Current Problems in Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Current landscape of targeted therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Amane Jubashi ,&nbsp;Daisuke Kotani ,&nbsp;Takashi Kojima ,&nbsp;Naoko Takebe ,&nbsp;Kohei Shitara","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Esophageal cancer is the seventh most common malignancy worldwide and is primarily categorized into adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with the predominant histological type varying by region. In Western countries, including the United States, adenocarcinoma is more prevalent, whereas in East Asian countries, SCC is more common, with it constituting 86% of cases in Japan. Although there has been an increasing trend of adenocarcinoma in Western populations, SCC still accounts for the majority of esophageal cancer cases globally. Cytotoxic chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment, however, targeted therapies including EGFR, FGFR, PI3K, or CDK4/6, despite showing preliminary efficacy signals, have not yet received regulatory approval. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown therapeutic efficacy and have been approved as a monotherapy or combination therapy for advanced esophageal SCC (ESCC). Although PD-L1 expression is the only clinically applicable biomarker for first-line therapy with ICIs in ESCC, responses to ICIs are various, and novel predictive biomarkers are under investigation. Furthermore, novel antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) hold promise for advanced ESCC. This review includes the current landscape and future perspectives of potential targeted therapy for advanced ESCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term clinical outcomes after the second metastasectomy in patients with resected metastatic colorectal cancer","authors":"Songji Choi ,&nbsp;Minsu Kang ,&nbsp;Ji-Won Kim ,&nbsp;Jin Won Kim ,&nbsp;Jae Hyun Jeon ,&nbsp;Heung-Kwon Oh ,&nbsp;Hae Won Lee ,&nbsp;Jai Young Cho ,&nbsp;Duck-Woo Kim ,&nbsp;Sukki Cho ,&nbsp;Jee Hyun Kim ,&nbsp;Kwhanmien Kim ,&nbsp;Sung-Bum Kang ,&nbsp;Sanghoon Jheon ,&nbsp;Keun-Wook Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Primary tumor resection and metastasectomy are curative for metastatic colorectal cancer. However, there is still a paucity of data regarding the clinical outcomes and risk factors after disease recurrence and second metastasectomy.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent the second metastasectomy. In addition, risk factors for the outcomes were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 94 patients (39 females and 55 males) received a second metastasectomy after the recurrence. Recurrent sites included the lung (47 patients), liver (36 patients), both lung and liver (four patients), and non-lung/non-liver (seven patients). Among them, 89 (94.7 %) patients achieved R0 resection, while three (3.2 %) and two (2.1 %) patients achieved R1 and R2 resections, respectively. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 42.8±5.3 % and 67.2±4.9 %, respectively. Multivariable analysis for DFS identified that primary rectal cancer (hazard ratio [HR] 0.45, P=0.033) and disease-free interval after the first metastasectomy of ≥12 months (HR 0.39, P=0.002) were good predictive factors; in contrast, non-lung/non-liver metastasis (HR 3.32, P=0.020) was a poor predictive factor. Multivariable analysis for OS showed that age ≥70 years (HR 3.27, P=0.011), non-lung/non-liver metastasis (HR 4.04, P=0.024), and lesion number ≥2 (HR 2.25, P=0.023) were poor prognostic factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Patients who underwent a second metastasectomy had a long-term disease-free state and good OS. Our data suggest that a second metastasectomy should be considered if a patient has a limited number of metastases confined to the liver and/or lung and long DFS after the first metastasectomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The current state of proton radiotherapy","authors":"Colton Powers,&nbsp;Erin Kaya,&nbsp;Andrew Bertinetti,&nbsp;Arthur Hung","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiotherapy is indicated for nearly all cancers and at all stages in one form or another. More than half of all cancer patients are treated with radiation at some point in their cancer treatment. Conventional X-ray (photon) based radiotherapy does have a number of physical limitations which were theorized to be overcome by instead employing proton based radiotherapy. The late 1990s and early 2000s saw a rapid adoption in proton therapy as many speculated a greatly improved therapeutic window compared with photon therapy. Only a few randomized clinical trials have been reported, but to-date proton therapy has not shown to improve cancer control metrics. There is improved treatment related toxicity which may be clinically meaningful in some scenarios, but further expansion and wide spread utilization of the technology may be drastically limited by the substantially higher start up and operational costs of a proton center. Nonetheless, proton therapy may be beneficial in select scenarios which warrant individualized consideration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-based pathological application to predict regional lymph node metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer","authors":"Dawei Sun ,&nbsp;Huichao Li ,&nbsp;Yaozong Wang ,&nbsp;Dayuan Li ,&nbsp;Di Xu ,&nbsp;Zhoujing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a model for predicting lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer was trained using pathology images from the TCGA(The Cancer Genome Atlas) public dataset of papillary thyroid cancer, and a front-end inference model was trained using our center's dataset based on the concept of probabilistic propagation of nodes in graph neural networks. Effectively predicting whether a tumor will spread to regional lymph nodes using a single pathological image is the capacity of the model described above. This study demonstrates that regional lymph nodes in papillary thyroid cancer are a common and predictable occurrence, providing valuable ideas for future research. Now we publish the above research process and code for further study by other researchers, and we also make the above inference algorithm public at the URL: http:// thyroid-diseases-research.com/, with the hope that other researchers will validate it and provide us with ideas or datasets for further study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four versus six cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced Urothelial carcinoma in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A retrospective cohort study (FOCUS, KCSG-GU23-08)","authors":"Kwonoh Park ,&nbsp;Eo Jin Kim ,&nbsp;Jin Young Kim ,&nbsp;Hyojeong Kim ,&nbsp;Inkeun Park ,&nbsp;Joo-Hwan Park ,&nbsp;Byeong Seok Sohn ,&nbsp;Hyo Jin Lee ,&nbsp;Jungmin Jo ,&nbsp;Seok Jae Huh ,&nbsp;Jae Lyun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the survival outcomes of four versus six cycles of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (PBCT) in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC).</div></div><div><h3>Patients and Methods</h3><div>Patients with histologically confirmed advanced UC were allocated to either the 4-cycle PBCT (C4) or 6-cycle PBCT (C6) groups and retrospectively analyzed. After the planned cycles, active surveillance was conducted every 6–8 weeks, followed by second-line treatments, including ICIs, upon progression. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 161 patients initiated with PBCT between September 2016 and February 2023, 27 were deemed ineligible, leaving 134 patients for analysis (C4, <em>n</em> = 58; C6, <em>n</em> = 77). Baseline characteristics, including cisplatin eligibility, were similar between the groups. With a median follow-up of 23.7 months (95 % confidence interval (CI), 20.3–27.1), no significant difference was observed in OS between the C6 and C4 groups (18.7 months vs. 17.0 months; hazard ratio (HR) 1.27, <em>P</em> = 0.343). In multivariate analysis adjusted for sex, initial presentation, metastatic lesion, and ECOG PS, no significant difference was observed between the C6 and C4 groups (HR 1.29, 95 % CI, 0.78–2.14, <em>P</em> = 0.315).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study showed that four cycles of PBCT do not differ from six cycles regarding OS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metaplastic breast cancer: Experience with ifosfamide based chemotherapy","authors":"Nidhi Gupta ,&nbsp;Shifali Dogra ,&nbsp;Kislay Dimri ,&nbsp;Awadhesh Kumar Pandey ,&nbsp;Jesu Susan Jose ,&nbsp;RS Punia","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Metaplastic breast cancer (MPBC) is a rare variant of breast cancer and most treatment protocols are based on the guidelines for triple negative breast cancer. However, response to standard anthracycline and taxane based chemotherapy is poor. Published literature on use of ifosfamide based chemotherapy in the first line setting for MPBC is scarce.</p></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><p>We carried out this record based analysis on MPBC patients treated at our institute with the combination of ifosfamide and Adriamycin (IA) as first line therapy. Patients were analysed for the clinical and demographic profile; pathology and treatment details; and treatment outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Four patients who received IA chemotherapy were evaluated. Three of the four patients were postmenopausal. The median size of the tumor was 7.5 cm, only one patient had a heavy nodal burden and lung was the most common site of metastases seen in all three patients with metastatic disease. Pathology showed heterogenous, mixed histology with high grade tumors. All patients had triple negative tumors. All four patients underwent mastectomy and received IA chemotherapy as per standard doses. One patient had complete response, one had partial response and one patient progressed after 4 cycles of chemotherapy. The patient with localized disease continues to be disease free till date. Grade 3,4 neutropenia and grade 2 anemia was the most common chemotherapy related toxicity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The response rates in MPBC with IA regimen appear to be similar to the currently used anthracycline-taxane combinations, with slightly more haematological toxicity. Ifosfamide and adriamycin regimen may be considered in MPBC patients as primary or salvage systemic therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information for Readers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0147-0272(24)00078-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0147-0272(24)00078-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147027224000783/pdfft?md5=9db5d3189d1105a34bd305df63288304&pid=1-s2.0-S0147027224000783-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Title Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0147-0272(24)00077-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0147-0272(24)00077-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147027224000771/pdfft?md5=5969f9b33c1231049b7377fc96f63121&pid=1-s2.0-S0147027224000771-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the intricacies of GLI1 in hedgehog signaling: A combined bioinformatics and clinical analysis in Head & Neck cancer in Western India","authors":"Hitarth V. Patel ,&nbsp;Franky D. Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Activation of various cancer stem cell pathways are thought to be responsible for treatment failure and loco-regional recurrence in Head and Neck cancer. Hedgehog signaling, a major cancer stem signaling pathway plays a major role in relapse of disease. GLI1, a transcription activator, plays an important role in canonical/non-canonical activation of Hedgehog signaling.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data for H&amp;N cancer patients were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas- H&amp;N Cancer (TCGA-HNSC). GLI1 co-expressed genes in TCGA-HNSC were then identified using cBioPortal and subjected to KEGG pathway analysis by DAVID tool. Network Analyzer and GeneMania plugins from CytoScape were used to identify hub genes and predict a probable pathway from the identified hub genes respectively. To confirm the hypothesis, real-time gene expression was carried out in 75 patients of head and neck cancer.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Significantly higher GLI1 expression was observed in tumor tissues of H&amp;N cancer and it also showed worst overall survival. Using cBioPortal tool, 2345 genes were identified that were significantly co-expressed with GLI1. From which, 15 hub genes were identified through the Network Analyzer plugin in CytoScape. A probable pathway prediction based on hub genes showed the interconnected molecular mechanism and its role in non-canonical activation of Hedgehog pathway by altering the GLI1 activity. The expressions of SHH, GLI1 and AKT1 were significant with each other and were found to be significantly associated with Age, Lymph-Node status and Keratin.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study emphasizes the critical role of the Hh pathway's activation modes in H&amp;N cancer, particularly highlighting the non-canonical activation through GLI1 and AKT1. The identification of SHH, GLI1 and AKT1 as potential diagnostic biomarkers and their association with clinic-pathological parameters underscores their relevance in prognostication and treatment planning. Hh pathway activation through GLI1 and its cross-talk with various pathways opens up the possibility of newer treatment strategies and developing a panel of therapeutic targets in H&amp;N cancer patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ROS1-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer: Understanding biology and optimizing management in the era of new approvals","authors":"Nathaniel J Myall ,&nbsp;Millie Das","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rearrangements involving the <em>ROS1</em> gene are infrequent in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but represent an important targetable driver alteration. Occurring most commonly in patients with adenocarcinoma who have a light or never smoking history, <em>ROS1</em> rearrangements can be identified by either fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) or next-generation sequencing techniques. Multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are now available for the effective treatment of <em>ROS1-</em>rearranged NSCLC in the metastatic setting including crizotinib, entrectinib, and repotrectinib as first-line therapy options. In addition, newer targeted therapies with increased selectivity for ROS1 over other targets are also emerging. As treatment of the disease continues to evolve, understanding the clinical course of patients with <em>ROS1-</em>rearranged NSCLC as well as the data supporting the latest therapy options is key to timely, effective, and longitudinal care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 101133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}