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Comptes Rendus Biologies最新文献

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Editorial. 社论。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.97
Pascale Cossart, Maxime Schwartz
{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Pascale Cossart, Maxime Schwartz","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.97","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"345 3","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9367886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How has microbiology changed 200 years after Pasteur's birth? 巴斯德诞生200年后，微生物学发生了怎样的变化?
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.85
David Bikard
{"title":"How has microbiology changed 200 years after Pasteur's birth?","authors":"David Bikard","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.85","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The last two centuries have seen major scientific and technological advances that have turned the field of microbiology upside down. If Louis Pasteur came out of his vault to celebrate his two hundredth birthday with us, would he recognize the field of study of which he was one of the founders? Are the objectives of the discipline still the same? What is the influence of new technologies on our scientific approach? What are the new horizons and future challenges?</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"345 3","pages":"21-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10862520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pasteur the Arboisien. 阿博伊人的牧师。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.84
Philippe Bruniaux
{"title":"Pasteur the Arboisien.","authors":"Philippe Bruniaux","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.84","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Louis Pasteur was born in Dole on December 27, 1822. The Pasteur family left the town of Dole in August 1825. After five years in Marnoz, Jean-Joseph Pasteur rented a tannery in Arbois in 1830.In the 1831 register of house visits, he is mentioned at 83 rue de Courcelles: \"Pasteur Jean-Joseph, tanner, age 39, from Besançon. Jeanne Etiennette Roqui his wife, 37 years old, from Marnoz 4 children: Jeanne-Antoine 11 years old. Louis 9 years old. Joséphine 5 years old. Emilie 3 years old. A worker, Eloy Dole, 25 years old, from Poligny\". At that time, Arbois and its suburbs had nearly 7000 inhabitants. The young Pasteur first attended the mutual education school and then the municipal college. After failing in Paris in 1838 to prepare for the baccalaureate, Pasteur studied rhetoric in Arbois and then, in 1839, at the royal college in Besançon. In 1842, Pasteur entered the École normale supérieure. In 1849 he became a professor at the faculty of Strasbourg, 1854 professor and dean of the new faculty of sciences of Lille, 1857 Pasteur was at the Ecole normale supérieure as administrator and director of scientific studies.In spite of his high functions, Pasteur and his family always came back to Arbois, it was a return to their roots.\"If there is no Arbois, there is no Pasteur,\" said the writer and academician Erik Orsenna.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"345 3","pages":"121-141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10862524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Pasteurian contribution to the history of vaccines. 巴斯德氏对疫苗史的贡献。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-09-13 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.83
Maxime Schwartz
{"title":"The Pasteurian contribution to the history of vaccines.","authors":"Maxime Schwartz","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.83","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccination, the transmission of \"vaccine\", a benign disease of cows, to immunize human beings against smallpox, was invented by Jenner at the end of the eighteenth century. Pasteur, convinced that the vaccine microbe was an attenuated form of the smallpox microbe, showed that, similarly, attenuated forms of other microbes immunized against animal diseases. When applying this principle to rabies, he realized that, in this case, the vaccine was in fact composed of dead microbes. One of his students immediately exploited this result to devise a vaccine against typhoid. The vaccines against diphtheria and tetanus, in 1921, opened a new route, that of immunization with molecules from the pathogenic microbes. Molecular biology then allowed the production of the immunogenic molecules by microorganisms such as yeast, or immunization by genetically modified viruses or messenger RNA inducing our own cells to produce these molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"345 3","pages":"93-107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10806485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Chapeau UK Biobank! A revolution for integrated research on humans and large-scale data sharing. Chapeau UK Biobank!人类综合研究和大规模数据共享的革命。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.76
Thomas Bourgeron
{"title":"Chapeau UK Biobank! A revolution for integrated research on humans and large-scale data sharing.","authors":"Thomas Bourgeron","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.76","url":null,"abstract":"HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"345 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10858253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Proton minibeam radiation therapy: a promising therapeutic approach for radioresistant tumors. 质子微束放射治疗:一种有前途的治疗放射耐药肿瘤的方法。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.71
Yolanda Prezado
{"title":"Proton minibeam radiation therapy: a promising therapeutic approach for radioresistant tumors.","authors":"Yolanda Prezado","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.71","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) is a novel cancer therapy approach based on a high spatial dose modulation. pMBRT activates distinct radiobiological mechanisms and it has been shown to lead in small animal experiments to a significant increase in normal tissue dose tolerances while maintaining or enhancing tumor control effectiveness as compared with conventional radiotherapy. Although recently proposed, the biological observations collected thus far challenge the classical paradigm in RT and encourage the preparation of phase I clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"344 4","pages":"409-420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40560580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The plasma membrane as a mechanotransducer in plants. 质膜作为植物的机械传感器。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.66
Leia Colin, Olivier Hamant
{"title":"The plasma membrane as a mechanotransducer in plants.","authors":"Leia Colin,&nbsp;Olivier Hamant","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.66","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The plasma membrane is a physical boundary made of amphiphilic lipid molecules, proteins and carbohydrates extensions. Its role in mechanotransduction generates increasing attention in animal systems, where membrane tension is mainly induced by cortical actomyosin. In plant cells, cortical tension is of osmotic origin. Yet, because the plasma membrane in plant cells has comparable physical properties, findings from animal systems likely apply to plant cells too. Recent results suggest that this is indeed the case, with a role of membrane tension in vesicle trafficking, mechanosensitive channel opening or cytoskeleton organization in plant cells. Prospects for the plant science community are at least three fold: (i) to develop and use probes to monitor membrane tension in tissues, in parallel with other biochemical probes, with implications for protein activity and nanodomain clustering, (ii) to develop single cell approaches to decipher the mechanisms operating at the plant cell cortex at high spatio-temporal resolution, and (iii) to revisit the role of membrane composition at cell and tissue scale, by considering the physical implications of phospholipid properties and interactions in mechanotransduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"344 4","pages":"389-407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40560579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Roles of the macrophages in colon homeostasis. 巨噬细胞在结肠内稳态中的作用。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.67
Aleksandra S Chikina, Danijela Matic Vignjevic, Ana-Maria Lennon-Dumenil
{"title":"Roles of the macrophages in colon homeostasis.","authors":"Aleksandra S Chikina,&nbsp;Danijela Matic Vignjevic,&nbsp;Ana-Maria Lennon-Dumenil","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.67","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The colon is primarily responsible for absorbing fluids. It contains a large number of microorganisms including fungi, which are enriched in its distal segment. The colonic mucosa must therefore tightly regulate fluid influx to control absorption of fungal metabolites, which can be toxic to epithelial cells and lead to barrier dysfunction. How this is achieved remains unknown. Here, we describe a mechanism by which the innate immune system allows rapid quality-check of absorbed fluids to avoid intoxication of colonocytes. This mechanism relies on a population of distal colon macrophages that are equipped with \"balloon-like\" protrusions (BLPs) inserted in the epithelium, which sample absorbed fluids. In the absence of macrophages or BLPs, epithelial cells keep absorbing fluids containing fungal products, leading to their death and subsequent loss of epithelial barrier integrity. These results reveal an unexpected and essential role of macrophages in the maintenance of colon-microbiota interactions in homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"344 4","pages":"337-356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40571675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers (1821-1901), the father of experimental zoology and founder of the marine stations of Roscoff and Banyuls. Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers(1821-1901)，实验动物学之父，罗斯科夫和巴纽尔斯海洋站的创始人。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.68
Catherine Jessus, Yves Desdevises, Bernard Kloareg, André Toulmond
{"title":"Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers (1821-1901), the father of experimental zoology and founder of the marine stations of Roscoff and Banyuls.","authors":"Catherine Jessus,&nbsp;Yves Desdevises,&nbsp;Bernard Kloareg,&nbsp;André Toulmond","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.68","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers, one of the most curious and active scientific minds among 19th century naturalists, this article retraces his scientific career and recalls the long-term changes he made in the practice of science: promotion of experimental zoology, foundation of a modern scientific journal and establishment of the marine stations of Roscoff and Banyuls.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"344 4","pages":"311-324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40571673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Relevance and mechanisms of transvection. 横切的相关性和机制。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.69
Charalampos Chrysovalantis Galouzis, Benjamin Prud'homme
{"title":"Relevance and mechanisms of transvection.","authors":"Charalampos Chrysovalantis Galouzis,&nbsp;Benjamin Prud'homme","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.69","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transvection, the functional interaction between homologous alleles, was first described in Drosophila in the 1950's. While transvection has been documented in a growing list of genes, using mutant alleles or synthetic constructs, in Drosophila and other organisms, the extent of its relevance to gene expression in physiological conditions has remained questionable. The molecular mechanisms underlying transvection are still largely unexplored, although hints suggest a link with the general machinery that controls the genome organization in the nucleus. In this review, we discuss recent results establishing the relevance of transvection for proper gene regulation, and in particular for the sexually dimorphic regulation of the Drosophila X-linked gene yellow. We also discuss the role that DNA insulator sequences and chromatin architectural proteins play in bringing in proximity homologous alleles, and how they may contribute to interallelic gene regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":"344 4","pages":"373-387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40560578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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