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Epigenetic management of self and non-self: lessons from 40 years of transgenic plants. 自我和非自我的表观遗传管理:来自转基因植物40年的经验教训。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.96
Hervé Vaucheret
{"title":"Epigenetic management of self and non-self: lessons from 40 years of transgenic plants.","authors":"Hervé Vaucheret","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.96","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant varieties exhibiting unstable or variegated phenotypes, or showing virus recovery have long remained a mystery. It is only with the development of transgenic plants 40 years ago that the epigenetic features underlying these phenomena were elucidated. Indeed, the study of transgenic plants that did not express the introduced sequences revealed that transgene loci sometimes undergo transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) or post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) by activating epigenetic defenses that naturally control transposable elements, duplicated genes or viruses. Even when they do not trigger TGS or PTGS spontaneously, stably expressed transgenes driven by viral promoters set apart from endogenous genes in their epigenetic regulation. As a result, transgenes driven by viral promoters are capable of undergoing systemic PTGS throughout the plant, whereas endogenous genes can only undergo local PTGS in cells where RNA quality control is impaired. Together, these results indicate that the host genome distinguishes self from non-self at the epigenetic level, allowing PTGS to eliminate non-self, and preventing PTGS to become systemic and kill the plant when it is locally activated against deregulated self.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10791228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genetic control of tomato fruit quality: from QTL mapping to Genome Wide Association studies and breeding. 番茄果实品质的遗传控制:从QTL定位到全基因组关联研究和育种。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.99
Mathilde Causse, Juliette Bénéjam, Estelle Bineau, Frédérique Bitton, Marie Brault, Yolande Carretero, Henri Desaint, Alexandre Hereil, Karine Pellegrino, Esther Pelpoir, Jiantao Zhao
{"title":"Genetic control of tomato fruit quality: from QTL mapping to Genome Wide Association studies and breeding.","authors":"Mathilde Causse,&nbsp;Juliette Bénéjam,&nbsp;Estelle Bineau,&nbsp;Frédérique Bitton,&nbsp;Marie Brault,&nbsp;Yolande Carretero,&nbsp;Henri Desaint,&nbsp;Alexandre Hereil,&nbsp;Karine Pellegrino,&nbsp;Esther Pelpoir,&nbsp;Jiantao Zhao","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.99","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Consumers began to complain about the taste of tomato varieties in the late 1990's. Although tomato taste is influenced by environmental and post-harvest conditions, varieties show a large diversity for fruit quality traits. We herein review our past and present research work intended to improve tomato fruit quality. First, results from sensory analysis allowed identifying important traits for consumer preferences. Then, we dissected the genetic control of flavor related traits by mapping several QTL in the last 20 years, and identified the genes corresponding to a few major QTL. Since the availability of the tomato genome sequence, genome-wide association studies were performed on several panels of tomato accessions. We discovered a large number of associations for fruit composition and identified relevant allele combinations for breeding. We then performed a meta-analysis combining the results of several studies. We also checked the inheritance of quality traits at the hybrid level and assessed how genomic prediction could help selecting better tomato varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10791233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A dive into the cell wall with Arabidopsis. 拟南芥的细胞壁。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.101
Herman Höfte
{"title":"A dive into the cell wall with Arabidopsis.","authors":"Herman Höfte","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the many legacies of the work of Michel Caboche is our understanding of plant cell wall synthesis and metabolism thanks to the use of Arabidopsis mutants. Here I describe how he was instrumental in initiating the genetic study of plant cell walls. I also show, with a few examples for cellulose and pectins, how this approach has led to important new insights in cell wall synthesis and how the metabolism of pectins contributes to plant growth and morphogenesis. I also illustrate the limitations of the use of mutants to explain processes at the scale of cells, organs or whole plants in terms of the physico-chemical properties of cell wall polymers. Finally, I sketch how new approaches can cope with these limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10783371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent progress in molecular genetics and omics-driven research in seed biology. 种子生物学分子遗传学与组学研究进展。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.104
Sébastien Baud, Massimiliano Corso, Isabelle Debeaujon, Bertrand Dubreucq, Dominique Job, Annie Marion-Poll, Martine Miquel, Helen North, Loïc Rajjou, Loïc Lepiniec
{"title":"Recent progress in molecular genetics and omics-driven research in seed biology.","authors":"Sébastien Baud,&nbsp;Massimiliano Corso,&nbsp;Isabelle Debeaujon,&nbsp;Bertrand Dubreucq,&nbsp;Dominique Job,&nbsp;Annie Marion-Poll,&nbsp;Martine Miquel,&nbsp;Helen North,&nbsp;Loïc Rajjou,&nbsp;Loïc Lepiniec","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elucidating the mechanisms that control seed development, metabolism, and physiology is a fundamental issue in biology. Michel Caboche had long been a catalyst for seed biology research in France up until his untimely passing away last year. To honour his memory, we have updated a review written under his coordination in 2010 entitled \"Arabidopsis seed secrets unravelled after a decade of genetic and omics-driven research\". This review encompassed different molecular aspects of seed development, reserve accumulation, dormancy and germination, that are studied in the lab created by M. Caboche. We have extended the scope of this review to highlight original experimental approaches implemented in the field over the past decade such as omics approaches aimed at investigating the control of gene expression, protein modifications, primary and specialized metabolites at the tissue or even cellular level, as well as seed biodiversity and the impact of the environment on seed quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10791230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial. 社论。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.100
Michel Delseny, Georges Pelletier
{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Michel Delseny,&nbsp;Georges Pelletier","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10791231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Morphogenesis at the shoot meristem. 茎分生组织的形态发生。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.98
Jan Traas
{"title":"Morphogenesis at the shoot meristem.","authors":"Jan Traas","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.98","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shoot apical meristems are populations of stem cells which initiate the aerial parts of higher plants. Work during the last decades has revealed a complex network of molecular regulators, which control both meristem maintenance and the production of different types of organs. The behavior of this network in time and space is defined by the local interactions between regulators and also involves hormonal regulation. In particular, auxin and cytokinin are intimately implicated in the coordination of gene expression patterns. To control growth patterns at the shoot meristem the individual components of the network influence directions and rates of cell growth. This requires interference with the mechanical properties of the cells. How this complex multiscale process, characterized by multiple feedbacks, is controlled remains largely an open question. Fortunately, genetics, live imaging, computational modelling and a number of other recently developed tools offer interesting albeit challenging perspectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10791229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Translational research from models to crops: comparative genomics for plant breeding. 从模型到作物的转化研究:植物育种的比较基因组学。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.103
Jérôme Salse
{"title":"Translational research from models to crops: comparative genomics for plant breeding.","authors":"Jérôme Salse","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of translational research, which originated in the medical field in the 1980s, consists in improving the efficient transfer of research results obtained in a species (which can be considered as a model or pivot) to all the species for which these results are of interest for its improvement in Agriculture. In this context, comparative genomics is an important tool for translational research, effectively identifying genes controlling common functions between species. Editing and phenotyping tools must thus allow the functional validation of the gene conserved within the species for which the knowledge has been extrapolated, that is to say transferred, and the identification of the best alleles and associated genotypes for exploitation in current breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10791232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phylogenomics reveal that plants colonized land together with their fungal symbiotic partners. 系统发育基因组学揭示了植物与其真菌共生伙伴一起在陆地上定居。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2023-02-02 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.105
Mélanie Rich
{"title":"Phylogenomics reveal that plants colonized land together with their fungal symbiotic partners.","authors":"Mélanie Rich","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.105","DOIUrl":"10.5802/crbiol.105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most extant land plants establish a mutually beneficial relationship with soil fungi called mycorrhizal symbiosis. From their partners, plants get access to mineral nutrient and water resources transported via a fungal network that acts like an extension of their root systems. Using genetic and molecular tools, we showed that distant plant species use similar molecular mechanisms during the symbiosis. This similarity suggests that those mechanisms were inherited from their last common ancestor, a lineage that emerged from an aquatic environment 450 million years ago. Thus, this plant fungal interaction could have helped the first land plants without structures adapted to soil exploration to survive and colonize this new environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9544708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Plankton biogeography in the 21st century and impacts of climate change: advances through genomics. 21世纪浮游生物生物地理学与气候变化的影响：基因组学进展。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2023-02-02 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.107
Paul Frémont, Marion Gehlen, Olivier Jaillon
{"title":"Plankton biogeography in the 21st century and impacts of climate change: advances through genomics.","authors":"Paul Frémont,&nbsp;Marion Gehlen,&nbsp;Olivier Jaillon","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.107","DOIUrl":"10.5802/crbiol.107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article summarizes recent advances in our knowledge of plankton biogeography obtained by genomic approaches and the impacts of global warming on it. Large-scale comparison of the genomic content of samples of different plankton size fractions revealed a partitioning of the oceans into genomic provinces and the impact of major oceanic currents on them. By defining ecological niches, these provinces are extrapolated to all oceans, with the exception of the Arctic Ocean. By the end of the 21st century, a major restructuring of these provinces is projected in response to a high emission greenhouse gas scenario over 50% of the surface of the studied oceans. Such a restructuring could lead to a decrease in export production by 4%. Finally, obtaining assembled sequences of a large number of plankton genomes defining this biogeography has allowed to better characterize the genomic content of the provinces and to identify the species structuring them. These genomes similarly enabled a better description of potential future changes of plankton communities under climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9923775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A new giant bacterium reminiscent of eukaryotes. 一种新的巨型细菌，使人联想到真核生物。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.87
Patrick Berche
{"title":"A new giant bacterium reminiscent of eukaryotes.","authors":"Patrick Berche","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.87","DOIUrl":"10.5802/crbiol.87","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10783385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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