Evolution and Human Behavior最新文献_第10页

Punitive justice serves to restore reciprocal cooperation in three small-scale societies 惩罚性司法有助于在三个小规模社会中恢复互惠合作

IF 5.1 1区心理学

Evolution and Human Behavior Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.03.001

Léo Fitouchi , Manvir Singh

{"title":"Punitive justice serves to restore reciprocal cooperation in three small-scale societies","authors":"Léo Fitouchi , Manvir Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fines, corporal punishments<span>, and other procedures of punitive justice<span> recur across small-scale societies. Although they are often assumed to enforce group norms, we here propose the relation-restoration hypothesis of punitive justice, according to which punitive procedures function to restore dyadic cooperation and curtail conflict between offender and victim following violations of reciprocal obligations. We test this hypothesis's predictions using observations of justice systems in three small-scale societies. We code ethnographic reports of 97 transgressions among Kiowa equestrian foragers (North America); analyze a sample of 302 transgressions among Mentawai horticulturalists (Indonesia); and review retributive procedures documented among Nuer pastoralists (South Sudan). Consistent with the relation-restoration hypothesis, we find that third-party punishment is rare; that most third-party involvement aims at resolving conflicts; that costs paid by offenders serve to achieve forgiveness by repairing victims; that punitive justice is accompanied by ceremonial procedures aimed at limiting conflict and restoring goodwill; and that failures to impose costs contribute to a decline in reciprocal cooperation. Although we document rare instances of third-party punishment among the Kiowa (6.6% of offenses), punitive justice more often serves as restorative justice, appeasing victims' urge for revenge while not overly harming offenders' interests to ensure reconciliation.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":"44 5","pages":"Pages 502-514"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43130156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The influence of friendship on children's fairness concerns in three societies 友谊对三个社会儿童公平问题的影响

IF 5.1 1区心理学

Evolution and Human Behavior Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.06.004

John Corbit , Katherine McAuliffe , Peter R. Blake , Felix Warneken

{"title":"The influence of friendship on children's fairness concerns in three societies","authors":"John Corbit , Katherine McAuliffe , Peter R. Blake , Felix Warneken","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Friendship is an important aspect of children's social lives. However, little is known about how it influences children's fairness behavior towards their peers. We tested (</span><em>N</em> = 183) pairs of children between 7 and 9 years of age from rural communities in India, Peru and Canada that are known to have divergent norms of fairness. Participants were paired with either a close friend or an acquaintance and could accept or reject different allocations of valuable resources. We experimentally compared children's responses to disadvantageous allocations (less for self) and advantageous allocations (more for self). Results showed that across the three societies children were more likely to reject disadvantageous allocations when they were paired with a friend relative to an acquaintance. When they stood to gain a relative advantage, children in Canada and to some extent Peru were more likely to reject advantageous allocations with friends, yet children in India rejected these offers rarely regardless of who they were paired with. These findings suggest that friendship may shape the expression of fairness concerns in young children, though its influence varies across societies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":"44 5","pages":"Pages 466-473"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48226423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Social network accuracy among children and adolescents in a rural Dominican community 多明尼加乡村社区儿童及青少年的社交网络准确性

IF 5.1 1区心理学

Evolution and Human Behavior Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.06.003

Davide Ponzi , David C. Geary , Mark V. Flinn

{"title":"Social network accuracy among children and adolescents in a rural Dominican community","authors":"Davide Ponzi , David C. Geary , Mark V. Flinn","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Acquiring knowledge and understanding of social relationships<span> is a key task for the human child. Methods for studying social networks are constrained by pragmatic issues of time and informant accuracy. Here we report results from a study focused specifically on how measures of cognitive ability – fluid intelligence and working memory – are associated with children's perceptions of their social networks assessed by a consecutive pile-sort method. This focused study is part of a long-term research project on family relationships and child health in a rural Caribbean community that provides comparative ethnographic depth. Our general objective here is to better understand relations between cognition and children's understanding of their social worlds. Our secondary objective is to assess an intersection of research methodologies from ethnography and </span></span>cognitive psychology<span>. Results demonstrated that measures of children's working memory capacity, but not of fluid reasoning ability, associated positively with accurate reconstruction of their social networks--a finding with potential implications for the co-evolution of human sociality and cognitive abilities.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":"44 5","pages":"Pages 422-429"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41756538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A cost for signaling: do Hadza hunter-gatherers forgo calories to show-off in an experimental context? 发出信号的代价:在实验环境中，哈扎狩猎采集者会为了炫耀而放弃卡路里吗?

IF 5.1 1区心理学

Evolution and Human Behavior Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.10.004

Duncan N.E. Stibbard-Hawkes , Dorsa Amir , Coren L. Apicella

{"title":"A cost for signaling: do Hadza hunter-gatherers forgo calories to show-off in an experimental context?","authors":"Duncan N.E. Stibbard-Hawkes , Dorsa Amir , Coren L. Apicella","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hadza food-sharing is extremely generous and often extends to individuals outside the household. Some anthropologists have proposed that individuals, especially men, share food beyond the household in order to signal foraging skill. While correlational data have been used to both evidence and critique this hypothesis, it has less often been experimentally tested. Here, we conducted an incentivised experiment to test whether Hadza adults are indeed willing to forgo caloric resources in order to signal their foraging skills. In this study, 196 Hadza adults were given the opportunity to participate in two games - an <em>aim game</em> and a <em>search game</em><span> - designed to advertise their skill as foragers. We varied the incentive structure of both games, adjusting i) whether there was a caloric cost (i.e., honey) to play, and ii) whether success in each game was rewarded with a prize (i.e., a colored<span> bracelet), which functioned as a visible signal of skill. Although the aim game was universally popular when there was no cost to play, we found that individuals generally valued calories more than signaling opportunities and were unwilling to forgo caloric resources to continue participation in either game. In line with signaling theory, we did observe age and gender difference in willingness to wager calories for signaling opportunities. Men were more likely than women to forgo calories in order to participate. Younger people (<37), especially younger men, were also more likely to forgo calories to play than older people.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":"44 5","pages":"Pages 398-410"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46335053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Decision-making under climate shocks and economic insecurity: Ranching in rural Baja California Sur, Mexico 气候冲击和经济不安全下的决策:墨西哥下加利福尼亚南部农村的牧场

IF 5.1 1区心理学

Evolution and Human Behavior Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.07.001

Shane J. Macfarlan , Ryan Schacht , Weston C. McCool , Connor Davis , Anahi Yerman , Francisco Javier Higuera Landeros , Maximo Amador Amador

{"title":"Decision-making under climate shocks and economic insecurity: Ranching in rural Baja California Sur, Mexico","authors":"Shane J. Macfarlan , Ryan Schacht , Weston C. McCool , Connor Davis , Anahi Yerman , Francisco Javier Higuera Landeros , Maximo Amador Amador","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Climatic shocks and economic insecurity challenge the wellbeing<span><span> of livestock managers, globally. Scholars argue that </span>ranchers pursue different economic strategies (herd composition and uses) because of the effects of variation in </span></span>wealth on risk preferences. However, intergenerational wealth transfers and experiences of loss could also explain these outcomes. There are no tests comparing which of these interpretations more closely align with decisions ranchers employ. Accordingly, we examine how ranchers from rural Baja California Sur, Mexico adjust herd compositions and uses across varying economic (i.e. land security) and environmental conditions (i.e. drought vs non-drought years). Our results indicate 1) both socio-economic condition and intergenerational transfers are associated with herd composition – people on secure land and whose parents ranched cattle have more cattle, 2) herd composition influences consumption patterns – people focusing on goat production eat a greater percentage of their livestock relative to those with cattle regardless of ecological condition, 3) socio-economic variation influences sales and maintenance under normal ecological conditions – people living on secure land place proportionally more livestock into sales, while the land insecure focus on maintenance, and 4) experience with drought-induced livestock losses, but not land security, explains variation in how people respond to an ecological shock – those experiencing larger losses place greater effort in keeping herds alive rather than sales, suggesting they become risk averse. Our results indicate that socio-economic variability influences risk preferences under benign ecological conditions; however, these preferences are flexible in the face of economic losses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":"44 5","pages":"Pages 515-523"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44464424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Cognitive foundations for helping and harming others: Making welfare tradeoffs in industrialized and small-scale societies 帮助和伤害他人的认知基础:在工业化和小规模社会中进行福利权衡

IF 5.1 1区心理学

Evolution and Human Behavior Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.01.013

Andrew W. Delton , Adrian V. Jaeggi , Julian Lim , Daniel Sznycer , Michael Gurven , Theresa E. Robertson , Lawrence S. Sugiyama , Leda Cosmides , John Tooby

{"title":"Cognitive foundations for helping and harming others: Making welfare tradeoffs in industrialized and small-scale societies","authors":"Andrew W. Delton , Adrian V. Jaeggi , Julian Lim , Daniel Sznycer , Michael Gurven , Theresa E. Robertson , Lawrence S. Sugiyama , Leda Cosmides , John Tooby","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For many abilities, such as vision or language, our conscious experience is one of simplicity: We open our eyes and the world appears; we open our mouths and grammatical sentences tumble out. Yet these abilities rely on immensely complex, unconscious computations. Is this also true of abilities related to cooperation or competition, like deciding whether to share food or spread gossip? We tested whether decisions like these are guided by precise psychological variables, called <em>welfare tradeoff ratios</em>. Welfare tradeoff ratios summarize information about multiple sources of social value (such as whether a specific other person is kin or is generous with the self) along with information about the situation (such as what's at stake or who else is watching). We evaluated these hypothesized variables in four societies: among college students in the USA and Argentina and among two groups of Amazonian forager-horticulturalists, the Shuar of Ecuador and the Tsimane of Bolivia (<em>n</em>s = 167, 131, 73, 23). In all societies people made a series of hypothetical decisions where they had to weigh help or harm for themselves versus others. We found strong evidence that people trade off their welfare for others with consistency—a signature of decisions being guided by precise variables in the mind. We also found evidence in three of the societies that people discriminate among different categories of others in their welfare tradeoffs (e.g., friends versus acquaintances). Although most decisions about helping or harming feel simple and intuitive, they appear to be underwritten by precise computations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":"44 5","pages":"Pages 485-501"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46835931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Friendship and partner choice in rural Colombia 哥伦比亚农村地区的友谊和合作伙伴选择

IF 5.1 1区心理学

Evolution and Human Behavior Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.08.004

Daniel Redhead, Augusto Dalla Ragione, Cody T. Ross

{"title":"Friendship and partner choice in rural Colombia","authors":"Daniel Redhead, Augusto Dalla Ragione, Cody T. Ross","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Friendship is a recurring feature of human sociality. Extant evidence has highlighted several axes upon which the formation and maintenance of friendships rest, and has emphasised the importance of market-like mechanisms and preferential assortment in such dynamics. Such evidence has emerged from qualitative ethnographic descriptions, and observational or experimental case studies in relatively homogeneous samples from Western and industrialised settings. Here, we provide one of the first empirical evaluations of the structure of friendship networks in a rural subsistence setting. We collected individual-level friendship network data, and detailed economic and demographic information from individuals in four communities in rural Colombia (<em>N</em><span> = 470). We analyse these data using a combined social relations<span> and stochastic block model. Our results highlight the importance of preferential assortment on the basis of several socio-demographic traits in all study communities. The extent to which friendship and social support networks overlap appears to vary considerably across communities, with greater overlap being observed in more impoverished areas. Similarly, the extent of wealth<span> homophily was greater in more impoverished areas. Such findings suggest that variation in the axes upon which friendship rests may be affected by community-level variation in economic and demographic composition.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":"44 5","pages":"Pages 430-441"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41250171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

In need-based sharing, sharing is more important than need 在基于需求的共享中，共享比需求更重要

IF 5.1 1区心理学

Evolution and Human Behavior Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.02.010

Aaron D. Lightner , Anne C. Pisor , Edward H. Hagen

{"title":"In need-based sharing, sharing is more important than need","authors":"Aaron D. Lightner , Anne C. Pisor , Edward H. Hagen","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cooperative resource sharing is widespread across cultures, and it was likely critical during much of human evolutionary history for pooling risk. Need-based sharing specifically pools risk by following two cooperative rules: help others when asked, and only request help when in need. In a two-part study, we first expanded an agent-based model of need-based sharing partnerships, adding two types of defection and varying partnership sizes. We show that refusing to help always has a long-term cost, which increases with larger partnerships. In contrast, “greedy” requests that are not based on survival risk carry little-to-no cost. We then conducted an experimental vignette study of osotua, a need-based sharing tradition, with Tanzanian Maasai pastoralists. We found that participants generally complied with osotua requests, but shared larger amounts for requests that were based on survival risk. We conclude by proposing an expanded framework for evolutionary models involving need and fitness interdependence, where the cost asymmetry among types of defection generally favors a decision heuristic where individuals prefer sharing with those in need, but err on the side of generosity when need is uncertain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":"44 5","pages":"Pages 474-484"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49176723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

What does prey harvest composition signal to a social audience?: Experimental studies with Aché hunter-gatherers of Paraguay 猎物的收获构成向社会受众发出了什么信号?:对巴拉圭ach<s:1>狩猎采集者的实验研究

IF 5.1 1区心理学

Evolution and Human Behavior Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.10.001

Andrew P.C. Bishop , Amanda McGrosky , Benjamin C. Trumble , Michael Gurven , Kim Hill

{"title":"What does prey harvest composition signal to a social audience?: Experimental studies with Aché hunter-gatherers of Paraguay","authors":"Andrew P.C. Bishop , Amanda McGrosky , Benjamin C. Trumble , Michael Gurven , Kim Hill","doi":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In small-scale societies hunting is a high-risk, high-reward activity which impacts status and reproductive success. The question of whether men hunt to provision families or as a costly signal of their phenotypic qualities has been hotly debated in the anthropological literature. To shed new light on this question, we explored audience assessments of a hunter's phenotypic quality and desirability as a function of the composition of prey acquired by the hunter. A combination of ranking and forced-choice tasks were administered to 52 informants (46% female, aged 15–76 years) from the Aché hunter-gatherer tribe of Paraguay between May and July of 2015. Ratings of a hunter's provisioning ability, strength, fighting ability, disease resistance, and desirability as a mate or ally were all positively associated with killing large and hard-to-kill prey, and negatively associated with killing hard-to-find prey. However, killing a single large animal resulted in a worse assessment of hunter phenotype and desirability than killing an equivalent biomass of small animals. These findings highlight the potential of small prey hunting as a mechanism for advertising both quality and consistent provisioning ability. Critically, no conflict was observed between the goal of advertising quality/desirability and the goal of effective provisioning, since hunters who acquired more meat, even if the source of the meat was small game, were generally perceived as having better phenotypes and as more desirable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55159,"journal":{"name":"Evolution and Human Behavior","volume":"44 5","pages":"Pages 411-421"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43722081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Editorial overview: “Dispatches from the field: insights from studies in ecologically diverse communities: Part 1” 编辑概述:“来自野外的报道:来自生态多样性社区研究的见解:第一部分”

IF 5.1 1区心理学

Evolution and Human Behavior Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2023.09.001

Aaron W. Lukaszewski , Elizabeth G. Pillsworth

引用次数: 0