Nadine Mallak , Burcak Yilmaz , Catherine Meyer , Celeste Winters , Anna Mench , Abhinav K. Jha , Vikas Prasad , Erik Mittra
{"title":"Theranostics in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Updates and Emerging Technologies","authors":"Nadine Mallak , Burcak Yilmaz , Catherine Meyer , Celeste Winters , Anna Mench , Abhinav K. Jha , Vikas Prasad , Erik Mittra","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Advancements in somatostatin receptor (SSTR) targeted imaging and treatment of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have revolutionized the management of these tumors. This comprehensive review delves into the current practice, discussing the use of the various FDA-approved SSTR-agonist PET tracers and the predictive imaging biomarkers, and elaborating on Lu177-DOTATATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) including the evolving areas of post-therapy imaging practices, PRRT retreatment, and the potential role of dosimetry in optimizing patient treatments. The future directions sections highlight ongoing research on investigational PET imaging radiotracers, future prospects in alpha particle therapy, and combination therapy strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Management of functional neuroendocrine tumors","authors":"Amr Wahba , Zi Tan , Joseph S. Dillon","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Functional neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are those associated with specific symptoms related to the hormonal secretion of the NENs. Although less than 25 % of NENs are functional at diagnosis,<span><span><sup>1</sup></span></span> the associated syndromes significantly increase the patient burden of disease. Management of hormonal NEN symptoms may involve tumor resection or other reduction strategies (e.g., chemotherapy, embolotherapy, etc), but also specific therapies directed at decreasing hormonal synthesis, secretion, or end-organ effects. In this review, we focus on specific symptomatic management of many of the NEN syndromes, which may be pursued in addition to management primarily directed at tumor bulk and growth. A continued focus on symptom management related to the hormonal secretions of NENs, in the context of other efforts to reduce tumor bulk and growth, could significantly improve patient wellbeing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah S. McMurry , Jaydira Del Rivero , Emerson Y. Chen , Adel Kardosh , Charles D. Lopez , Guillaume J. Pegna
{"title":"Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Epigenetic landscape and clinical implications","authors":"Hannah S. McMurry , Jaydira Del Rivero , Emerson Y. Chen , Adel Kardosh , Charles D. Lopez , Guillaume J. Pegna","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a rare, heterogenous group of neoplasms arising from cells of the neuroendocrine system. Amongst solid tumor malignancies, NETs are notable for overall genetic stability and recent data supports the notion that epigenetic changes may drive NET pathogenesis. In this review, major epigenetic mechanisms of NET pathogenesis are reviewed, including changes in DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and microRNA. Prognostic implications of the above are discussed, as well as the expanding diagnostic utility of epigenetic markers in NETs. Lastly, preclinical and clinical evaluations of epigenetically targeted therapies in NETs and are reviewed, with a focus on future directions in therapeutic advancement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Management of carcinoid heart disease","authors":"Madelaine Hack , Castigliano M Bhamidipati","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carcinoid Heart Disease (CaHD) is defined as the constellation of all cardiac manifestations that occur in patients with carcinoid tumors. Cardiac manifestations are generally due to the paraneoplastic effects of vasoactive substances secreted by carcinoid tumors. These primarily cause cardiac valve dysfunction and resultant heart failure. Successful management of patients with CaHD requires a multidisciplinary team to address both the classical manifestations of carcinoid syndrome, as well as the additional manifestations of cardiac dysfunction. While the cornerstone of medical management for carcinoid syndrome are somatostatin analogs (SSAs), there is no evidence to suggest that the usage of SSAs influences the development or progression of CaHD. Additionally, while liver-directed therapies provide a survival benefit to symptomatic carcinoid syndrome patients with resectable disease, there are conflicting data on the survival benefit of hepatic resection among patients with CaHD. Cardiac surgery in patients with CaHD is a complex undertaking, and is the only definitive treatment for symptom management in CaHD with significant survival benefit for patients in advanced disease states. Two crucial surgical decisions to be made are determining which valve(s) should be replaced, and what prosthetic should be utilized. While challenging in this often medically frail population, cardiac surgery confers a survival benefit and should be pursued in cases of symptomatic CaHD or progressive right ventricular dysfunction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 101128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Information for Readers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0147-0272(24)00063-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0147-0272(24)00063-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141979411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Management of metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: when and what","authors":"Vineeth Sukrithan , Kimberly Perez , Neeta Pandit-Taskar , Camilo Jimenez","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, the treatment landscape for metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (MPPGL) has seen both progress and setbacks. We provide an up-to-date review of the multimodality management of MPPGL and discuss novel opportunities and current challenges in the treatment landscape. Given the unique clinical presentation of MPPGL, we discuss the management of hormone-related clinical sequelae and traditional modalities of therapy. Advances in the understanding of the molecular biology of these diverse tumors have enabled novel strategies such as augmenting DNA damage by targeted delivery of radionuclides such as <sup>131</sup>I and <sup>177</sup>Lu, abrogating tumor angiogenesis, hypoxia resistance, and DNA damage repair. Despite progress, we address the significant challenges still faced by patients and researchers engaged in efforts to improve outcomes in these rare cancers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147027224000576/pdfft?md5=cc5b1245bfeaadc2862177d2b43c4d5d&pid=1-s2.0-S0147027224000576-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141638532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peng Liu , Chaowen Shi , Lipeng Qiu , Dongsheng Shang , Ziwen Lu , Zhigang Tu , Hanqing Liu
{"title":"Menin signaling and therapeutic targeting in breast cancer","authors":"Peng Liu , Chaowen Shi , Lipeng Qiu , Dongsheng Shang , Ziwen Lu , Zhigang Tu , Hanqing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To date, mounting evidence have shown that patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) may face an increased risk for breast carcinogenesis. The product of the <em>MEN</em>1 gene, menin, was also indicated to be an important regulator in breast cancer signaling network. Menin directly interacts with MLL, EZH2, JunD, NF-κB, PPARγ, VDR, Smad3, β-catenin and ERα to modulate gene transcriptions leading to cell proliferation inhibition. Moreover, interaction of menin-FANCD2 contributes to the enhancement of BRCA1-mediated DNA repair mechanism. Ectopic expression of menin causes Bax-, Bak- and Caspase-8-dependent apoptosis. However, despite numbers of menin inhibitors were exploited in other cancers, data on the usage of menin inhibitors in breast cancer treatment remain limited. In this review, we focused on the menin associated signaling pathways and gene transcription regulations, with the aim of elucidating its molecular mechanisms and of guiding the development of novel menin targeted drugs in breast cancer therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141538970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Capivasertib in Hormone Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative advanced breast cancer","authors":"Zaheer Qureshi , Faryal Altaf , Mikail Khanzada , Zaofashan Zaheer , Eeshal Fatima , Muhammad Bakhtiar","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This review discusses the role and efficacy of Capivasertib in managing Hormone Receptor-Positive (HR+) breast cancer.</p></div><div><h3>Summary</h3><p>Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women worldwide. This article is an in-depth analysis of advanced therapeutic options involving Capivasertib in treating HR+ Breast Cancer. It focuses on the mode of action, efficacy, clinical trials, and comparison with fulvestrant alone. This review also highlights the therapy's precision in targeting specific cancer cells. Its mechanism of action involves preventing cancer cells from growing and having a cytotoxic effect on them. It improves progression-free survival while maintaining the quality of life. The side effects can be easily managed by dose reduction or discontinuation of the drug. This article sheds light on the ongoing trials and FDA recognition.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In conclusion, Capivasertib-fulvestrant therapy shows potential as an innovative therapeutic option for HR+ breast cancer but warrants additional research, especially in randomized control trials (RCT). It resulted in longer progression-free survival compared to fulvestrant alone. Its side effect profile is minimal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}