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Pasteur and "motivated" research. 巴斯德和“动机”研究。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.89
Antoine Danchin
{"title":"Pasteur and \"motivated\" research.","authors":"Antoine Danchin","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.89","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pasteur's originality in the way he developed pure research is to have understood the importance, for society, of the underlying motivation. Curiosity, of course, is a strong motivation, which explains why we seek to understand the origin of life. But, in front of the immensity of the possible choices, why not, also, choose to start from questions of economic interest (diseases of beer and wine, diseases affecting the silk industry ...) Finally, of course, health is a constant preoccupation, but the diseases, which have no borders, often come from tropical countries and Asia especially. It is therefore necessary to settle there, but not to come and impose one's point of view, but on the contrary to use the knowledge coming from the local culture in order to open new ways of understanding the reality of the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10806483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Louis Pasteur, molecular dissymmetry, therapeutic chemistry and neuropharmacology. 路易斯·巴斯德，分子不对称，治疗化学和神经药理学。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.81
Jean-Pierre Changeux
{"title":"Louis Pasteur, molecular dissymmetry, therapeutic chemistry and neuropharmacology.","authors":"Jean-Pierre Changeux","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.81","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Louis Pasteur is celebrated as the founding father of microbiology. But he was a chemist by training and discovered molecular dissymmetry experimentally. All his life, his constant preoccupation will be to apply the method and strategies of the fundamental sciences to living processes, \"from the molecule to the brain\". His fundamental aim will be, beyond the biology of microbes, the chemistry of life, a disposition which signs the originality of his work. More unexpectedly, Pasteur was at the origin of therapeutic chemistry-which his successors, and especially Daniel Bovet, brilliantly illustrated at the Pasteur Institute and which they would pursue with the pharmacology of the nervous system or \"neuropharmacology\".</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10862518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pasteur and the veterinarians. 巴斯德和兽医。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.90
Gérard Orth
{"title":"Pasteur and the veterinarians.","authors":"Gérard Orth","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.90","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pasteur's work on fermentations has variously influenced the conception that veterinarians had of the origin of virulent diseases. Jean-Baptiste Chauveau asserted as early as 1866 the specificity of contagious diseases and their exogenous origin. Henri Bouley was initially a supporter of the spontaneity of these diseases. He became an advocate of the germ theory when Pasteur unambiguously demonstrated the causal role of anthrax bacteridia in 1877. Pasteur then had a fruitful collaboration with veterinarians during his work on chicken cholera, swine erysipelas, contagious pleuropneumonia and rabies. After Pasteur's experience at Pouilly-le-Fort, Henri Bouley and Edmond Nocard, a disciple of Pasteur, were strong advocates for the adoption of vaccinations by veterinarians and farmers. Nocard's work on various contagious animal diseases greatly contributed to the foundation of veterinary microbiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10862523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial. 社论。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.97
Pascale Cossart, Maxime Schwartz
{"title":"Editorial.","authors":"Pascale Cossart,&nbsp;Maxime Schwartz","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.97","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9367886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Silkworm, science worm. 蚕，科学虫。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.94
Daniel Raichvarg
{"title":"Silkworm, science worm.","authors":"Daniel Raichvarg","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.94","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From 1865 to 1869, on a \"government order\", Louis Pasteur tackled a silkworm disease, the pebrine, which was ruining the economy of southern France. Well beyond the scientific results-he was going to highlight a second disease, the flacherie-and the operational results-he installed techniques to limit the progression of one disease and protected the farms from the other-, this sequence opened the door to what would become Pasteur's working method: a science involved in practice, a great importance given to the team of collaborators and to innovations of all kinds, in this case, microphotography. It also establishes the characteristics of the socialization of the Pasteurian approach: diffusion of methods among all the social actors concerned, networking of scientists and internationalization of research.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10869504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pasteur the Arboisien. 阿博伊人的牧师。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.84
Philippe Bruniaux
{"title":"Pasteur the Arboisien.","authors":"Philippe Bruniaux","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.84","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Louis Pasteur was born in Dole on December 27, 1822. The Pasteur family left the town of Dole in August 1825. After five years in Marnoz, Jean-Joseph Pasteur rented a tannery in Arbois in 1830.In the 1831 register of house visits, he is mentioned at 83 rue de Courcelles: \"Pasteur Jean-Joseph, tanner, age 39, from Besançon. Jeanne Etiennette Roqui his wife, 37 years old, from Marnoz 4 children: Jeanne-Antoine 11 years old. Louis 9 years old. Joséphine 5 years old. Emilie 3 years old. A worker, Eloy Dole, 25 years old, from Poligny\". At that time, Arbois and its suburbs had nearly 7000 inhabitants. The young Pasteur first attended the mutual education school and then the municipal college. After failing in Paris in 1838 to prepare for the baccalaureate, Pasteur studied rhetoric in Arbois and then, in 1839, at the royal college in Besançon. In 1842, Pasteur entered the École normale supérieure. In 1849 he became a professor at the faculty of Strasbourg, 1854 professor and dean of the new faculty of sciences of Lille, 1857 Pasteur was at the Ecole normale supérieure as administrator and director of scientific studies.In spite of his high functions, Pasteur and his family always came back to Arbois, it was a return to their roots.\"If there is no Arbois, there is no Pasteur,\" said the writer and academician Erik Orsenna.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10862524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How has microbiology changed 200 years after Pasteur's birth? 巴斯德诞生200年后，微生物学发生了怎样的变化?
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.85
David Bikard
{"title":"How has microbiology changed 200 years after Pasteur's birth?","authors":"David Bikard","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.85","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The last two centuries have seen major scientific and technological advances that have turned the field of microbiology upside down. If Louis Pasteur came out of his vault to celebrate his two hundredth birthday with us, would he recognize the field of study of which he was one of the founders? Are the objectives of the discipline still the same? What is the influence of new technologies on our scientific approach? What are the new horizons and future challenges?</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10862520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Pasteurian contribution to the history of vaccines. 巴斯德氏对疫苗史的贡献。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-09-13 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.83
Maxime Schwartz
{"title":"The Pasteurian contribution to the history of vaccines.","authors":"Maxime Schwartz","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.83","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccination, the transmission of \"vaccine\", a benign disease of cows, to immunize human beings against smallpox, was invented by Jenner at the end of the eighteenth century. Pasteur, convinced that the vaccine microbe was an attenuated form of the smallpox microbe, showed that, similarly, attenuated forms of other microbes immunized against animal diseases. When applying this principle to rabies, he realized that, in this case, the vaccine was in fact composed of dead microbes. One of his students immediately exploited this result to devise a vaccine against typhoid. The vaccines against diphtheria and tetanus, in 1921, opened a new route, that of immunization with molecules from the pathogenic microbes. Molecular biology then allowed the production of the immunogenic molecules by microorganisms such as yeast, or immunization by genetically modified viruses or messenger RNA inducing our own cells to produce these molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10806485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Claude Combes, pioneer of an eco-evolutionary approach to parasitism. 克劳德·库姆斯，用生态进化方法研究寄生的先驱。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.74
Joseph Jourdane, Michel Delseny, Henri Décamps
{"title":"Claude Combes, pioneer of an eco-evolutionary approach to parasitism.","authors":"Joseph Jourdane,&nbsp;Michel Delseny,&nbsp;Henri Décamps","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.74","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40560584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The double game of chromosomal inversions in a neotropical butterfly. 新热带蝴蝶染色体倒位的双重博弈。
IF 2 4区 生物学
Comptes Rendus Biologies Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.73
Paul Jay, Mathieu Joron
{"title":"The double game of chromosomal inversions in a neotropical butterfly.","authors":"Paul Jay,&nbsp;Mathieu Joron","doi":"10.5802/crbiol.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.73","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over a century after the first description of a polymorphism controlled by a supergene, these genetic architectures still puzzle biologists. Supergenes are groups of tightly linked loci facilitating the co-segregation of combinations of alleles underlying alternative, complex adaptive strategies. The suppression of recombination at supergenes is generally caused by polymorphic chromosomal rearrangements, such as inversions. The existence of inversion polymorphisms and supergene raises theoretical and empirical questions. Why do these architectures evolve? How can alternative combinations of alleles be formed? How and why is polymorphism maintained? The purpose of this paper is to provide answers to these questions by reviewing recent advances in the study of Heliconius numata, an Amazonian butterfly displaying a striking diversity of wing color patterns. In a broad context, this review highlights mechanisms that play an important role in the evolution of new genomic architecture and in the adaptation of species.</p>","PeriodicalId":55231,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus Biologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40563036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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