Current Problems in Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Breast cancer neoadjuvant therapy outcome prediction based on clinical patient and tumor features: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Eva Brenner ,&nbsp;Luka Bulić ,&nbsp;Marija Milković-Periša","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease in the female population and one of the most common diseases in developed countries. Many factors which may impact the development and outcome of this complex disease have been investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze factors that affect neoadjuvant therapy outcomes and create an outcome prediction model based on these factors.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Patient data was collected from all patients who underwent breast cancer neoadjuvant therapy at our clinical center from 2018 to 2022. Statistical analysis entailed the identification of patient and tumor features that are significantly associated with RCB index values, using Spearman’s correlation coefficient, the Mann-Whitney U-test, and the one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. Significant features were selected and used for the training of a machine-learning model based on the random forest algorithm.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Regarding patient features, age, BMI, and previous history of malignant disease were found significantly associated with the RCB index. Significant tumor features included focality, nuclear grade, immunophenotype, positivity for estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and HER-2, Ki-67 value, and presence of lymphovascular invasion. Based on these features, a predictive model was created with an accuracy of 80 % and ROC-AUC value of 0.83.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The discovered significant features are mostly in line with the published literature. While our predictive model yielded promising results, its training was limited by the number of patients and availability of data. Further research and the creation of more accurate predictive models might facilitate further personalization and improvement of breast cancer neoadjuvant treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information for Readers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0147-0272(25)00039-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0147-0272(25)00039-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Title Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0147-0272(25)00038-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0147-0272(25)00038-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dosing immune-checkpoint inhibitors: Opportunities for the future","authors":"Won Jin Jeon ,&nbsp;So Young Son ,&nbsp;Faith Abodunrin ,&nbsp;Anisha Khanna ,&nbsp;Jyoti D Patel ,&nbsp;Rajat Thawani","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With recent breakthroughs in immunotherapy, particularly with the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors for various cancer indications, patients now have a wider array of treatment options, even for those with metastatic disease. Still, the survival benefit of immune-checkpoint inhibitors is modest, and there is concern about drug toxicity. In addition, there is ongoing exploration into combination therapy involving immune-checkpoint inhibitors, which come at the risk of increased toxicity. Unfortunately, due to the cost of the currently approved doses and dosing intervals, many patients in the community in the United States and low- and middle-income countries lack access to these transformative therapies. Further, the observation of resistance to immune-checkpoint inhibitors and limitations of currently approved doses and dosing intervals warrants changes in current practice. This review paper discusses both model-based and clinical studies in the current literature. Strategies for improving access to immune-checkpoint inhibitors and expanding their utilization, including weight-based dosing instead of fixed dosing, dose and dose interval adjustments, development of biomarkers and scoring systems for personalization of immune-checkpoint inhibitors, and alternative trial design, are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen section in endometrial cancer: Correlation with final histopathology","authors":"Dipak Limbachiya,&nbsp;Ayush Heda,&nbsp;Mahan Gowda","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Accurate intraoperative assessment of tumor characteristics for endometrial cancer, including histological type, grade, and depth of myometrial invasion (MI), is essential for determining the extent of surgery, particularly lymphadenectomy. This study aims to evaluate the concordance between intra-operative frozen section analysis (IFS) and final histopathology (FH) in endometrial cancer cases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective analysis included 100 patients who underwent laparoscopic staging surgery for endometrial carcinoma between March 2018 and September 2024. Data on histological type, tumor grade, MI, lymph node involvement, and cervical/adnexal metastases were extracted from medical records. The diagnostic accuracy of IFS was assessed by comparing findings with FH. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Cohen's kappa (κ) statistics were used to determine agreement levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>IFS demonstrated high concordance with FH for malignancy detection (97%, κ = 0.56). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 96.9%, 100%, 100%, and 40%, respectively. Tumor grading agreement was 78.2% (κ = 0.67), with the highest accuracy in Grade 3 tumors (sensitivity 85.0%, specificity 98.3%). MI assessment showed strong agreement (κ = 0.851) with 93.7% overall accuracy. Lymph node evaluation by IFS exhibited excellent agreement (κ = 0.942), with 98.3% accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>IFS is a reliable tool for intraoperative decision-making in endometrial cancer, particularly for malignancy detection, MI assessment, and lymph node evaluation. However, moderate concordance in tumor grading suggests caution in surgical decision-making based solely on IFS results. Future research should focus on optimizing frozen section protocols to improve diagnostic accuracy and streamline intraoperative management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"hsa_circ_0008285: Circular RNA with potential as a biomarker in ovarian cancer","authors":"Khadijeh Elmizadeh ,&nbsp;Ensiyeh Bahadoran ,&nbsp;Zahra Mortezaei ,&nbsp;Sahar Moghbelinejad","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid biopsy has emerged as a non-invasive cancer diagnosis and prognosis tool. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have become promising biomarkers due to their stability and regulatory roles in cancer biology. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of hsa_circ_0008285 as a diagnostic biomarker for ovarian cancer (OC). 102 paired cancer and adjacent normal tissue samples, along with plasma from 98 OC patients, 42 polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) patients, 35 endometriosis patients, and 93 healthy donors, were analyzed. Differentially expressed circRNAs were identified using Illumina HiSeq 2000 high-throughput sequencing in OC tissue samples (<em>n</em> = 4). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to validate the expression of hsa_circ_0008285. Diagnostic efficacy and sensitivity were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. High-throughput sequencing identified hsa_circ_0008285 as the most significantly upregulated circRNA (<em>P</em> = 0.000012). qRT-PCR results confirmed increased expression of hsa_circ_0008285 in OC tissues and plasma compared to healthy controls (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). ROC analysis demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74 (95 % CI: 0.6567–0.8306, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), indicating moderate diagnostic potential. Notably, the combined detection of hsa_circ_0008285 and CA_125 improved diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. Correlation analysis revealed that hsa_circ_0008285 upregulation was associated with tumor size, differentiation, and T stage. These findings suggest that hsa_circ_0008285 holds promise as a non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of OC, with potential applications in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replication stress response and radioresistance in lung cancer: Mechanistic insights and advanced therapeutic approaches","authors":"Moumita Kundu ,&nbsp;Ankita Dey ,&nbsp;Sanjukta Dasgupta","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer mortality globally, comprises mainly non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Its pathogenesis involves genetic mutations, environmental exposures, chronic inflammation, and tumor microenvironment interactions. Critical genes like <em>TP53, RB1, KRAS</em>, and <em>EGFR</em> often mutate, driving uncontrolled cell growth. Radiation therapy, a primary treatment, faces challenges with radioresistance due to DNA repair mechanisms and replication stress responses. Emerging therapeutic strategies target DNA repair pathways, cell cycle checkpoints, and immune responses to enhance radiosensitivity and counteract resistance. Promising approaches include PARP inhibitors, CDK inhibitors, EGFR blockers, and immunotherapies combined with radiation. Advances in understanding these mechanisms are crucial for developing targeted therapies to improve lung cancer patient outcomes. The present review focuses on elucidating the intricate mechanisms of lung cancer pathogenesis and radioresistance, while highlighting novel therapeutic strategies designed to overcome these challenges and improve treatment efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updated perspectives on visceral pleural invasion in non-small cell lung cancer: A propensity score-matched analysis of the SEER database","authors":"Jingxin Liu ,&nbsp;Yibing Wang ,&nbsp;Xianwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Meijin Reng ,&nbsp;Ziyue Xiang ,&nbsp;Ruimin Chang ,&nbsp;Wen Hao ,&nbsp;Xitai Sun ,&nbsp;Yang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Visceral pleural invasion (VPI), including PL1 (the tumor invades beyond the elastic layer) and PL2 (the tumor extends to the surface of the visceral pleura), plays a crucial role in staging Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). However, there is a growing debate concerning the prognostic significance of PL1 and PL2. This study, therefore, conducted the analysis of the prognostic differences between PL1 and PL2 to inform more precise staging and treatment strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Altogether, 12,223 resected T1-3N0M0 NSCLC patients from 2010 to 2015 were enrolled. Utilizing propensity score matching (PSM) and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, this study explored the prognosis of patients under different settings of VPI and the impact of various treatments. Finally, a machine learning model was constructed to accurately predict the 5-year survival probability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For tumors ≤ 50 mm, PL1 did not confer a survival disadvantage compared to PL0 (the tumor within the elastic layer of the visceral pleura), whereas PL2 did. Notably, patients with tumor sizes 31–50 mm and PL2 have a similar poor prognosis to patients with tumor sizes of 51–70 mm and PL0. Further survival analysis showed that lobectomy offered better outcomes than sublobectomy. Moreover, patients in this study did not benefit from postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy. A model with high efficacy in predicting the 5-year survival probability was developed eventually.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These data support the viewpoint that staging patients with tumor ≤ 30 mm and PL1 as T1. Those with 31–50 mm tumors and PL2, exhibiting a similar poor prognosis to patients with T3 and PL0, warrant a T3 classification. Apart from optimizing the TNM staging system, machine learning could also play a significant role in prognostic prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of atezolizumab, bevacizumab, carboplatin, and paclitaxel for epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer after tyrosine kinase inhibitor failure","authors":"Yoh Yamaguchi ,&nbsp;Yuki Shinno ,&nbsp;Ken Masuda ,&nbsp;Ryo Ariyasu ,&nbsp;Kaname Nosaki ,&nbsp;Taiki Hakozaki ,&nbsp;Takaaki Tokito ,&nbsp;Shogo Nomura ,&nbsp;Makoto Nishio ,&nbsp;Koichi Goto ,&nbsp;Yukio Hosomi ,&nbsp;Koichi Azuma ,&nbsp;Yuichiro Ohe","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with driver mutations, notably epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase, shows reduced sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors. A subgroup analysis of the IMpower150 data on patients resistant to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) before enrollment demonstrated prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) with atezolizumab, bevacizumab, carboplatin, and paclitaxel (ABCP) over bevacizumab, carboplatin, and paclitaxel. However, due to the exploratory nature and small sample size, the efficacy of ABCP post-EGFR-TKI failure is still debated. We evaluated ABCP therapy against other platinum-based regimens without immune checkpoint inhibitors in terms of effectiveness and toxicity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC harboring EGFR-sensitizing mutations treated with platinum-based chemotherapy or ABCP at five Japanese hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. Propensity score matching compared efficacy outcomes, including overall response rate (ORR), PFS, and OS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 183 EGFR mutation carriers, 33 underwent ABCP therapy, while 150 received platinum-based chemotherapy. Following propensity score matching, 32 and 74 patients were analyzed. In the ABCP group, median PFS and OS were 6.8 and 16.7 months compared to 5.8 and 25.7 months with platinum-based chemotherapy, showing no significant differences in PFS (<em>p =</em> 0.46) and OS (<em>p =</em> 0.85). In liver metastases, ABCP yielded a median PFS of 9.9 versus 6.1 months and an ORR of 62.5 % versus 35.7 % relative to platinum-based chemotherapy, without statistical significance (PFS <em>p</em> = 0.16; ORR <em>p =</em> 0.70).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Compared with platinum-based chemotherapy, ABCP did not improve effectiveness in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC after EGFR-TKI failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of triplet versus doublet regimens in patients with multiple myeloma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Zilu Meng ,&nbsp;Hanxue Zheng ,&nbsp;Yanhong Li ,&nbsp;Jun Bai ,&nbsp;Liansheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Lijuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The efficacy and safety of various therapies for multiple myeloma (MM) remain a subject of ongoing debate, with inconsistent findings. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of triplet versus doublet regimens in the management of MM. This study followed the guidelines delineated in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 statement, with our protocol duly registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024527903).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An exhaustive literature search was performed across four databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, from their commencement to March 5, 2024. Data on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), adverse events (AEs), and grade ≥ 3 AEs were synthesized using either random-effects or fixed-effects models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This analysis considered 29 studies, which cover approximately 11,230 MM patients in total. Triplet regimens were found to yield better PFS and OS for MM patients as compared to the doublet regimens. Although the incidence of serious AEs was higher under the triplet regimens, with pooled RRs of grade ≥ 3 AEs reaching 1.13. Besides, subgroup analysis demonstrated that patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) tended to have better PFS and OS under triple therapy, in contrast to newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) and older adults, who experienced little to no significant impact.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Triplet regimens demonstrate superior PFS and OS compared to doublet regimens in MM patients, but also have a higher likelihood of causing AEs of grade 3 or 4.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}