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Plasma Lactate as a Marker for Metabolic Health. 血浆乳酸作为代谢健康的标志。
IF 5.7 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000220
Nicholas T Broskey, Kai Zou, G Lynis Dohm, Joseph A Houmard
{"title":"Plasma Lactate as a Marker for Metabolic Health.","authors":"Nicholas T Broskey,&nbsp;Kai Zou,&nbsp;G Lynis Dohm,&nbsp;Joseph A Houmard","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood lactate concentrations traditionally have been used as an index of exercise intensity or clinical hyperlactatemia. However, more recent data suggest that fasting plasma lactate can also be indicative of the risk for subsequent metabolic disease. The hypothesis presented is that fasting blood lactate accumulation reflects impaired mitochondrial substrate use, which in turn influences metabolic disease risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":"48 3","pages":"119-124"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/JES.0000000000000220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37817287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Synergy between Acute Intermittent Hypoxia and Task-Specific Training. 急性间歇缺氧与特定任务训练之间的协同作用。
IF 5.7 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000222
Joseph F Welch, Tommy W Sutor, Alicia K Vose, Raphael R Perim, Emily J Fox, Gordon S Mitchell
{"title":"Synergy between Acute Intermittent Hypoxia and Task-Specific Training.","authors":"Joseph F Welch,&nbsp;Tommy W Sutor,&nbsp;Alicia K Vose,&nbsp;Raphael R Perim,&nbsp;Emily J Fox,&nbsp;Gordon S Mitchell","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) and task-specific training (TST) synergistically improve motor function after spinal cord injury; however, mechanisms underlying this synergistic relation are unknown. We propose a hypothetical working model of neural network and cellular elements to explain AIH-TST synergy. Our goal is to forecast experiments necessary to advance our understanding and optimize the neurotherapeutic potential of AIH-TST.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":"48 3","pages":"125-132"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/JES.0000000000000222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37939003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Pro-opiomelanocortin Neurons and the Transcriptional Regulation of Motivated Exercise. 促鸦片黑素皮质激素神经元与动机运动的转录调控。
IF 5.7 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000219
Deborah J Good, Haiyan Zhang, Robert W Grange, Thomas Braun
{"title":"Pro-opiomelanocortin Neurons and the Transcriptional Regulation of Motivated Exercise.","authors":"Deborah J Good,&nbsp;Haiyan Zhang,&nbsp;Robert W Grange,&nbsp;Thomas Braun","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are key sensory neurons for energy balance. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor NHLH2 is expressed in POMC neurons, and Nhlh2 knockout mice show adult-onset obesity with low exercise behavior. Evidence is presented to explore the hypothesis that NHLH2 transcriptional activity within POMC neurons is crucial for maintaining motivated spontaneous activity and enforced exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":"48 2","pages":"74-82"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/JES.0000000000000219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37734529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Occupational Activities: Factors That Tip the Balance From Bone Accrual to Bone Loss. 职业活动:从骨质积累到骨质流失的影响因素。
IF 5.7 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000217
Mary F Barbe, Steven N Popoff
{"title":"Occupational Activities: Factors That Tip the Balance From Bone Accrual to Bone Loss.","authors":"Mary F Barbe,&nbsp;Steven N Popoff","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is commonly assumed that beneficial adaptations in bone occur with vigorous exercise, yet any adaptive re/modeling in bone undergoing persistent overloading can be counteracted by superimposed inflammatory, compressive, and tensile loading-induced damage responses above thresholds of tissue fatigue failure and repair. This leads to a tenuous balance between achieving bone accrual and loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":"48 2","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/JES.0000000000000217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37596175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Small Steps in Fitness, Major Leaps in Health for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities. 健身的小步骤，智力残疾成人健康的大飞跃。
IF 5.7 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000216
Alyt Oppewal, Dederieke Maes-Festen, Thessa Irena Maria Hilgenkamp
{"title":"Small Steps in Fitness, Major Leaps in Health for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities.","authors":"Alyt Oppewal,&nbsp;Dederieke Maes-Festen,&nbsp;Thessa Irena Maria Hilgenkamp","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical fitness is positively related to health outcomes like morbidity and all-cause mortality, with minimally required cutoff values to generate those health benefits. Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) exhibit very low fitness levels well below those cutoff values. Our novel hypothesis is that even among very unfit, older adults with ID, small changes in fitness translate to major changes in health.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":"48 2","pages":"92-97"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/JES.0000000000000216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37576152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Physical Activity Reduces the Risk of Recurrence and Mortality in Cancer Patients. 体育活动降低癌症患者复发和死亡的风险。
IF 4.9 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000214
Justin C Brown, L Anne Gilmore
{"title":"Physical Activity Reduces the Risk of Recurrence and Mortality in Cancer Patients.","authors":"Justin C Brown, L Anne Gilmore","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000214","DOIUrl":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biological mechanisms through which physical activity reduces metastatic disease recurrence and mortality in cancer patients are not known. This review offers the hypothesis that physical activity reduces the risk of recurrence and mortality in cancer patients through two synergistic processes: 1) indirect (systemic) effects related to the host tumor microenvironment; and 2) direct (physical) effects on cancer cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":"48 2","pages":"67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071977/pdf/nihms-1555961.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37522011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cardiovascular Control During Exercise: The Connectivity of Skeletal Muscle Afferents to the Brain. 运动中的心血管控制:骨骼肌传入神经与大脑的连通性。
IF 5.7 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000218
André L Teixeira, Igor A Fernandes, Lauro C Vianna
{"title":"Cardiovascular Control During Exercise: The Connectivity of Skeletal Muscle Afferents to the Brain.","authors":"André L Teixeira,&nbsp;Igor A Fernandes,&nbsp;Lauro C Vianna","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The exercise pressor reflex (EPR) is engaged upon the activation of group III/IV skeletal muscle afferents and is one of the principal mediators of cardiovascular responses to exercise. This review explores the hypothesis that afferent signals from EPR communicate via GABAergic contacts within the brain stem to evoke parasympathetic withdrawal and sympathoexcitation to increase cardiac output, peripheral resistance, and blood pressure during exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":"48 2","pages":"83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/JES.0000000000000218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37594358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Improving Trip- and Slip-Resisting Skills in Older People: Perturbation Dose Matters. 提高老年人的抗绊倒和防滑能力:摄动剂量的影响。
IF 5.7 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000210
Kiros Karamanidis, Gaspar Epro, Christopher McCrum, Matthias König
{"title":"Improving Trip- and Slip-Resisting Skills in Older People: Perturbation Dose Matters.","authors":"Kiros Karamanidis,&nbsp;Gaspar Epro,&nbsp;Christopher McCrum,&nbsp;Matthias König","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging negatively affects balance recovery responses after trips and slips. We hypothesize that older people can benefit from brief treadmill-based trip and slip perturbation exposure despite reduced muscular capacities, but with neuropathology, their responsiveness to these perturbations will be decreased. Thus, to facilitate long-term benefits and their generalizability to everyday life, one needs to consider the individual threshold for perturbation dose.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"40-47"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/JES.0000000000000210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40542477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
Passive Versus Mentally Active Sedentary Behaviors and Depression. 被动与主动久坐行为与抑郁症。
IF 5.7 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000211
Mats Hallgren, David W Dunstan, Neville Owen
{"title":"Passive Versus Mentally Active Sedentary Behaviors and Depression.","authors":"Mats Hallgren,&nbsp;David W Dunstan,&nbsp;Neville Owen","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detrimental associations of sedentary behaviors with depression have been identified, but findings are inconsistent. We propose a novel approach to the classification and analysis of sedentary behaviors, which differentiates between those that are passive (e.g., television viewing) and mentally active (e.g., reading). Available evidence is summarized, and research questions relating to measurement, causal relationships, and mechanisms are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/JES.0000000000000211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40453345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 78
A Time to Eat and a Time to Exercise 吃饭的时间和锻炼的时间
IF 5.7 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000207
E. B. Parr, L. Heilbronn, J. Hawley
{"title":"A Time to Eat and a Time to Exercise","authors":"E. B. Parr, L. Heilbronn, J. Hawley","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000207","url":null,"abstract":"Analogous to exercise training, time-restricted eating may rescue some of the deleterious effects on metabolic health induced by our modern-day lifestyle. This Perspective for Progress provides a synopsis for the potential of time-restricted eating (TRE) to rescue some of the deleterious effects on circadian biology induced by our modern-day lifestyle. We provide novel insights into the comparative and potential complementary effects of TRE and exercise training on metabolic health.","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":"48 1","pages":"4 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/JES.0000000000000207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48056098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 37
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