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Contribution of microbial genomics to cholera epidemiology. 微生物基因组学对霍乱流行病学的贡献。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.77
Caroline Rouard, Elisabeth Njamkepo, Marie-Laure Quilici, François-Xavier Weill
{"title":"Contribution of microbial genomics to cholera epidemiology.","authors":"Caroline Rouard,&nbsp;Elisabeth Njamkepo,&nbsp;Marie-Laure Quilici,&nbsp;François-Xavier Weill","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.77","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2022, the burden of cholera-an acute watery diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 (or more rarely O139) bacteria, which produce cholera toxin-remains high in many African and Asian countries. In the last few years, microbial genomics has made it possible to define the bacterial populations responsible for cholera more precisely. It has been shown that the current, seventh pandemic is due to a single lineage with a reservoir in the countries of the Bay of Bengal (India and Bangladesh). There have been several transmissions of the causal agent of cholera from this region to Africa, Asia and Latin America, suggesting a human-to-human transmission of the disease. Microbial genetics can help to fight this scourge by providing insight into cholera epidemiology and through its use in disease monitoring, thereby contributing to the achievement of the World Health Organization's goal of reducing cholera deaths by 90% by 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40563035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a growing threat to Europe. 克里米亚-刚果出血热:对欧洲日益严重的威胁。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.78
Natalia Freitas, Vincent Legros, François-Loïc Cosset
{"title":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a growing threat to Europe.","authors":"Natalia Freitas,&nbsp;Vincent Legros,&nbsp;François-Loïc Cosset","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.78","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tick-borne infectious diseases are increasing, driven by geographic expansion of ticks. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne virus of the family Nairoviridae that poses serious threat to public health. CCHFV can cause severe forms of hemorrhagic fever with high case fatality rates (CFR) (10-40%) and can be transmitted from human to human. Until a few years ago, no cases of CCHF had been reported in western Europe. However, high seropositivity rates in wildlife and detection of multiple strains of CCHFV in ticks in Spain suggest that CCHFV enzootic cycle has been established in some areas of southwestern Europe. As far as CCHFV-associated morbidity and mortality are concerned, there are no approved therapeutic options or US/EU licensed vaccines for treatment. Here we discuss some eco-epidemiological aspects as well as public health and socio-economic impacts associated with CCHFV circulation and outbreaks. We also emphasize that it has become essential to identify key inter-species transmission processes of this group of pathogens, to understand basic molecular mechanisms of their replication, and to define their pathogenic potentials.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40563034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Differential roles of auditory and visual cortex for sensory detection in mice. 听觉和视觉皮层在小鼠感觉检测中的不同作用。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.72
Sebastian Ceballo, Thomas Deneux, Mariana Siliceo, Brice Bathellier
{"title":"Differential roles of auditory and visual cortex for sensory detection in mice.","authors":"Sebastian Ceballo,&nbsp;Thomas Deneux,&nbsp;Mariana Siliceo,&nbsp;Brice Bathellier","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.72","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sensory cortex encompasses the regions of the cerebral cortex that receive primary sensory inputs and is crucial for conscious sensory perception in humans. Yet, some forms of perception are possible without sensory cortex. For example in animal models, the association of a sound detection to a simple behavior resists to the inactivation of auditory cortex. In contrast, post-training inactivation experiments conducted in visual or somatosensory cortex led to much stronger effects. Here we show that muscimol inactivation of visual or auditory cortex in the same detection protocol transiently abolishes visual but not auditory detection. We also observe that cortex-dependency correlates with longer reaction times. This suggests that auditory cortex is more easily bypassed by other circuits for stimulus detection than other primary sensory areas, which may be due to timing differences between auditory and visual associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40563037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epigenomic tumor evolution under the spotlight: the promises of single-cell approaches. 聚光灯下的表观基因组肿瘤进化:单细胞方法的前景。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.75
Céline Vallot
{"title":"Epigenomic tumor evolution under the spotlight: the promises of single-cell approaches.","authors":"Céline Vallot","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.75","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer evolution was long-reduced to a genetic equation. The latest technological and subsequent conceptual advances, catalyzed by single-cell approaches, now begin to reveal the long-suspected part played by epigenomic and transcriptomic mechanisms in cancer evolution. Lie ahead numerous challenges to integrate multi-modal measurements of individual cancer cells over time and space, while aiming for better disease management and the discovery of therapeutic targets and biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40562583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chapeau UK Biobank! A revolution for integrated research on humans and large-scale data sharing. Chapeau UK Biobank!人类综合研究和大规模数据共享的革命。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.76
Thomas Bourgeron
{"title":"Chapeau UK Biobank! A revolution for integrated research on humans and large-scale data sharing.","authors":"Thomas Bourgeron","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.76","url":null,"abstract":"HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10858253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Proton minibeam radiation therapy: a promising therapeutic approach for radioresistant tumors. 质子微束放射治疗:一种有前途的治疗放射耐药肿瘤的方法。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.71
Yolanda Prezado
{"title":"Proton minibeam radiation therapy: a promising therapeutic approach for radioresistant tumors.","authors":"Yolanda Prezado","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.71","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) is a novel cancer therapy approach based on a high spatial dose modulation. pMBRT activates distinct radiobiological mechanisms and it has been shown to lead in small animal experiments to a significant increase in normal tissue dose tolerances while maintaining or enhancing tumor control effectiveness as compared with conventional radiotherapy. Although recently proposed, the biological observations collected thus far challenge the classical paradigm in RT and encourage the preparation of phase I clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40560580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The plasma membrane as a mechanotransducer in plants. 质膜作为植物的机械传感器。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.66
Leia Colin, Olivier Hamant
{"title":"The plasma membrane as a mechanotransducer in plants.","authors":"Leia Colin,&nbsp;Olivier Hamant","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.66","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The plasma membrane is a physical boundary made of amphiphilic lipid molecules, proteins and carbohydrates extensions. Its role in mechanotransduction generates increasing attention in animal systems, where membrane tension is mainly induced by cortical actomyosin. In plant cells, cortical tension is of osmotic origin. Yet, because the plasma membrane in plant cells has comparable physical properties, findings from animal systems likely apply to plant cells too. Recent results suggest that this is indeed the case, with a role of membrane tension in vesicle trafficking, mechanosensitive channel opening or cytoskeleton organization in plant cells. Prospects for the plant science community are at least three fold: (i) to develop and use probes to monitor membrane tension in tissues, in parallel with other biochemical probes, with implications for protein activity and nanodomain clustering, (ii) to develop single cell approaches to decipher the mechanisms operating at the plant cell cortex at high spatio-temporal resolution, and (iii) to revisit the role of membrane composition at cell and tissue scale, by considering the physical implications of phospholipid properties and interactions in mechanotransduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40560579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Roles of the macrophages in colon homeostasis. 巨噬细胞在结肠内稳态中的作用。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.67
Aleksandra S Chikina, Danijela Matic Vignjevic, Ana-Maria Lennon-Dumenil
{"title":"Roles of the macrophages in colon homeostasis.","authors":"Aleksandra S Chikina,&nbsp;Danijela Matic Vignjevic,&nbsp;Ana-Maria Lennon-Dumenil","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.67","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The colon is primarily responsible for absorbing fluids. It contains a large number of microorganisms including fungi, which are enriched in its distal segment. The colonic mucosa must therefore tightly regulate fluid influx to control absorption of fungal metabolites, which can be toxic to epithelial cells and lead to barrier dysfunction. How this is achieved remains unknown. Here, we describe a mechanism by which the innate immune system allows rapid quality-check of absorbed fluids to avoid intoxication of colonocytes. This mechanism relies on a population of distal colon macrophages that are equipped with \"balloon-like\" protrusions (BLPs) inserted in the epithelium, which sample absorbed fluids. In the absence of macrophages or BLPs, epithelial cells keep absorbing fluids containing fungal products, leading to their death and subsequent loss of epithelial barrier integrity. These results reveal an unexpected and essential role of macrophages in the maintenance of colon-microbiota interactions in homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40571675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers (1821-1901), the father of experimental zoology and founder of the marine stations of Roscoff and Banyuls. Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers(1821-1901)，实验动物学之父，罗斯科夫和巴纽尔斯海洋站的创始人。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.68
Catherine Jessus, Yves Desdevises, Bernard Kloareg, André Toulmond
{"title":"Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers (1821-1901), the father of experimental zoology and founder of the marine stations of Roscoff and Banyuls.","authors":"Catherine Jessus,&nbsp;Yves Desdevises,&nbsp;Bernard Kloareg,&nbsp;André Toulmond","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.68","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Henri de Lacaze-Duthiers, one of the most curious and active scientific minds among 19th century naturalists, this article retraces his scientific career and recalls the long-term changes he made in the practice of science: promotion of experimental zoology, foundation of a modern scientific journal and establishment of the marine stations of Roscoff and Banyuls.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40571673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Relevance and mechanisms of transvection. 横切的相关性和机制。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2021-12-20 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.69
Charalampos Chrysovalantis Galouzis, Benjamin Prud'homme
{"title":"Relevance and mechanisms of transvection.","authors":"Charalampos Chrysovalantis Galouzis,&nbsp;Benjamin Prud'homme","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.69","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transvection, the functional interaction between homologous alleles, was first described in Drosophila in the 1950's. While transvection has been documented in a growing list of genes, using mutant alleles or synthetic constructs, in Drosophila and other organisms, the extent of its relevance to gene expression in physiological conditions has remained questionable. The molecular mechanisms underlying transvection are still largely unexplored, although hints suggest a link with the general machinery that controls the genome organization in the nucleus. In this review, we discuss recent results establishing the relevance of transvection for proper gene regulation, and in particular for the sexually dimorphic regulation of the Drosophila X-linked gene yellow. We also discuss the role that DNA insulator sequences and chromatin architectural proteins play in bringing in proximity homologous alleles, and how they may contribute to interallelic gene regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40560578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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