Systems Research","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140785161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Imitation-based Cognitive Learning Optimizer for solving numerical and engineering optimization problems 基于模仿的认知学习优化器，用于解决数值和工程优化问题

IF 3.9 3区心理学

Cognitive Systems Research Pub Date : 2024-04-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101237

Sobia Tariq Javed , Kashif Zafar , Irfan Younas

引用次数: 0

Collective cognition based analysis of community structure discovery algorithms 基于集体认知的群落结构发现算法分析

IF 3.9 3区心理学

Cognitive Systems Research Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101241

Peichen Xiong , Zhen Liu , Ping Wei , Tingting Liu

引用次数: 0

Survival games for humans and machines 人类和机器的生存游戏

IF 3.9 3区心理学

Cognitive Systems Research Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101235

Claes Strannegård , Niklas Engsner , Simon Ulfsbäcker , Sebastian Andreasson , John Endler , Ann Nordgren

{"title":"Survival games for humans and machines","authors":"Claes Strannegård , Niklas Engsner , Simon Ulfsbäcker , Sebastian Andreasson , John Endler , Ann Nordgren","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Survival games can be described as video games where the player searches for energy and treasures, while avoiding obstacles and hostile attacks. Ms.Pac-Man and Minecraft are two well-known examples. Currently there are AI models that outperform human players at Ms.Pac-Man, while AI models playing Minecraft above the human level has been a long-standing challenge. This paper concerns what we call <em>pure</em> survival games, which take place in previously unseen worlds containing only energy, water, and obstacles. The challenge of the player is to navigate and survive in those worlds by continuously finding resources and avoiding obstacles. Arguably, animals need to master physical analogues of pure survival games in order to survive and reproduce. Here we begin to explore human and machine performance on pure survival games. We define two games called the Grid game and the Terrain game and two corresponding AI agents based on deep reinforcement learning: the Grid agent and the Terrain agent. We explore to what extent these agents can match human performance and how their performance is affected by variations in their perception, memory, and reward models. We find that (1) the Terrain agent performs above human level, while the Grid agent performs below human level. (2) the smell, touch, and interoception models contribute significantly to the performance of the Grid agent. (3) the memory model contributes significantly to the performance of the Grid agent; and (4) the performance of the Grid agent is relatively stable under three quite different reward signals, including one that rewards survival and nothing else.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55242,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Systems Research","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101235"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389041724000299/pdfft?md5=79c6c7b26823155231f522fe42b93bdc&pid=1-s2.0-S1389041724000299-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140549861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tight resource-rational analysis 严密的资源合理性分析

IF 3.9 3区心理学

Cognitive Systems Research Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101239

Cvetomir M. Dimov , John R. Anderson , Shawn A. Betts

引用次数: 0

A Network Model for Modulating Sensory Processing Sensitivity in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Epigenetics, Adaptivity, and Other Factors 调节自闭症患者感官敏感性的网络模型：表观遗传和适应性影响

IF 3.9 3区心理学

Cognitive Systems Research Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101240

Florian David , George Kalibala , Blandine Pichon , Jan Treur

{"title":"A Network Model for Modulating Sensory Processing Sensitivity in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Epigenetics, Adaptivity, and Other Factors","authors":"Florian David , George Kalibala , Blandine Pichon , Jan Treur","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that can significantly affect an individual's behaviour and social interactions. Comprehending how various factors may influence these behaviours is vital for devising innovative intervention strategies to assist individuals with ASD. This study presents a computational agent model designed to investigate sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) and behavioural responses to stimuli in individuals with ASD. The model incorporates feedback loops to represent the diverse and adaptive behavioural responses observed in these individuals, illustrating the impact of various factors on these behaviours. We specifically explore how epigenetic mechanisms—modifications in gene expression influenced by environmental factors—affect SPS and responsiveness to subtle sensory stimuli in ASD. To evaluate our model and showcase its effectiveness in replicating and predicting the variability in behavioural responses among individuals with ASD, we conducted simulation experiments to reproduce scenarios depicting different responses to visual stimuli. The results highlight the potential of computational models in understanding the intricate sensory experiences in ASD and offer new perspectives for future research and interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55242,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Systems Research","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389041724000342/pdfft?md5=1304ea991fdc6a75d08d94a125239feb&pid=1-s2.0-S1389041724000342-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140709278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural tracking of natural speech in children in relation to their receptive speech abilities 儿童自然语音的神经跟踪与接受语音能力的关系

IF 3.9 3区心理学

Cognitive Systems Research Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101236

Anton Rogachev , Olga Sysoeva

{"title":"Neural tracking of natural speech in children in relation to their receptive speech abilities","authors":"Anton Rogachev , Olga Sysoeva","doi":"10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2024.101236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Receptive speech is the ability to understand speech addressed to a person. It is a crucial process for a child’s cognitive development. We examine the relationship between receptive speech and neural tracking of natural speech in 52 children aged 3–8 years to infer the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying speech development. We registered a 32-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) while children listened to narrative audio stories. The temporal response function (TRF) approach was used to study neural tracking features at acoustic and semantic levels. We found a strong positive correlation between the TRF prediction accuracy values that demonstrate the magnitude of neural tracking, and receptive speech abilities measured by the Preschool Language Scales (PLS-5). Topographic analysis of these correlations showed significant clusters of EEG channels in the right temporal region for acoustic tracking, and in the left fronto-central and right parieto-occipital regions for semantic tracking. We assume that these results reflect the development of the brain systems necessary for speech comprehension. To sum up, we suggest that the TRF measures are easy-to-assess neurophysiological markers of receptive speech development in children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55242,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Systems Research","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101236"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140546001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0