Current Problems in Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of toripalimab in treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A meta-analysis","authors":"Yiwei Sun ,&nbsp;Lingqin Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of toripalimab in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) based on clinical trial reports.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and The Cochrane Library) were comprehensively searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or single-arm clinical trials of toripalimab in treating NPC up to May 8, 2025. Two investigators independently screened relevant studies according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data analyses were performed using R4.0 software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This analysis included 9 trials, including 7 single-arm trials and 2 RCTs, involving a total of 608 patients. The meta-analysis results indicated that toripalimab could improve objective response rate (RR=0.780, 95 % CI: 0.554-0.911) and disease control rate (RR = 0.921, 95 % CI: 0.788-0.992) in NPC patients. Nonetheless, toripalimab administration could also induce adverse reactions. The incidence of the following adverse reactions was relatively high, at 60.6 % for anemia, 65.4 % for nausea, and 46.1 % for leukopenia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Toripalimab administration can significantly improve the objective response rate and disease control rate in NPC patients. Meanwhile, specific clinical measures shall be taken to prevent and manage the adverse reactions induced by this medication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MAGE-A3 as a target for cancer immunotherapy: A systematic review of clinical and preclinical evidence","authors":"Gaurang Telang ,&nbsp;Smriti Mishra ,&nbsp;Anurag Sureshbabu ,&nbsp;Samruddhi Kulkarni ,&nbsp;Shantanu Joshi ,&nbsp;Rajshri Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>MAGE-A3, a cancer-testis antigen, is a promising immunotherapeutic target due to its high expression in various malignancies and limited expression in normal tissues. However, clinical outcomes with MAGE-A3-based therapies have been inconsistent.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of MAGE-A3 immunotherapy in cancer by synthesizing clinical and <em>in vitro</em> evidence regarding efficacy, immunogenicity, safety, and predictive biomarkers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024577090). A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane for articles published until February 8, 2024, supplemented by a manual review of bibliographies. Two independent reviewers followed PRISMA guidelines for study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment, including Risk of Bias evaluation using the ROBVIS tool.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ninety-three studies were included. Clinical investigations, mainly in melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), demonstrated that MAGE-A3 immunotherapy is generally safe and elicits antigen-specific immune responses. However, large phase III trials (e.g., MAGRIT, DERMA) failed to show significant improvements in disease-free or overall survival. A subset of studies identified predictive gene signatures correlating with better outcomes. <em>In vitro</em> studies provided mechanistic insights, revealing enhanced antigen expression through epigenetic modulation, improved dendritic cell-mediated antigen presentation, and promising results from advanced T-cell receptor engineering.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although MAGE-A3 immunotherapy induces immune responses with a favorable safety profile, its clinical efficacy remains limited. Future strategies should focus on optimized patient selection via predictive biomarkers and combination therapies to enhance antitumor effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient reported outcomes for symptom toxicity in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy","authors":"Nidhi Gupta ,&nbsp;Aanchal Arora ,&nbsp;Kislay Dimri ,&nbsp;Awadhesh Kumar Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patient reported outcomes (PRO) usually report greater symptom toxicity compared to physician reported outcomes (PhyRO). In the present study, we measured PRO about symptom toxicity in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy and compared them with the PhyRO. We analysed the factors responsible for greater symptom severity on PRO. We also assessed the health-related Quality of Life (QoL).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Sixty-seven breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy were prospectively enrolled. PhyRO were reported using the CTCAE v5.0 while PRO were reported using PRO CTCAE v1.0. To determine the level of agreement between the PRO and PhyRO, we employed weighted Kappa statistics. EQ-5D-5 L scale was used to assess the QoL.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Post radiotherapy, when PRO were compared with PhyRO, fair agreement (<em>K</em> = 0.21–0.40) was seen for nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, dysgeusia, anorexia and fatigue; moderate agreement (<em>K</em> = 0.41–0.60) was seen for pain; slight agreement (<em>K</em> = 0.01–0.20) was seen for myalgia; almost perfect agreement (<em>K</em> = 0.81–1.00) was seen for pruritis and substantial agreement (<em>K</em> = 0.61–0.80) was seen for dermatitis. Overall, the concordance between PhyRO and PRO appeared poor. Factors which were significantly associated with lesser symptom toxicity on PhyRO were patient age (41-60 years), literacy, housewives, married females, rural background, poor financial status, stage II, treated with three fields, treated with hypofractionation and male gender of the physician. There was no difference in the mean utility values of patients corresponding to the severity of toxicities reported by PhyRO or PRO.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study strongly supports the inclusion of PRO in routine clinical care as complimentary information to PhyRO to improve patient care, compliance and clinical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in breast cancer therapy: “Exploring the therapeutic potential of CDK 4/6 inhibitors and their clinical impact.”","authors":"Gayatri D. Ambere ,&nbsp;Devesh N. Prajapati ,&nbsp;Dyandevi Mathure ,&nbsp;Dileep Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most common malignancies diagnosed globally is breast cancer, a condition that is impacted by both environmental and genetic causes, there are three distinct molecular subtypes of breast cancer: hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-positive (HER2+), and triple-negative (TNBC). About 70–75 % of instances of breast cancer are HR+, whereas 15–25 % of cases are HER2+ tumours, which can be successfully treated with targeted therapy. TNBC poses specific treatment problems and is linked to an increased risk of early recurrence because it lacks expression of ER, PR, and HER2. With the discovery of Inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), such as ribociclib, palbociclib, and abemaciclib, the treatment of advanced HR+/HER2− breast cancer has shifted. These drugs are essential for arresting the cell cycle and limiting tumour growth. These inhibitors particularly target the cell cycle development from the G1 to the S phase, which is frequently dysregulated in breast cancer. CDK4/6 inhibitors' full potential is still being investigated, including the way they might be applied to various breast cancer subtypes and in conjunction with other treatments.</div><div>This review comprehensively examines the utilization strategies of CDK 4/6 inhibitors across various breast cancer subtypes, explores the mechanism of resistance, and highlights potential applications in combination with other treatments. Through a detailed analysis of clinical trials and real-world data, The review highlights how CDK4/6 inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment landscape for breast cancer, paving the way for optimized treatment outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Title Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0147-0272(25)00053-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0147-0272(25)00053-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information for Readers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0147-0272(25)00054-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0147-0272(25)00054-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormonal treatment of aggressive angiomyxoma","authors":"Aleksandra Maciejczyk ,&nbsp;Karol Bartecki ,&nbsp;Anna M. Czarnecka ,&nbsp;Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz ,&nbsp;Piotr Rutowski ,&nbsp;Tomasz Świtaj","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This review aims to evaluate the efficacy of hormonal therapy, including gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH agonists), aromatase inhibitors (AIs), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and combination therapy in the management of aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify studies reporting the use of hormonal interventions in AAM treatment. Seventy-five scientific papers were analyzed to gather data on treatment modalities, response rates, and adverse effects, which were then extracted and synthesized. The review was structured according to the PICO(S/T) framework to ensure consistency in data synthesis and interpretation. This systematic review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure methodological transparency and rigor.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists demonstrated anti-tumoral activity by inducing hypoestrogenism, resulting in tumor shrinkage and prevention of recurrence. Aromatase inhibitors stabilized disease progression and improved symptoms. Selective estrogen receptor modulators administered postoperatively prolonged progression-free survival. Combination therapies exhibited synergistic effects, with notable responses observed in neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Hormonal therapy presents an effective adjunct to surgical resection in AAM management, especially in cases demonstrating estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positivity. While effective, careful monitoring for adverse effects and individualized treatment approaches are necessary to optimize outcomes and minimize risks. This review highlights the evolving role of hormonal interventions in the multidisciplinary management of AAM, emphasizing the need for further research to refine treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles for epigenetic and other biomarkers in upper tract urothelial carcinoma diagnosis and surveillance","authors":"Gabriele Ricciardi ,&nbsp;Pietro Tralongo ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Fiorentino ,&nbsp;Emanuela Germanà ,&nbsp;Mariagiovanna Ballato ,&nbsp;Walter Giuseppe Giordano ,&nbsp;Ludovica Pepe ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Ficarra ,&nbsp;Cristina Pizzimenti ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Giuffrè ,&nbsp;Valeria Zuccalà ,&nbsp;Antonio Ieni ,&nbsp;Guido Fadda ,&nbsp;Francesco Pierconti ,&nbsp;Maurizio Martini","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence, often diagnosed at advanced stages due to the limitations of current diagnostic tools. Conventional methods such as urinary cytology, imaging, and ureteroscopy have important drawbacks, including low sensitivity, high costs, and procedural invasiveness. As a result, there is a growing need for non-invasive, highly accurate diagnostic approaches.</div><div>Epigenetic biomarkers, particularly DNA methylation-based assays, have emerged as promising alternatives for UTUC detection and surveillance. Among these, Bladder EpiCheck® (BE) has shown remarkable sensitivity and specificity, particularly for high-grade tumors, making it a valuable adjunct to standard diagnostic techniques. By analyzing tumor-specific methylation patterns in urine samples, BE offers a practical and non-invasive solution that could improve early detection, reduce the need for ureteroscopy, and enhance risk stratification. Several studies have demonstrated its superior diagnostic accuracy, with sensitivity reaching 97.4 % and specificity up to 100 % for high-grade UTUC.</div><div>Despite these advantages, challenges remain regarding the standardization of testing protocols, validation in larger patient cohorts, and evaluation of cost-effectiveness. Moreover, the role of DNA methylation biomarkers in guiding clinical decisions and predicting disease progression requires further investigation. This review explores the current state of UTUC diagnosis, compares BE with conventional and emerging biomarkers, and discusses its clinical applications, limitations, and future perspectives. The integration of molecular biomarkers like BE into clinical practice has the potential to revolutionize UTUC diagnosis, improving patient outcomes through more precise, non-invasive detection strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 101222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of fertility preservation in young female patients with gastrointestinal cancer: A case series and systematic literature review","authors":"Gabriella Gentile ,&nbsp;Mariavita Ciccarone","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in young women pose significant challenges to fertility due to the gonadotoxic effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical interventions. While fertility preservation options exist, counseling remains underutilized, limiting patients' reproductive choices. This systematic review and case series examine the impact of GI cancer treatments on female fertility, available preservation techniques, pregnancy outcomes and sexual dysfunction. Despite advancements in fertility preservation, implementation remains suboptimal, underscoring the need for a multidisciplinary approach to improve counseling and reproductive outcomes. Raising awareness and promoting early intervention can enhance fertility preservation efforts and improve the quality of life for young female cancer survivors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of core needle biopsy in the diagnosis of lymphoma: A meta-analysis","authors":"Chloe Cottone ,&nbsp;Katherine Kozlowski ,&nbsp;Joshua Sorrentino ,&nbsp;Kelly Stahovic ,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Ma ,&nbsp;Vishal Gupta ,&nbsp;Ayham Al Afif","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Lymphoma commonly presents in the head and neck. Studies on the sensitivity of core needle biopsy (CNB) in diagnosing subtypes of lymphoma are mixed. We performed a meta-analysis of the existing literature to uncover the sensitivity of CNB in diagnosing lymphoma subtypes.</div></div><div><h3>Data sources</h3><div>PubMed, Embase by Elsevier</div></div><div><h3>Review methods</h3><div>Articles included examined the sensitivity of CNB by lymphoma subtype. We excluded articles that did not use CNB and lacked sufficient data. A random effect logistic regression model was used to pool sensitivity data. Pooled sensitivity estimates and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals were obtained from model estimates and all analyses were conducted at a significance of 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Screening yielded 32 articles (15 including Head and Neck nodes) with 3,027 biopsies. Across all subtypes, estimated sensitivity was 86.4 % (CI:76.1–96.7). There was significant heterogeneity among disease subtypes (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), Mantle Cell (MCL) and Diffuse Large B Cell (DLBCL) lymphoma exhibited highest sensitivities at 97.8 % (CI:94.2–99.1), 97.0 % (CI:92.2–98.9), and 94.5 % (CI:91.44–96.5), respectively. Low Grade B Cell not otherwise specified, Natural Killer/T cell, and Angioimmunoblastic Lymphomas demonstrated lowest sensitivities at 71.0 % (CI:44.5–88.2), 75.4 % (CI:23.0–96.9), and 77.1 % (CI:54.2–90.5), respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CNB is highly sensitive in the diagnosis of some lymphoma subtypes, particularly MCL, DLBCL and CLL. Knowledge of CNB performance relative to each subtype can aid in clinical decision making, as it pertains to treatment and the need for excisional biopsy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}