{"title":"Genomic findings and their implications for the evolutionary social sciences","authors":"Brendan P. Zietsch","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.106596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.106596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>What past selection pressures have shaped human traits and their variation and covariation across individuals? These are key questions in the evolutionary social sciences. Recent advances in the field of human genomics have yielded a wealth of evidence that sheds light on these questions, yet the findings and their implications seem to be little known in the evolutionary social sciences. In this paper I aim to bring together these findings while explaining the conceptual and technical background that is often assumed knowledge for reading the primary reports. First, I outline the genomics methodologies that have enabled the relevant findings, such as genomewide association studies and DNA-based heritability estimation. I describe how these methodologies reveal the genetic architecture of traits, and then how this information in turn enables inferences about past selection. The findings show pervasive evidence that the genetic architecture of complex traits has been shaped by negative (purifying) selection, implying that the extant genetic variation in the traits has been maintained by mutation-selection-drift balance. On the other hand, there is no evidence that balancing selection has substantively shaped complex traits, and strong evidence that it has not. Finally, I discuss the implications of these findings for issues such as the dimensional structure of personality variation and the plausibility of psychological life history theory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":"45 4","pages":"Article 106596"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513824000722/pdfft?md5=645cc54ab3f014e3bc9ba1f3bac18fee&pid=1-s2.0-S1090513824000722-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141480991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Vilalta , Edel Cadena , Carlos Garrocho , Gustavo Fondevila
{"title":"Beyond the immediate effects of income inequality on homicide rates: A reply to Daly's critique","authors":"Carlos Vilalta , Edel Cadena , Carlos Garrocho , Gustavo Fondevila","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.106597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.106597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study responds to Martin Daly's critique of our 2022 study on the correlation between income inequality and homicide rates in Mexican municipalities. Our updated analysis incorporates both immediate and lagged effects of income inequality, revealing significant non-linear relationships between past inequality and current homicide rates. We find that higher levels of past inequality interact with present inequality to increase homicide rates, particularly among currently average and highly unequal municipalities –not so much in less unequal municipalities. These findings support Daly's argument that economic inequality's influence on violent behavior accumulates over time, highlighting the need for a time dimension in homicide rate models. Our study emphasizes the importance of considering historical economic conditions when addressing socio-economic determinants of homicide, aiming to contribute constructively to ongoing attempts to effectively reduce homicidal violence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":"45 4","pages":"Article 106597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141480993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maija-Eliina Sequeira , Narges Afshordi , Anni Kajanus
{"title":"Prestige and dominance in egalitarian and hierarchical societies: Children in Finland favor prestige more than children in Colombia or the USA","authors":"Maija-Eliina Sequeira , Narges Afshordi , Anni Kajanus","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examined how children reason about dominance and prestige in Colombia, Finland, and the USA, contexts that vary in terms of societal inequality and hierarchical organization. We tested 496 children aged 4–11 years old to determine whether they: i) recognized and discriminated between dominance and prestige, ii) preferred to learn from a dominant or prestigious character, iii) assigned leadership to a dominant or prestigious character, and iv) self-identified more with a dominant or subordinate character. Older children were more likely to recognize, prefer, learn from, and assign leadership to the prestigious character, and to identify with the subordinate. There were no cross-cultural differences in learning preferences, supporting evolutionary theories that posit a universal bias towards social learning from prestigious individuals. There was variation in leadership preferences; children were the most likely to assign leadership to a prestigious character in more egalitarian Finland, and least likely in more unequal Colombia. We argue that societal factors including levels of inequality and hierarchical social organization shape an underlying propensity for children to learn to reason about rank and to broadly favor prestige in leaders and models for learning from.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":"45 4","pages":"Article 106591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513824000679/pdfft?md5=4bf084df9e4709d3f8c1a4f77125e9dc&pid=1-s2.0-S1090513824000679-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141480990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cash, crowds, and cooperation: The effects of population density and resource scarcity on cooperation in the dictator game","authors":"Lynn K.L. Tan, Norman P. Li, Kenneth Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.04.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The adaptive benefits of cooperation among humans have been widely studied. However, is being cooperative always adaptive across various combinations of ecological conditions? Existing work has focused on cultural, inter-, and intra-individual predictors of cooperation yet there is a lack of research on how an individual's ecology may come into play. In this work, we focus on the interaction of two ecological factors—population density and resource scarcity—on cooperation. Population density is often accompanied by social competition for limited resources. We hypothesise that in response to cues of high (versus low) population density, people facing resource-scarcity would adaptively lower their cooperativeness, more so than those with resource abundance. Results from two studies support our hypothesis—population density lowers cooperation, but only for people who perceive lower resources or social status. Our findings provide insights that cooperation varies adaptively as a function of interacting ecological factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":"45 4","pages":"Article 106581"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141480994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vivek V. Venkataraman , Jordie Hoffman , Kyle Farquharson , Helen Elizabeth Davis , Edward H. Hagen , Raymond B. Hames , Barry S. Hewlett , Luke Glowacki , Haneul Jang , Robert Kelly , Karen Kramer , Sheina Lew-Levy , Katie Starkweather , Kristen Syme , Duncan N.E. Stibbard-Hawkes
{"title":"Female foragers sometimes hunt, yet gendered divisions of labor are real: a comment on Anderson et al. (2023) The Myth of Man the Hunter","authors":"Vivek V. Venkataraman , Jordie Hoffman , Kyle Farquharson , Helen Elizabeth Davis , Edward H. Hagen , Raymond B. Hames , Barry S. Hewlett , Luke Glowacki , Haneul Jang , Robert Kelly , Karen Kramer , Sheina Lew-Levy , Katie Starkweather , Kristen Syme , Duncan N.E. Stibbard-Hawkes","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.04.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.04.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gendered divisions of labor are a feature of every known contemporary hunter-gatherer (forager) society. While gender roles are certainly flexible, and prominent and well-studied cases of female hunting do exist, it is more often men who hunt. A new study (<span>Anderson et al., 2023</span>) surveyed ethnographically known foragers and found that women hunt in 79% of foraging societies, with big-game hunting occurring in 33%. Based on this single type of labor, which is one among dozens performed in foraging societies, the authors question the existence of gendered division of labor altogether. As a diverse group of hunter-gatherer experts, we find that claims that foraging societies lack or have weak gendered divisions of labor are contradicted by empirical evidence. We conducted an in-depth examination of the data and methods of <span>Anderson et al. (2023)</span>, finding evidence of sample selection bias and numerous coding errors undermining the paper's conclusions. <span>Anderson et al. (2023)</span> have started a useful dialogue to ameliorate the potential misconception that women never hunt. However, their analysis does not contradict the wide body of empirical evidence for gendered divisions of labor in foraging societies. Furthermore, a myopic focus on hunting diminishes the value of contributions that take different forms and downplays the trade-offs foragers of both sexes routinely face. We caution against ethnographic revisionism that projects Westernized conceptions of labor and its value onto foraging societies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":"45 4","pages":"Article 106586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141030576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adar B. Eisenbruch , Kristopher M. Smith , Clifford I. Workman , Christopher von Rueden , Coren L. Apicella
{"title":"US adults accurately assess Hadza and Tsimane men's hunting ability from a single face photograph","authors":"Adar B. Eisenbruch , Kristopher M. Smith , Clifford I. Workman , Christopher von Rueden , Coren L. Apicella","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.106598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.106598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trait inferences from faces are pervasive, but sometimes misleading. Past research indicates Americans infer hunting and gathering ability from others' faces, but the accuracy of these perceptions remains unknown. In three studies, we test whether Americans can accurately perceive foraging ability from faces. We used three datasets from two traditional subsistence societies (the Hadza and the Tsimane) in which individuals were photographed and evaluated by their peers on their ability to hunt or gather effectively (<em>N</em> = 175). US MTurkers (<em>N</em> = 579) then evaluated the photos for foraging ability. We found that MTurkers' perceptions of men consistently tracked peer-evaluated hunting ability (overall <em>r</em> = 0.25), suggesting that naïve perceptions of men's productivity from a face photo alone reflect actual hunting ability. MTurkers' perceptions of women's productivity inversely correlated with their peer-evaluated gathering ability, however. We discuss potential mechanisms and implications for research on social perception.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":"45 4","pages":"Article 106598"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141480992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ricardo Godoy , Tomás Huanca , William R. Leonard , Thomas McDade , Victoria Reyes-García , Asher Y. Rosinger , Susan Tanner
{"title":"Adult knowledge of wild plants associated with limited delayed health and nutritional benefits for children or adults in the face of external change: A yearly panel (2003−2010) study among Tsimane’, an indigenous Amazonian society in Bolivia","authors":"Ricardo Godoy , Tomás Huanca , William R. Leonard , Thomas McDade , Victoria Reyes-García , Asher Y. Rosinger , Susan Tanner","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.106594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.106594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cross-sectional studies suggest that local ecological knowledge (LEK) helps humans cope with their environment. Among the forms of LEK, adult knowledge of wild plants has been associated with better child and adult health. We assess if the concurrent links between i) LEK and ii) health and nutritional status last and examine if LEK yields delayed benefits when societies face large socioeconomic and environmental changes. We use a yearly panel (2002−2010) from Tsimane’, an Indigenous Amazonian society (Bolivia). All adults (∼440) and children (∼300) measured at baseline (2003) in 13 villages were followed yearly during 2004–2010 to estimate associations between a) baseline adult knowledge and skill about uses of wild plants and b) subsequent (2004–2010) anthropometric markers of nutritional status of themselves and the children (2y ≤ age ≤ 10y) living in the household at baseline. Among children, HAZ, BMI, and sum of four skinfolds were measured; among adults, BMI, sum of four skinfolds, and percent body fat with bioelectrical impedance were measured. Some skill losses increased by a large amount the likelihood of severe childhood stunting (HAZ < -3) for girls; the complete loss of these skills increased the share of severely stunted girls from 5% to 13%–20%. These are big numbers. The effects of LEK on other anthropometric indicators of children or adults were small. For example, if all adults in a household lost all their ethnobotanical knowledge, children's and women's BMI would decrease by only 3% and 11%, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":"45 5","pages":"Article 106594"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513824000709/pdfft?md5=a696e41f117ecaf6044cc34f2ed607ee&pid=1-s2.0-S1090513824000709-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141689810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandra Cassar , Patricia H. Schneider , Chukwuemeka Ugwu
{"title":"Maternal depression as catalyst for cooperation: evidence from Uganda","authors":"Alessandra Cassar , Patricia H. Schneider , Chukwuemeka Ugwu","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the hypothesis that perinatal depression could function as a catalyst for a mother to elicit cooperation from others in times of need (Hagen, 2002). We analyze data on social support and depression from 292 women in Uganda around the time of giving birth and find that a perceived lack of support, especially from the baby's father, is linked to a higher risk of depression in the mother. Moreover, we employ a quasi-experimental strategy to analyze the lesser-studied direction of the causality and estimate the effect of perinatal depression on different types of support (instrumental, informational, emotional, economic) a mother receives from kin, affines, and unrelated individuals. The results indicate that mothers at the threshold of depression obtain increased help from several individuals, especially the baby's father. Others who show a positive reaction include the woman's mother (maternal grandmother), father (maternal grandfather), and, to a minor extent, father-in-law (paternal grandfather), and cousins. Unrelated but physically close individuals (neighbors and friends) generally provide substantial help but do not react at the depression threshold. Overall, our findings provide some evidence in favor of the bargaining hypothesis for maternal depression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":"45 4","pages":"Article 106575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513824000382/pdfft?md5=0b399cf964028f34f01040e9a6948d3c&pid=1-s2.0-S1090513824000382-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141023190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolyn R. Hodges-Simeon , Graham Albert , Timothy McHale , Steven J.C. Gaulin , Michael Gurven , Nick Landry , Jessica K. Hlay , Nicole Merullo , David A. Puts , Steven A. Arnocky
{"title":"Masculine voice is associated with better mucosal immune defense in adolescent and adult males","authors":"Carolyn R. Hodges-Simeon , Graham Albert , Timothy McHale , Steven J.C. Gaulin , Michael Gurven , Nick Landry , Jessica K. Hlay , Nicole Merullo , David A. Puts , Steven A. Arnocky","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis (ICHH) contends that testosterone-dependent, masculine traits are honest signals of the bearer's ability to withstand immunosuppression, yet empirical studies testing the ICHH have produced mixed results. The present research addressed the relationship between masculine vocal parameters and immunity in two samples: young adult men from the US and Canada (<em>N</em> = 267) and adolescent males from Bolivia (<em>N</em> = 44). All participants provided saliva samples, assayed for a biomarker of mucosal immunity associated with respiratory disease resistance: secretory immunoglobulin-A (sIgA). Participants also contributed speech samples, analyzed for two sexually dimorphic aspects of the human voice: 1) fundamental frequency (<em>f</em><sub>o</sub>; perceived as pitch) and vocal tract length (VTL; estimated using formant frequencies). Multiple regression models were used to assess the association between masculine vocal parameters and sIgA. Results indicated that lower <em>f</em><sub>o</sub> and longer VTL were associated with higher sIgA levels. That is, both adult and adolescent males with more masculine voices showed better mucosal immunity (and therefore disease resistance) than those with less masculine voices. Although this accords with several previous studies on voice and sIgA, it contrasts with standard ICHH-derived predictions. We suggest that life-history theory provides a better conceptual framework for understanding the association between testosterone-dependent secondary sexual characteristics and immunity as it shifts the focus from immunosuppression to efficient immunoredistribution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":"45 4","pages":"Article 106590"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141480989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angarika Deb , Daniel Saunders , Daniel Major-Smith , Mark Dyble , Abigail E. Page , Gul Deniz Salali , Andrea B. Migliano , Christophe Heintz , Nikhil Chaudhary
{"title":"Bargaining between the sexes: outside options and leisure time in hunter-gatherer households","authors":"Angarika Deb , Daniel Saunders , Daniel Major-Smith , Mark Dyble , Abigail E. Page , Gul Deniz Salali , Andrea B. Migliano , Christophe Heintz , Nikhil Chaudhary","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We discuss gendered division of labour in nuclear households as a bargaining problem, where male and female partners bargain over labour inputs and resulting leisure time. We hypothesize that outside options - an individual's fallback options for welfare outside their household, such as kin support - affects this bargaining process, providing those with greater outside options more leverage to bargain for leisure time. In two hunter-gatherer populations, the BaYaka and Agta, we take social capital as the determinant of outside options, using a generative model of the Nash bargaining problem and Bayesian multilevel logistic regression to test our hypothesis. We find no evidence for an association between social capital and division of leisure in either population. Instead, we find remarkable equality in the division of leisure time within households. We suggest the potential role of sex-egalitarian norms, non-substitutability of subsistence labour, bilocality and behaviours which maintain gender equality in immediate-return hunter-gatherers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":"45 4","pages":"Article 106589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513824000527/pdfft?md5=af7dadf048a69795bbe67b9c48920615&pid=1-s2.0-S1090513824000527-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141480995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}