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Pasteur the Arboisien. 阿博伊人的牧师。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.84
Philippe Bruniaux
{"title":"Pasteur the Arboisien.","authors":"Philippe Bruniaux","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.84","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Louis Pasteur was born in Dole on December 27, 1822. The Pasteur family left the town of Dole in August 1825. After five years in Marnoz, Jean-Joseph Pasteur rented a tannery in Arbois in 1830.In the 1831 register of house visits, he is mentioned at 83 rue de Courcelles: \"Pasteur Jean-Joseph, tanner, age 39, from Besançon. Jeanne Etiennette Roqui his wife, 37 years old, from Marnoz 4 children: Jeanne-Antoine 11 years old. Louis 9 years old. Joséphine 5 years old. Emilie 3 years old. A worker, Eloy Dole, 25 years old, from Poligny\". At that time, Arbois and its suburbs had nearly 7000 inhabitants. The young Pasteur first attended the mutual education school and then the municipal college. After failing in Paris in 1838 to prepare for the baccalaureate, Pasteur studied rhetoric in Arbois and then, in 1839, at the royal college in Besançon. In 1842, Pasteur entered the École normale supérieure. In 1849 he became a professor at the faculty of Strasbourg, 1854 professor and dean of the new faculty of sciences of Lille, 1857 Pasteur was at the Ecole normale supérieure as administrator and director of scientific studies.In spite of his high functions, Pasteur and his family always came back to Arbois, it was a return to their roots.\"If there is no Arbois, there is no Pasteur,\" said the writer and academician Erik Orsenna.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10862524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How has microbiology changed 200 years after Pasteur's birth? 巴斯德诞生200年后，微生物学发生了怎样的变化?
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.85
David Bikard
{"title":"How has microbiology changed 200 years after Pasteur's birth?","authors":"David Bikard","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.85","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The last two centuries have seen major scientific and technological advances that have turned the field of microbiology upside down. If Louis Pasteur came out of his vault to celebrate his two hundredth birthday with us, would he recognize the field of study of which he was one of the founders? Are the objectives of the discipline still the same? What is the influence of new technologies on our scientific approach? What are the new horizons and future challenges?</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10862520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Pasteurian contribution to the history of vaccines. 巴斯德氏对疫苗史的贡献。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-09-13 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.83
Maxime Schwartz
{"title":"The Pasteurian contribution to the history of vaccines.","authors":"Maxime Schwartz","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.83","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccination, the transmission of \"vaccine\", a benign disease of cows, to immunize human beings against smallpox, was invented by Jenner at the end of the eighteenth century. Pasteur, convinced that the vaccine microbe was an attenuated form of the smallpox microbe, showed that, similarly, attenuated forms of other microbes immunized against animal diseases. When applying this principle to rabies, he realized that, in this case, the vaccine was in fact composed of dead microbes. One of his students immediately exploited this result to devise a vaccine against typhoid. The vaccines against diphtheria and tetanus, in 1921, opened a new route, that of immunization with molecules from the pathogenic microbes. Molecular biology then allowed the production of the immunogenic molecules by microorganisms such as yeast, or immunization by genetically modified viruses or messenger RNA inducing our own cells to produce these molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10806485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Claude Combes, pioneer of an eco-evolutionary approach to parasitism. 克劳德·库姆斯，用生态进化方法研究寄生的先驱。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.74
Joseph Jourdane, Michel Delseny, Henri Décamps
{"title":"Claude Combes, pioneer of an eco-evolutionary approach to parasitism.","authors":"Joseph Jourdane,&nbsp;Michel Delseny,&nbsp;Henri Décamps","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.74","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40560584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The double game of chromosomal inversions in a neotropical butterfly. 新热带蝴蝶染色体倒位的双重博弈。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.73
Paul Jay, Mathieu Joron
{"title":"The double game of chromosomal inversions in a neotropical butterfly.","authors":"Paul Jay,&nbsp;Mathieu Joron","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.73","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over a century after the first description of a polymorphism controlled by a supergene, these genetic architectures still puzzle biologists. Supergenes are groups of tightly linked loci facilitating the co-segregation of combinations of alleles underlying alternative, complex adaptive strategies. The suppression of recombination at supergenes is generally caused by polymorphic chromosomal rearrangements, such as inversions. The existence of inversion polymorphisms and supergene raises theoretical and empirical questions. Why do these architectures evolve? How can alternative combinations of alleles be formed? How and why is polymorphism maintained? The purpose of this paper is to provide answers to these questions by reviewing recent advances in the study of Heliconius numata, an Amazonian butterfly displaying a striking diversity of wing color patterns. In a broad context, this review highlights mechanisms that play an important role in the evolution of new genomic architecture and in the adaptation of species.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40563036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contribution of microbial genomics to cholera epidemiology. 微生物基因组学对霍乱流行病学的贡献。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.77
Caroline Rouard, Elisabeth Njamkepo, Marie-Laure Quilici, François-Xavier Weill
{"title":"Contribution of microbial genomics to cholera epidemiology.","authors":"Caroline Rouard,&nbsp;Elisabeth Njamkepo,&nbsp;Marie-Laure Quilici,&nbsp;François-Xavier Weill","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.77","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2022, the burden of cholera-an acute watery diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 (or more rarely O139) bacteria, which produce cholera toxin-remains high in many African and Asian countries. In the last few years, microbial genomics has made it possible to define the bacterial populations responsible for cholera more precisely. It has been shown that the current, seventh pandemic is due to a single lineage with a reservoir in the countries of the Bay of Bengal (India and Bangladesh). There have been several transmissions of the causal agent of cholera from this region to Africa, Asia and Latin America, suggesting a human-to-human transmission of the disease. Microbial genetics can help to fight this scourge by providing insight into cholera epidemiology and through its use in disease monitoring, thereby contributing to the achievement of the World Health Organization's goal of reducing cholera deaths by 90% by 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40563035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a growing threat to Europe. 克里米亚-刚果出血热:对欧洲日益严重的威胁。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.78
Natalia Freitas, Vincent Legros, François-Loïc Cosset
{"title":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a growing threat to Europe.","authors":"Natalia Freitas,&nbsp;Vincent Legros,&nbsp;François-Loïc Cosset","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.78","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tick-borne infectious diseases are increasing, driven by geographic expansion of ticks. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne virus of the family Nairoviridae that poses serious threat to public health. CCHFV can cause severe forms of hemorrhagic fever with high case fatality rates (CFR) (10-40%) and can be transmitted from human to human. Until a few years ago, no cases of CCHF had been reported in western Europe. However, high seropositivity rates in wildlife and detection of multiple strains of CCHFV in ticks in Spain suggest that CCHFV enzootic cycle has been established in some areas of southwestern Europe. As far as CCHFV-associated morbidity and mortality are concerned, there are no approved therapeutic options or US/EU licensed vaccines for treatment. Here we discuss some eco-epidemiological aspects as well as public health and socio-economic impacts associated with CCHFV circulation and outbreaks. We also emphasize that it has become essential to identify key inter-species transmission processes of this group of pathogens, to understand basic molecular mechanisms of their replication, and to define their pathogenic potentials.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40563034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Differential roles of auditory and visual cortex for sensory detection in mice. 听觉和视觉皮层在小鼠感觉检测中的不同作用。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.72
Sebastian Ceballo, Thomas Deneux, Mariana Siliceo, Brice Bathellier
{"title":"Differential roles of auditory and visual cortex for sensory detection in mice.","authors":"Sebastian Ceballo,&nbsp;Thomas Deneux,&nbsp;Mariana Siliceo,&nbsp;Brice Bathellier","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.72","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sensory cortex encompasses the regions of the cerebral cortex that receive primary sensory inputs and is crucial for conscious sensory perception in humans. Yet, some forms of perception are possible without sensory cortex. For example in animal models, the association of a sound detection to a simple behavior resists to the inactivation of auditory cortex. In contrast, post-training inactivation experiments conducted in visual or somatosensory cortex led to much stronger effects. Here we show that muscimol inactivation of visual or auditory cortex in the same detection protocol transiently abolishes visual but not auditory detection. We also observe that cortex-dependency correlates with longer reaction times. This suggests that auditory cortex is more easily bypassed by other circuits for stimulus detection than other primary sensory areas, which may be due to timing differences between auditory and visual associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40563037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epigenomic tumor evolution under the spotlight: the promises of single-cell approaches. 聚光灯下的表观基因组肿瘤进化:单细胞方法的前景。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.75
Céline Vallot
{"title":"Epigenomic tumor evolution under the spotlight: the promises of single-cell approaches.","authors":"Céline Vallot","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.75","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer evolution was long-reduced to a genetic equation. The latest technological and subsequent conceptual advances, catalyzed by single-cell approaches, now begin to reveal the long-suspected part played by epigenomic and transcriptomic mechanisms in cancer evolution. Lie ahead numerous challenges to integrate multi-modal measurements of individual cancer cells over time and space, while aiming for better disease management and the discovery of therapeutic targets and biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40562583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chapeau UK Biobank! A revolution for integrated research on humans and large-scale data sharing. Chapeau UK Biobank!人类综合研究和大规模数据共享的革命。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.76
Thomas Bourgeron
{"title":"Chapeau UK Biobank! A revolution for integrated research on humans and large-scale data sharing.","authors":"Thomas Bourgeron","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.76","url":null,"abstract":"HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10858253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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