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Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews最新文献

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Pivotal Role of Heart for Orthostasis: Left Ventricular Untwisting Mechanics and Physical Fitness. 心脏在直立中的关键作用:左心室解扭力学和身体健康。
IF 5.7 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000247
Shigeki Shibata, Kazukuni Hirabuki, Noritaka Hata, Rina Suzuki, Tomoya Suda, Takahiro Uechi, Ai Hirasawa
{"title":"Pivotal Role of Heart for Orthostasis: Left Ventricular Untwisting Mechanics and Physical Fitness.","authors":"Shigeki Shibata,&nbsp;Kazukuni Hirabuki,&nbsp;Noritaka Hata,&nbsp;Rina Suzuki,&nbsp;Tomoya Suda,&nbsp;Takahiro Uechi,&nbsp;Ai Hirasawa","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Augmentation of left ventricular (LV) untwisting due to central hypovolemia is likely to be a compensatory mechanism for maintaining stroke volume, which is reduced by a decrease in cardiac filling during orthostatic stress. Orthostatic intolerance observed in both high and low fitness levels may be explained by the impaired response of LV untwisting due to central hypovolemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":"49 2","pages":"88-98"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10015665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Static Stretching Reduces Motoneuron Excitability: The Potential Role of Neuromodulation. 静态拉伸降低运动神经元的兴奋性:神经调节的潜在作用。
IF 5.7 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000243
Gabriel S Trajano, Anthony J Blazevich
{"title":"Static Stretching Reduces Motoneuron Excitability: The Potential Role of Neuromodulation.","authors":"Gabriel S Trajano, Anthony J Blazevich","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000243","DOIUrl":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prolonged static muscle stretching transiently reduces maximal muscle force, and this force loss has a strong neural component. In this review, we discuss the evidence suggesting that stretching reduces the motoneuron's ability to amplify excitatory drive. We propose a hypothetical model in which stretching causes physiological relaxation, reducing the brainstem-derived neuromodulatory drive necessary to maximize motoneuron discharge rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":"49 2","pages":"126-132"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10071452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Massage as a Mechanotherapy for Skeletal Muscle. 作为骨骼肌机械疗法的按摩。
IF 5.7 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000244
Douglas W Van Pelt, Marcus M Lawrence, Benjamin F Miller, Timothy A Butterfield, Esther E Dupont-Versteegden
{"title":"Massage as a Mechanotherapy for Skeletal Muscle.","authors":"Douglas W Van Pelt, Marcus M Lawrence, Benjamin F Miller, Timothy A Butterfield, Esther E Dupont-Versteegden","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000244","DOIUrl":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Massage is anecdotally associated with many health benefits, but physiological and clinically relevant mechanisms recently have begun to be investigated in a controlled manner. Herein, we describe research supporting our hypothesis that massage can be used as a mechanotherapy imparting biologically relevant adaptations in skeletal muscle and improving muscle properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":"49 2","pages":"107-114"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8320327/pdf/nihms-1726354.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10015661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strength Training: In Search of Optimal Strategies to Maximize Neuromuscular Performance. 力量训练:寻找最佳策略以最大化神经肌肉的表现。
IF 5.7 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000234
Jacques Duchateau, Séverine Stragier, Stéphane Baudry, Alain Carpentier
{"title":"Strength Training: In Search of Optimal Strategies to Maximize Neuromuscular Performance.","authors":"Jacques Duchateau,&nbsp;Séverine Stragier,&nbsp;Stéphane Baudry,&nbsp;Alain Carpentier","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Training with low-load exercise performed under blood flow restriction can augment muscle hypertrophy and maximal strength to a similar extent as the classical high-load strength training method. However, the blood flow restriction method elicits only minor neural adaptations. In an attempt to maximize training-related gains, we propose using other protocols that combine high voluntary activation, mechanical tension, and metabolic stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":"49 1","pages":"2-14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/JES.0000000000000234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10369429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Skeletal Muscle Damage Produced by Electrically Evoked Muscle Contractions. 电诱发肌肉收缩引起的骨骼肌损伤。
IF 5.7 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000239
Alexandre Fouré, Julien Gondin
{"title":"Skeletal Muscle Damage Produced by Electrically Evoked Muscle Contractions.","authors":"Alexandre Fouré,&nbsp;Julien Gondin","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the physiological/mechanical mechanisms leading to skeletal muscle damage remains one of the challenges in muscle physiology. This review presents the functional, structural, and cellular consequences of electrically evoked submaximal isometric contractions that can elicit severe and localized skeletal muscle damage. Hypotheses related to underlying physiological and mechanical processes involved in severe and localized muscle damage also are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":"49 1","pages":"59-65"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/JES.0000000000000239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10071431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Heat Versus Altitude Training for Endurance Performance at Sea Level. 高温与海拔训练对海平面耐力表现的影响。
IF 5.7 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000238
Marissa N Baranauskas, Keren Constantini, Hunter L Paris, Chad C Wiggins, Zachary J Schlader, Robert F Chapman
{"title":"Heat Versus Altitude Training for Endurance Performance at Sea Level.","authors":"Marissa N Baranauskas,&nbsp;Keren Constantini,&nbsp;Hunter L Paris,&nbsp;Chad C Wiggins,&nbsp;Zachary J Schlader,&nbsp;Robert F Chapman","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental stressors, such as heat or altitude, elicit dissimilar physiological adaptations to endurance training programs. Whether these differences (i.e., increased hemoglobin mass vs plasma volume) differentially influence performance is debated. We review data in support of our novel hypothesis, which proposes altitude as the preferred environmental training stimulus for elite endurance athletes preparing to compete in temperate, sea-level climates (5°C-18°C).</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":"49 1","pages":"50-58"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/JES.0000000000000238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10369421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
The Interaction between Mobility Status and Exercise Specificity in Older Adults. 老年人活动能力状况与运动特异性的相互作用。
IF 5.7 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000237
Clemens Markus Brahms, Tibor Hortobágyi, Reto Werner Kressig, Urs Granacher
{"title":"The Interaction between Mobility Status and Exercise Specificity in Older Adults.","authors":"Clemens Markus Brahms,&nbsp;Tibor Hortobágyi,&nbsp;Reto Werner Kressig,&nbsp;Urs Granacher","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many adults older than 60 yr experience mobility limitations. Although physical exercise improves older adults' mobility, differences in baseline mobility produce large variations in individual responses to interventions, and these responses could further vary by the type and dose of exercise. Here, we propose an exercise prescription model for older adults based on their current mobility status.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":"49 1","pages":"15-22"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/JES.0000000000000237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10369423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
The Accurate Assessment of Muscle Excitation Requires the Detection of Multiple Surface Electromyograms. 准确评估肌肉兴奋需要检测多个表面肌电图。
IF 5.7 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000240
Taian Martins Vieira, Alberto Botter
{"title":"The Accurate Assessment of Muscle Excitation Requires the Detection of Multiple Surface Electromyograms.","authors":"Taian Martins Vieira,&nbsp;Alberto Botter","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When sampling electromyograms (EMGs) with one pair of electrodes, it seems implicitly assumed the detected signal reflects the net muscle excitation. However, this assumption is discredited by observations of local muscle excitation. Therefore, we hypothesize that the accurate assessment of muscle excitation requires multiple EMG detection and consideration of electrode-fiber alignment. We advise prudence when drawing inferences from individually collected EMGs.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":"49 1","pages":"23-34"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/JES.0000000000000240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10369425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 46
A Role for Exercise to Counter Skeletal Muscle Clock Disruption. 运动对抗骨骼肌时钟紊乱的作用。
IF 5.7 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000235
Melissa L Erickson, Karyn A Esser, William E Kraus, Thomas W Buford, Leanne M Redman
{"title":"A Role for Exercise to Counter Skeletal Muscle Clock Disruption.","authors":"Melissa L Erickson,&nbsp;Karyn A Esser,&nbsp;William E Kraus,&nbsp;Thomas W Buford,&nbsp;Leanne M Redman","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disruption of the skeletal muscle circadian clock leads to a preferential shift toward lipid oxidation while reducing carbohydrate oxidation. These effects are apparent at the whole-body level, including glucose intolerance, increased energy expenditure, and fasting hyperglycemia. We hypothesize that exercise counters these metabolic disturbances by modifying the skeletal muscle clock and reverting substrate metabolism back toward an optimal substrate balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":"49 1","pages":"35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/JES.0000000000000235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10071433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Optimizing Microbiota Profiles for Athletes. 优化运动员微生物群配置文件。
IF 5.7 2区 医学
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000236
Laura Mancin, Ian Rollo, Joao Felipe Mota, Fabio Piccini, Mattia Carletti, Gian Antonio Susto, Giorgio Valle, Antonio Paoli
{"title":"Optimizing Microbiota Profiles for Athletes.","authors":"Laura Mancin,&nbsp;Ian Rollo,&nbsp;Joao Felipe Mota,&nbsp;Fabio Piccini,&nbsp;Mattia Carletti,&nbsp;Gian Antonio Susto,&nbsp;Giorgio Valle,&nbsp;Antonio Paoli","doi":"10.1249/JES.0000000000000236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gut microbiome influences athletes' physiology, but because of the complexity of sport performance and the great intervariability of microbiome features, it is not reasonable to define a single healthy microbiota profile for athletes. We suggest the use of specific meta-omics analysis coupled with innovative computational systems to uncover the hidden association between microbes and athlete's physiology and predict personalized recommendation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55157,"journal":{"name":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","volume":"49 1","pages":"42-49"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1249/JES.0000000000000236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10369426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
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