Current Problems in Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Epigenetic landscape and clinical implications","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a rare, heterogenous group of neoplasms arising from cells of the neuroendocrine system. Amongst solid tumor malignancies, NETs are notable for overall genetic stability and recent data supports the notion that epigenetic changes may drive NET pathogenesis. In this review, major epigenetic mechanisms of NET pathogenesis are reviewed, including changes in DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and microRNA. Prognostic implications of the above are discussed, as well as the expanding diagnostic utility of epigenetic markers in NETs. Lastly, preclinical and clinical evaluations of epigenetically targeted therapies in NETs and are reviewed, with a focus on future directions in therapeutic advancement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of carcinoid heart disease","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carcinoid Heart Disease (CaHD) is defined as the constellation of all cardiac manifestations that occur in patients with carcinoid tumors. Cardiac manifestations are generally due to the paraneoplastic effects of vasoactive substances secreted by carcinoid tumors. These primarily cause cardiac valve dysfunction and resultant heart failure. Successful management of patients with CaHD requires a multidisciplinary team to address both the classical manifestations of carcinoid syndrome, as well as the additional manifestations of cardiac dysfunction. While the cornerstone of medical management for carcinoid syndrome are somatostatin analogs (SSAs), there is no evidence to suggest that the usage of SSAs influences the development or progression of CaHD. Additionally, while liver-directed therapies provide a survival benefit to symptomatic carcinoid syndrome patients with resectable disease, there are conflicting data on the survival benefit of hepatic resection among patients with CaHD. Cardiac surgery in patients with CaHD is a complex undertaking, and is the only definitive treatment for symptom management in CaHD with significant survival benefit for patients in advanced disease states. Two crucial surgical decisions to be made are determining which valve(s) should be replaced, and what prosthetic should be utilized. While challenging in this often medically frail population, cardiac surgery confers a survival benefit and should be pursued in cases of symptomatic CaHD or progressive right ventricular dysfunction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Title Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0147-0272(24)00062-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0147-0272(24)00062-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141979410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information for Readers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0147-0272(24)00063-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0147-0272(24)00063-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141979411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: when and what","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, the treatment landscape for metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (MPPGL) has seen both progress and setbacks. We provide an up-to-date review of the multimodality management of MPPGL and discuss novel opportunities and current challenges in the treatment landscape. Given the unique clinical presentation of MPPGL, we discuss the management of hormone-related clinical sequelae and traditional modalities of therapy. Advances in the understanding of the molecular biology of these diverse tumors have enabled novel strategies such as augmenting DNA damage by targeted delivery of radionuclides such as ¹³¹I and ¹⁷⁷Lu, abrogating tumor angiogenesis, hypoxia resistance, and DNA damage repair. Despite progress, we address the significant challenges still faced by patients and researchers engaged in efforts to improve outcomes in these rare cancers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147027224000576/pdfft?md5=cc5b1245bfeaadc2862177d2b43c4d5d&pid=1-s2.0-S0147027224000576-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141638532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menin signaling and therapeutic targeting in breast cancer","authors":"Peng Liu ,&nbsp;Chaowen Shi ,&nbsp;Lipeng Qiu ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Shang ,&nbsp;Ziwen Lu ,&nbsp;Zhigang Tu ,&nbsp;Hanqing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To date, mounting evidence have shown that patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) may face an increased risk for breast carcinogenesis. The product of the <em>MEN</em>1 gene, menin, was also indicated to be an important regulator in breast cancer signaling network. Menin directly interacts with MLL, EZH2, JunD, NF-κB, PPARγ, VDR, Smad3, β-catenin and ERα to modulate gene transcriptions leading to cell proliferation inhibition. Moreover, interaction of menin-FANCD2 contributes to the enhancement of BRCA1-mediated DNA repair mechanism. Ectopic expression of menin causes Bax-, Bak- and Caspase-8-dependent apoptosis. However, despite numbers of menin inhibitors were exploited in other cancers, data on the usage of menin inhibitors in breast cancer treatment remain limited. In this review, we focused on the menin associated signaling pathways and gene transcription regulations, with the aim of elucidating its molecular mechanisms and of guiding the development of novel menin targeted drugs in breast cancer therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141538970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capivasertib in Hormone Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative advanced breast cancer","authors":"Zaheer Qureshi ,&nbsp;Faryal Altaf ,&nbsp;Mikail Khanzada ,&nbsp;Zaofashan Zaheer ,&nbsp;Eeshal Fatima ,&nbsp;Muhammad Bakhtiar","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This review discusses the role and efficacy of Capivasertib in managing Hormone Receptor-Positive (HR+) breast cancer.</p></div><div><h3>Summary</h3><p>Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women worldwide. This article is an in-depth analysis of advanced therapeutic options involving Capivasertib in treating HR+ Breast Cancer. It focuses on the mode of action, efficacy, clinical trials, and comparison with fulvestrant alone. This review also highlights the therapy's precision in targeting specific cancer cells. Its mechanism of action involves preventing cancer cells from growing and having a cytotoxic effect on them. It improves progression-free survival while maintaining the quality of life. The side effects can be easily managed by dose reduction or discontinuation of the drug. This article sheds light on the ongoing trials and FDA recognition.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In conclusion, Capivasertib-fulvestrant therapy shows potential as an innovative therapeutic option for HR+ breast cancer but warrants additional research, especially in randomized control trials (RCT). It resulted in longer progression-free survival compared to fulvestrant alone. Its side effect profile is minimal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The predictive value of hematological inflammatory markers for severe oral mucositis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma during intensity-modulated radiation therapy: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Xiaoxian Huang ,&nbsp;Xinling Qin ,&nbsp;Weimei Huang ,&nbsp;Ben Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study aims to investigate the predictive value of the circulating blood cell count, including neutro-philto-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR), and thesystemic inflammation index (SII) for the development of severe oral mucositis (SOM) induced by radiation in patients undergoing radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this retrospective study, 142 NPC patients were screened, and based on mucositis toxicity grade, they were categorized into two groups: SOM and nonSOM. Peripheral blood cell counts were conducted prior to Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT). Associations between blood cell count, NLR, PLR, SII, and SOM occurrence were examined.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Revealed elevated NLR and SII levels, along with reduced lymphocyte (LYM), eosinophil (EOS), and basophil (BAS) in patients with SOM. LYM, EOS, BAS, NLR, and SII were effective predictors of the severity of radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) in NPC patients.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The occurrence of SOM was strongly linked to the hematological status at the start of Radiation Therapy (RT). Integrating BAS count and NLR into comprehensive risk prediction models could prove valuable for predicting SOM in NPC patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147027224000588/pdfft?md5=8326ff79369479e0a1f515805be17da2&pid=1-s2.0-S0147027224000588-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic risk stratification using C-reactive protein, albumin, and associated inflammatory biomarkers in patients with advanced cancer in palliative care","authors":"Geisiane Alves da Silva ,&nbsp;Livia Costa de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Emanuelly Varea Maria Wiegert ,&nbsp;Larissa Calixto-Lima ,&nbsp;Gabriella da Costa Cunha ,&nbsp;Wilza Arantes Ferreira Peres","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To evaluate the prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, CRP/albumin ratio (CAR), and modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) at different thresholds in patients with advanced cancer in palliative care.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Prospective cohort study with patients evaluated at a palliative care unit in Brazil between July 2016 and March 2020. We included patients ≥ 20 years old, both sexes, able to provide the necessary information or accompanied by someone able to do so, and Karnofsky Performance Status ≥ 30 %. The exclusion criteria were the absence of laboratory data and previous diagnosis of autoimmune and infectious diseases. The thresholds analyzed were: CRP &lt; 5 vs. 5-10 vs. &gt; 10 mg/L, albumin &lt; 2.4 vs. 2.4-2.9 vs. 3.0-3.5 vs. &gt; 3.5 g/dL; CAR &lt;1.2 vs. 1.2–2.0 vs. &gt; 2.0, and mGPS equal to 0 vs. 1 vs. 2. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models (with hazard ratios [HR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]) were used to evaluate prognostic value, and the concordance statistic (C-statistic) was used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of these thresholds to predict death within 90 days.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 1,877 patients were included. Median overall survival was 51 (19;124) days and decreased in line with the deterioration of the inflammatory biomarkers. According to the Cox regression models, HR increased as the thresholds worsened (CRP: 1.74 [95% CI, 1.50-2.02] to 2.30 [95% CI, 2.00-2.64]; albumin: 1.77 [95% CI, 1.52-2.07] to 2.60 [95% CI, 2.15-3.14]; CAR: 1.47 [95% CI, 1.21-1.77] to 2.35 [95% CI, 2.05-2.69]; mGPS: 1.78 [95% CI, 1.40-2.23] to 1.89 [95% CI, 1.65-2.15]). All the inflammatory biomarkers evaluated showed discriminatory accuracy for predicting death (C-statistic &gt;0.70), with CAR as the best parameter (C-statistic: 0.80).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results suggest that CRP, albumin, CAR, and mGPS can be used as clinically meaningful biomarkers to stratify patients with advanced cancer in palliative care according to the severity of these indicators.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current perspectives of KRAS in non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"Ethan Harris ,&nbsp;Rajat Thawani","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>NSCLC has a diverse genomic background with mutations in key proto-oncogenic drivers including Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Roughly 40% of adenocarcinoma harbor Kras activating mutations regardless of smoking history. Most KRAS mutations are located at G12, which include G12C (roughly 40%), G12V (roughly 20%), and G12D (roughly 15%). KRAS mutated NSCLC have higher tumor mutational burden and some have increased PD-1 expression, which has resulted in better responses to immunotherapy than other oncogenes. While initial treatment for metastatic NSCLC still relies on chemo-immunotherapy, directly targeting KRAS has proven to be efficacious in treating patients with KRAS mutated metastatic NSCLC. To date, two G12C inhibitors have been FDA-approved, namely sotorasib and adagrasib. In this review, we summarize the different drug combinations used to target KRAS G12c, upcoming G12D inhibitors and novel therapies targeting KRAS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141328663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}