Current Problems in Cancer最新文献

{"title":"BCMA-directed CAR-T cell therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: efficacy, safety, survival, and future directions - A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Muhammad Shaheer Mannan, Adeena Musheer, Muhammad Waqas Khan, Hur Abbas, Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jillani, Ali Shan Hafeez","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2026.101301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2026.101301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple myeloma is an incurable hematologic malignancy, although therapeutic advances have improved survival. BCMA-directed CAR-T cell therapy has shown high response rates in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), but efficacy and toxicity vary across trials. A rigorous synthesis of current evidence is needed to better define these outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective interventional trials published from inception to January 2026 evaluating BCMA-targeted CAR-T therapies in adults with RRMM. Trials reporting efficacy or safety outcomes were included. Pooled estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated in R. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, publication bias with Egger's regression, and stability with leave-one-out sensitivity analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen clinical trials including 1,278 patients with RRMM and a median of 3 to 8 prior lines of therapy were included^1-4. The pooled overall response rate (ORR) was 86% (95% CI: 80-90%; I² = 75.9%). Grade ≥ 3 immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) occurred in 3% of patients (95% CI: 2-4%; I² = 0%). Discontinuation due to toxicity occurred in 4% (95% CI: 1-9%; I² = 68.2%), and treatment-related mortality in 5% (95% CI: 3-9%; I² = 64%). Additional efficacy and safety outcomes, including disease control rate and grade ≥ 3 hematologic toxicities, were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BCMA-directed CAR-T cell therapy demonstrates high efficacy in RRMM with a low incidence of severe neurotoxicity. However, severe hematologic toxicities are frequent and treatment-related mortality remains clinically relevant, highlighting the need for optimized patient selection and toxicity mitigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"101301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CAR-T/NK/M-based combination therapies in cancer: A comprehensive review","authors":"Shivani Vaja ,&nbsp;Shubhi Khandelwal ,&nbsp;Chaitali Vora ,&nbsp;Abdul Arif Khan ,&nbsp;Syed Wajeed ,&nbsp;M. Hassan Sk ,&nbsp;Mirza S. Baig","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2026.101269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2026.101269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, in combination with other treatments or medications, presents a groundbreaking development in cancer immunotherapy. CAR-T immunotherapy has shown remarkable progress, with multiple therapies approved by the US FDA for hematological malignancies. Studies indicate that CAR-NK and CAR-M therapies are more effective against solid tumors than CAR-T-based therapy. The synergistic potential of combining CAR-based therapies with immunomodulatory agents, cytokines, oncolytic viruses, and immune checkpoint inhibitors presents a promising strategy for treating various cancers. This comprehensive review examines the current status and application of CAR-T, CAR-NK, and CAR-M therapies, particularly their integration with immunomodulatory agents and other molecules for treating solid tumors, including glioblastoma, pancreatic, gastric, liver, ovarian, lung, and breast cancers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146020847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful autologous stem cell transplantation in a case of multiple myeloma with mechanical heart valves","authors":"Isha Shah ,&nbsp;Diksha Dev Yadav ,&nbsp;Brig. Dr Anil Khetrapal ,&nbsp;Giriraj Saini ,&nbsp;Pankaj Malhotra ,&nbsp;Lalit Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2026.101267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2026.101267","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Title: Impact of CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphism on breast cancer risk: Evidence from Bangladesh","authors":"Sm Faysal Bellah ,&nbsp;S M Saker Billah","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2026.101268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2026.101268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The <em>CYP3A5</em> gene plays a crucial role in drug metabolism and carcinogen activation, potentially influencing breast cancer susceptibility. However, its genetic association with breast cancer risk in the Bangladeshi population remains under explored.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to examine the expression and genetic correlation of the <em>CYP3A5<strong>*</strong>3</em> (rs776746) polymorphism in relation to breast cancer susceptibility.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A case-control study was performed with 150 breast cancer patients and 150 healthy controls to investigate genotypic variations of the <em>CYP3A5*3</em> (rs776746) polymorphism using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. The relationship between the <em>CYP3A5*3</em> variant and breast cancer risk was assessed by calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) through logistic regression models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The <em>CYP3A5<strong>*</strong>3</em> polymorphism exhibited a significant association with increased breast cancer risks. Breast cancer risk was found to be higher in heterozygotes than in homozygotes. Individuals carrying the heterozygous (*1/*3) and mutant homozygote (*3/*3) genotypes had a 3.04-fold (<em>p</em> = 0.0005) and 1.9-fold (<em>p</em> = 0.0227) increased risk of developing breast cancer respectively. Furthermore, the combined (*1/*3 + *3/*3) genotype was significantly linked to a 3.67-fold higher susceptibility to breast cancer risks (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0005).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest that the <em>CYP3A5<strong>*</strong>3</em> polymorphism is significantly associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer in Bangladeshi population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146020893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Title Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0147-0272(26)00006-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0147-0272(26)00006-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic symptom monitoring improves chemotherapy dose intensity in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer","authors":"Yuki Takei ,&nbsp;Atsufumi Nomoto ,&nbsp;Mizuki Kawashima ,&nbsp;Yuko Miyake ,&nbsp;Arisa Kawakami ,&nbsp;Tadamitsu Shima ,&nbsp;Isao Teshima ,&nbsp;Natsumi Nomoto ,&nbsp;Yoshiharu Mitsunaga ,&nbsp;Tamaki Watanabe ,&nbsp;Yukie Nagase ,&nbsp;Nobuhiro Yasuno","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The present study investigated the clinical impact of electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) monitoring on chemotherapy dose intensities and adverse event (AE) management in patients with early-stage breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this single-center retrospective study, conducted between October 2022 and June 2024, we compared outcomes between patients treated with and without ePRO monitoring during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients who achieved an average relative dose intensity (ARDI) of ≥85 %. The secondary endpoint was the persistence of grade ≥2 non-hematologic AEs, defined as symptoms that remained unresolved (i.e., not improved to grade ≤1) by the start of the subsequent chemotherapy cycle. Follow-ups continued until October 31, 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ninety-six patients were analyzed (ePRO group, <em>n</em> = 42; usual care group, <em>n</em> = 54). The percentage of patients achieving ARDI ≥85 % was significantly higher in the ePRO group than in the usual care group (85.7 % vs. 66.7 %, <em>p</em> = 0.029). The persistence of non-hematologic AEs was significantly lower in the ePRO group (<em>p</em> = 0.002). A multivariate analysis confirmed that ePRO use was independently associated with ARDI ≥85 % (odds ratio [OR], 4.05; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.04–15.8; <em>p</em> = 0.045) and reduced AE persistence (OR, 0.08; 95 % CI, 0.01–0.49; <em>p</em> = 0.002).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ePRO monitoring may help to maintain chemotherapy dose intensities and shorten the duration of AEs in early-stage breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145776591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the microbiome’s role in breast cancer progression and treatment response","authors":"Anmar Ghanim Taki ,&nbsp;Abdulkareem Shareef ,&nbsp;Vimal Arora ,&nbsp;Rami Oweis ,&nbsp;S. Renuka Jyothi ,&nbsp;Udaybir Singh ,&nbsp;Samir Sahoo ,&nbsp;Ashish Singh Chauhan ,&nbsp;Farzona Alimova ,&nbsp;Hayder Naji Sameer ,&nbsp;Ahmed Yaseen ,&nbsp;Zainab H. Athab ,&nbsp;Mohaned Adil","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The human microbiome, encompassing microbial communities in the gut and breast tissue, has emerged as a critical modulator of breast cancer (BC) initiation, progression, and treatment response. This review synthesizes current evidence on the microbiome’s role in BC, highlighting its influence on tumorigenesis, tumor microenvironment (TME), and therapeutic outcomes. Breast cancer, the most prevalent malignancy among women globally, exhibits significant heterogeneity across its molecular subtype’s hormone receptor-positive, HER2-enriched, and triple-negative—each with distinct clinical challenges. Recent studies reveal that microbial dysbiosis in the gut and breast tissue can drive oncogenesis through mechanisms such as immune modulation, estrogen metabolism, and inflammation. Gut microbes, via the “estrobolome,” regulate circulating estrogen levels, impacting hormone-driven BC, while breast tissue microbiota contributes to local inflammation and DNA damage, promoting tumor progression. Specific microbial taxa, including Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Escherichia coli, are enriched in BC patients, whereas beneficial species like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are diminished. The microbiome also influences treatment efficacy, with gut microbial diversity linked to enhanced chemotherapy and immunotherapy responses, while antibiotic-induced dysbiosis may impair outcomes. Emerging research suggests microbiome signatures as potential biomarkers for predicting therapeutic success, with Akkermansia muciniphila and short-chain fatty acids showing promise in enhancing anti-tumor immunity. Probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation offerel therapeutic avenues, though challenges such as standardization, interindividual variability, and safety concerns remain. Integrating multi-omics and machine learning could elucidate microbiome-host interactions, paving the way for precision oncology. This review underscores the transformative potential of microbiome-based diagnostics and interventions in improving BC management, emphasizing the need for large-scale, longitudinal studies to validate these findings and address existing research gaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information for Readers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0147-0272(26)00007-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0147-0272(26)00007-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiogenesis biomarkers in prostate cancer: Unlocking new avenues for prognosis and diagnosis","authors":"Büşra Ecer ,&nbsp;Abdullah Sivrikaya ,&nbsp;Gökhan Ecer ,&nbsp;Serdar Göktaş ,&nbsp;Mehmet Yıldız ,&nbsp;Mehmet Balasar ,&nbsp;Ali Ünlü","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the levels of angiogenesis-related biomarkers, including Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), Endostatin, Osteopontin, and Tumstatin, in prostate cancer patients and their relationship with tumor spread and clinical parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective study included 92 participants divided into three groups: 33 prostate cancer patients, 29 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 30 healthy controls. Biomarker levels were analyzed and compared among the groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Osteopontin levels were significantly higher in the prostate cancer group (108.5 ng/mL) compared to the BPH (66.02 ng/mL) and control groups (56.5 ng/mL). TSP1 levels were lower in prostate cancer group (16.3 ng/mL) than in the BPH (25.3 ng/mL) and control groups (21.5 ng/mL). Similarly, Endostatin levels were reduced in the prostate cancer group (146.3 ng/mL) compared to the BPH (163.3 ng/mL) and control groups (166.2 ng/mL). No significant differences in Tumstatin levels were observed among the groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Elevated Osteopontin levels correlate with higher Gleason scores and metastatic potential, while lower TSP1 and Endostatin levels are associated with advanced tumor progression. These biomarkers may serve as indicators of prognosis in prostate cancer, though larger studies are required for validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information for Readers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0147-0272(25)00086-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0147-0272(25)00086-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}