Comptes Rendus Biologies最新文献_第6页

Stable coding of aversive associations in medial prefrontal populations. 内侧前额叶群体对厌恶联想的稳定编码

IF 2 4区生物学

Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.126

Cyril Herry, Daniel Jercog

{"title":"Stable coding of aversive associations in medial prefrontal populations.","authors":"Cyril Herry, Daniel Jercog","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.126","DOIUrl":"10.5802/crbiol.126","url":null,"abstract":"The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is at the core of numerous psychiatric conditions, including fear and anxiety-related disorders. Whereas an abundance of evidence suggests a crucial role of the mPFC in regulating fear behaviour, the precise role of the mPFC in this process is not yet entirely clear. While studies at the single-cell level have demonstrated the involvement of this area in various aspects of fear processing, such as the encoding of threat-related cues and fear expression, an increasingly prevalent idea in the systems neuroscience field is that populations of neurons are, in fact, the essential unit of computation in many integrative brain regions such as prefrontal areas. What mPFC neuronal populations represent when we face threats? To address this question, we performed electrophysiological single-unit population recordings in the dorsal mPFC while mice faced threat-predicting cues eliciting defensive behaviours, and performed pharmacological and optogenetic inactivations of this area and the amygdala. Our data indicated that the presence of threat-predicting cues induces a stable coding dynamics of internally driven representations in the dorsal mPFC, necessary to drive learned defensive behaviours. Moreover, these neural population representations primary reflect learned associations rather than specific defensive behaviours, and the construct of such representations relies on the functional integrity of the amygdala.","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"346 ","pages":"127-138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138813864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Organizing collective cell migration through guidance by followers. 通过追随者的引导组织细胞集体迁移

IF 0.7 4区生物学

Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.145

Arthur Boutillon

{"title":"Organizing collective cell migration through guidance by followers.","authors":"Arthur Boutillon","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.145","DOIUrl":"10.5802/crbiol.145","url":null,"abstract":"Morphogenesis, wound healing, and some cancer metastases rely on the collective migration of groups of cells. In these processes, guidance and coordination between cells and tissues are critical. While strongly adherent epithelial cells have to move collectively, loosely organized mesenchymal cells can migrate as individual cells. Nevertheless, many of them migrate collectively. This article summarizes how migratory reactions to cell-cell contacts, also called \"contact regulation of locomotion\" behaviors, organize mesenchymal collective cell migration. It focuses on one recently discovered mechanism called \"guidance by followers\", through which a cell is oriented by its immediate followers. In the gastrulating zebrafish embryo, during embryonic axis elongation, this phenomenon is responsible for the collective migration of the leading tissue, the polster, and its guidance by the following posterior axial mesoderm. Such guidance of migrating cells by followers ensures long-range coordination of movements and developmental robustness. Along with other \"contact regulation of locomotion\" behaviors, this mechanism contributes to organizing collective migration of loose populations of cells.","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"346 ","pages":"117-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138813863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Madeleine Gans (1920–2018) : une pionnière en génétique du développement 马德琳·甘斯(1920 - 2018):发育遗传学的先驱

4区生物学

Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.117-fr

引用次数: 0

Research facing the challenge of Homo bureaucraticus 面临官僚人挑战的研究

4区生物学

Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.108-en

引用次数: 0

Impact des R-loops sur le stress réplicatif induit par les oncogènes dans les cellules cancéreuses r -loop对癌细胞中致癌物诱导的复制应激的影响

4区生物学

Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.123-fr

{"title":"Impact des R-loops sur le stress réplicatif induit par les oncogènes dans les cellules cancéreuses","authors":"","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.123-fr","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.123-fr","url":null,"abstract":"Replication stress is an alteration in the progression of replication forks caused by a variety of events of endogenous or exogenous origin. In precancerous lesions, this stress is exacerbated by the deregulation of oncogenic pathways, which notably disrupts the coordination between replication and transcription, and leads to genetic instability and cancer development. It is now well established that transcription can interfere with genome replication in different ways, such as head-on collisions between polymerases, accumulation of positive DNA supercoils or formation of R-loops. These structures form during transcription when nascent RNA reanneals with DNA behind the RNA polymerase, forming a stable DNA:RNA hybrid. In this review, we discuss how these different cotranscriptional processes disrupt the progression of replication forks and how they contribute to genetic instability in cancer cells. Le stress réplicatif correspond à une altération de la progression des fourches de réplication causé par une variété d’événements d’origine endogène ou exogène. Dans les lésions précancéreuses, ce stress est aggravé par la dérégulation de voies oncogéniques, qui perturbe notamment la coordination entre la réplication et la transcription du génome et entraine une instabilité génétique contribuant au développement du cancer. Il est maintenant bien établi que la transcription peut interférer avec la réplication du génome de différentes façons, telles que des collisions frontales entre polymérases, l’accumulation de supertours positifs de l’ADN ou la formation de R-loops. Ces structures se forment au cours de la transcription lorsque l’ARN naissant se réassocie avec l’ADN derrière l’ARN polymérase, formant un hybride ADN :ARN stable. Dans cette revue, nous discutons comment ces différents processus cotranscriptionnels perturbent la progression des fourches de réplication et comment ils contribuent à l’instabilité génétique des cellules cancéreuses.","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"43 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136347166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of R-loops on oncogene-induced replication stress in cancer cells. R环对癌症细胞中致癌物诱导的复制应激的影响。

IF 2 4区生物学

Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.123

Jonathan Heuzé, Yea-Lih Lin, Armelle Lengronne, Jérôme Poli, Philippe Pasero

引用次数: 0

Cell migration in dense microenvironments. 密集微环境中的细胞迁移。

IF 2 4区生物学

Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.124

Guilherme Pedreira de Freitas Nader, Juan Manuel García-Arcos

{"title":"Cell migration in dense microenvironments.","authors":"Guilherme Pedreira de Freitas Nader, Juan Manuel García-Arcos","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.124","DOIUrl":"10.5802/crbiol.124","url":null,"abstract":"The nucleus has been viewed as a passenger during cell migration that functions merely to protect the genome. However, increasing evidence shows that the nucleus is an active organelle, constantly sensing the surrounding environment and translating extracellular mechanical inputs into intracellular signaling. The nuclear envelope has a large membrane reservoir which serves as a buffer for mechanical inputs as it unfolds without increasing its tension. In contrast, when cells cope with mechanical strain, such as migration through solid tumors or dense interstitial spaces, the nuclear envelope folds stretch, increasing nuclear envelope tension and sometimes causing rupture. Different degrees of nuclear envelope tension regulate cellular behaviors and functions, especially in cells that move and grow within dense matrices. The crosstalk between extracellular mechanical inputs and the cell nucleus is a critical component in the modulation of cell function of cells that navigate within packed microenvironments. Moreover, there is a link between regimes of nuclear envelope unfolding and different cellular behaviors, from orchestrated signaling cascades to cellular perturbations and damage.","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"346 ","pages":"89-93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41140299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Henri Décamps, an ecology open to societal concerns]. [Henri d<s:1>坎普斯，一个对社会关注开放的生态]。

IF 2 4区生物学

Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2023-06-22 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.121

Jean-Dominique Lebreton

引用次数: 0

Cauliflowers or how the perseverance of a plant to make flowers produces an amazing fractal structure. 花椰菜或植物如何坚持不懈地制造花朵，产生惊人的分形结构。

IF 2 4区生物学

Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.120

Eugenio Azpeitia, François Parcy, Christophe Godin

引用次数: 0

Functional and developmental convergence in the reproductive "nurse cells" of flowering plants. 开花植物生殖“护理细胞”的功能和发育趋同。