Global Change Biology Bioenergy最新文献

{"title":"Energy and Environmental Performance of Biodiesel Derived From Waste Vegetable and Animal Oils: Integrated Energy Balance, Process Optimization, and Feasibility Assessment","authors":"Atour Hamid,&nbsp;Hussein Fawzi Hussein,&nbsp;Emad Jaleel Mahdi","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70110","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcbb.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study quantifies the full energy and environmental performance of biodiesel produced from waste vegetable and animal oils (WVO/WAO) using a rigorously defined system boundary that covers feedstock collection and transport to the processing site, pre-treatment, transesterification, phase separation, and washing/drying up to the plant gate. A transparent energy accounting framework was developed to apportion primary energy inputs associated with methanol consumption, transport diesel, electricity, and catalyst use, while explicitly propagating ±5% measurement uncertainty into the net energy ratio (NER). Experiments and reconciled calculations based on representative 75-gal feedstock batches produced approximately 70–75 gal of specification-compliant biodiesel (ASTM/EN), with glycerin co-product credits treated conservatively. The representative batch yielded a Net Energy Ratio (NER) of 7.67, while sensitivity and optimization scenarios indicate that NER can approach approximately 7.8–8.2 (median ≈8.0), confirming a strong positive energy return that exceeds typical values reported for biodiesel derived from virgin vegetable oils and remains substantially higher than fossil diesel benchmarks.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Adoption Rates: Farmer Motivations and Communication Needs in Straw Management Decision-Making","authors":"Kristina Blennow,&nbsp;Elin Anander","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustainable bioenergy is central to climate change mitigation, yet biomass supply depends not only on biophysical and economic assessments but also on farmers' decision-making. Straw from cereal and oilseed crops can support renewable energy, but its availability is constrained by on-farm uses, management practices, and farmers' access to knowledge of sustainable soil management. Because straw removal affects soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, which underpins soil fertility, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration, understanding farmers' motivations and informational needs is critical to support sustainable straw management. We examined the determinants of straw management among farmers in Scania County, southern Sweden, testing three hypotheses: that manure application increases the likelihood of straw removal, that a higher proportion of leased land promotes straw removal, and that humus-rich soils are associated with a higher probability of straw removal. Survey data from 2021 (<i>n</i> = 94 cereal and oilseed farmers) were analysed using Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) combined with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values; we quantified the influence of farm characteristics and expectations, integrating a farmers' expected utility framework. Results show that manure application increases removal probability, whereas a higher share of leased land reduces it. Removal was most frequent on soils with intermediate humus content. Cluster analysis identified three farmer profiles, revealing heterogeneous motivations and knowledge gaps, particularly regarding soil humus content, and underscoring the need for context-specific communication strategies. These findings demonstrate that similar straw management behaviours can arise from diverse motivations and local conditions. Linking expectations, soil properties, and practices provides actionable insights for targeted advisory and policy measures that balance agronomic and economic outcomes with long-term SOC-mediated fertility, carbon sequestration, and ecosystem services.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effect of Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass and Disposable Face Mask Waste on Energy Efficiency: Experimental Modeling for Energetic Characteristics","authors":"Tamilarasan Nallaselvam,&nbsp;Balaji Kalaiarasu,&nbsp;Sakthivel Rajamohan,&nbsp;Nadir Ayrilmis,&nbsp;S. Joseph John Marshal","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid accumulation of post-consumer plastic waste, particularly polypropylene-based waste face masks (FMW), alongside underutilized agro-industrial residues such as <i>Moringa oleifera</i> (MO) seedcake, presents a significant environmental challenge and an opportunity for thermochemical valorization. This study presents a non-isothermal thermogravimetric investigation of the pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis behavior of MO, FMW, and their 1:1 mass blend under nitrogen atmosphere at heating rates of 5°C, 10°C, and 15°C min⁻¹ over a temperature range of 30°C–700°C. Model-free iso-conversional kinetic approaches (KAS, OFW, Friedman, and Starink) along with the Kissinger method were employed to evaluate the apparent activation energy (<i>E</i>_a) and pre-exponential factor (A) as functions of conversion. The co-pyrolysis system exhibited a statistically significant reduction in activation energy relative to mass-weighted predictions, confirming synergistic kinetic interactions between the lignocellulosic biomass and polypropylene matrix. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS, ΔG), derived consistently from the kinetic data, indicated that pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis were endothermic and non-spontaneous processes, requiring continuous external energy input. Nevertheless, the MO–FMW blend showed lower Gibbs free energy barriers than individual feedstocks, reflecting reduced thermodynamic resistance during decomposition. This study established a foundational kinetic–thermodynamic framework for MO–FMW co-pyrolysis and provided the essential parameters for reactor design and subsequent product-oriented pyrolysis studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methane Emissions From Flame Curtain Pyrolysis (Kon-Tiki)","authors":"Simon Lotz,&nbsp;Nikolas Hagemann,&nbsp;Dirk Hölscher,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Schmidt","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pyrogenic carbon capture and storage is increasingly recognized as a scalable carbon dioxide removal strategy. Flame curtain pyrolysis (Kon-Tiki) enables decentralized biochar production, but its net climate benefit depends on the magnitude of methane emissions caused during production. Here, we compared emissions from flame curtain pyrolysis and open burning of crop residues, which is considered the baseline scenario in many cases. We tested five feedstocks across a range of moisture contents and continuously measured temperature and concentrations of CO₂, CO, CH₄, and C₃H₈ in the flue gas. Emission factors were calculated via carbon mass balance, and regression analysis was used to identify drivers of the variability of methane concentrations. Kon-Tiki pyrolysis resulted in lower CO and CH₄ emissions than open burning, particularly for wheat straw. Dry feedstocks (≤ 15% moisture) yielded low methane emissions (&lt; 5 g kg⁻¹ biochar), whereas moist feedstocks (≥ 25% moisture) produced up to tenfold higher emissions. Kon-Tiki methane emissions were best explained by flue gas temperatures, showing an exponential decline of methane emissions with increasing temperatures. Overall, replacing open burning with Kon-Tiki pyrolysis is a promising strategy to foster biochar production and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, managing feedstock moisture and maintaining high temperatures are critical to minimize methane emissions and to enable Kon-Tiki kilns to serve as an effective transitional technology for decentralized biochar production and carbon dioxide removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147565747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Setup Limits Drawing Practical Conclusions About the Differences in Nitrate Retention of Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) Compared to Silage Maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"Thorsten Ruf","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70106","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;To date, several studies have highlighted the environmental excellence of the perennial cup plant (&lt;i&gt;Silphium perfoliatum&lt;/i&gt; L.) compared to the benchmark crop for anaerobic digestion: silage maize (&lt;i&gt;Zea mays&lt;/i&gt; L.). Accumulation of soil organic carbon (Ruf and Emmerling &lt;span&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;), improved soil structure (Rohlmann et al. &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;), reduced susceptibility to soil erosion (Auerswald et al. &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;), promotion of above and belowground agrobiodiversity and activity (Schorpp et al. &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Wöhl et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), low emissions of soil-borne greenhouse gases (Kemmann et al. &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;), and modest requirements concerning fertilization (Ruf and Emmerling &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;)—at the expense of about 10%–20% lower biogas yields per area (Von Cossel et al. &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thus, I have read the study of Hollweg et al. with great interest and highly appreciate the outcomes of this sophisticated, four-year study. The comparative investigation of the nitrate retention under cup plant and silage maize adds another piece of the puzzle for a holistic evaluation of cup plant cultivation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In their lysimeter study, Hollweg et al. found significantly higher shoot and root biomass in cup plant, along with vanishingly small amounts of nitrate leaching compared to silage maize, starting from the second year of growth. Already in the abstract, they state “reduction of nitrate leaching of 88% in 2021 and by up to 99% in 2022 under cup plant compared to maize”. Values that appear astonishing already at first glance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We can see from Equation (2) that N-addition by fertilization (N&lt;sub&gt;fert&lt;/sub&gt;) and N-removal with crop biomass (N&lt;sub&gt;cp-rem&lt;/sub&gt;) are two factors that have a strong influence on N-leaching via seepage water (N&lt;sub&gt;w-loss&lt;/sub&gt;). The authors state that both crops were fertilized “to reach 190 kg N ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; as recommended for silage maize” and present the exact fertilization in table S1. Thus, the term “N&lt;sub&gt;fert&lt;/sub&gt;” in Equation (2) is equal for both crops.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In all experimental years, except the establishment year of cup plant, silage maize produced significantly lower shoot biomass in both water regimes. Usually, the median shoot biomass of cup plant was, recalculated to a hectare basis, between about 20 Mg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; and 35 Mg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;. Thus, it is approximately 2.5 to 4 times higher than that of silage maize. Based on the study of Ruf and Emmerling (&lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;) we can estimate that the N-demand of cup plant is roughly 50% of that of silage maize at the same yield level. As described by Hollweg et al., the cup plant produced really high shoot biomass and was able to develop an intense root system (figure 6 in the study of Hollweg et al.). The latter expresses in the significance of the factor N&lt;sub&gt;root-fix&lt;/sub&gt; (nitrogen fixed by root development). In the first years, the development of the root system dominates over root turnover in the p","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global-Scale Analysis of Biochar Cropland Application Strategies and Their Climate Change Mitigation Potential Using Machine Learning","authors":"Xingyu Lu,&nbsp;Xiaolin Zhang,&nbsp;Junyu Yang,&nbsp;Fengping Chen","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biochar application in croplands has shown significant potential for enhancing crop yields and mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, results from regional field trials vary widely, indicating that the effectiveness of biochar application is influenced by multiple factors, including biochar properties, environmental factors, and management practices, thereby limiting its large-scale implementation. Here, we developed extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models based on global datasets to predict staple crop yield and soil GHG emission responses to biochar application, with interpretation via Shapley additive explanations. Through global-scale iterative simulations, we identified optimal biochar application strategies accounting for geographical variability and management practices. The mitigation potential of biochar systems was further quantified using life cycle assessment. Our results showed that XGBoost models achieved strong predictive performance, with soil properties and climatic conditions identified as the dominant factors shaping biochar application effects. Biochar was found to enhance yields and reduce emissions across most global croplands simultaneously, though the magnitude and optimal strategy varied regionally: yield improvements were more pronounced in tropical areas, whereas emission reductions dominated in temperate zones. Under optimized strategies, sustainable global biochar implementation could achieve an annual net emission reduction of 1.08 Pg CO₂-equivalent (offsetting 17% of global agricultural GHG emissions) while boosting staple food production by ~15 million tons. These findings highlight the considerable role of biochar in climate change mitigation and food security, emphasizing the need for region-specific application strategies tailored to local soil and climate contexts. Such approach could facilitate its advancement from localized trials to global environmental governance.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive Effects of Warming and Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, Soil Respiration, and Microbial Activities","authors":"Aviyan Pandey,&nbsp;Lahiru Gamage,&nbsp;Matthew Manu,&nbsp;Xuehan Wang,&nbsp;Jonathon Alford,&nbsp;Suping Zhou,&nbsp;Jason de Koff,&nbsp;Dafeng Hui,&nbsp;Jianwei Li","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70081","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcbb.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the effects of multiple global change drivers, for example, warming (W) and nitrogen (N) fertilization, is critical for accurately predicting ecosystem responses to climate change. This study investigates the main and interactive effects of soil warming and N fertilization on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), microbial biomass, extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs), and soil respiration (R_s) in a switchgrass (<i>Panicum virgatum</i>) cropland located in Middle Tennessee. The field experiment employed a split-plot design with two levels of warming (ambient and heated) and two levels of N fertilization (zero and 168 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹). Hourly measurements of R_s, soil temperature (T), and volumetric moisture (M_v), along with biweekly SOC, TN, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), and EEAs in soil samples (0–10 cm) were quantified consecutively for 1 year. Warming significantly increased T by 2.92°C, reduced M_v by 32%, and enhanced R_s by 19%, respectively, but significantly reduced nitrogen acquisition enzyme (<i>N</i>_<i>acq</i>), acid phosphatase (<i>AP</i>), peroxidase (<i>PER</i>), and oxidase (<i>OX</i>). Relative to unfertilized treatment, N fertilization significantly reduced R_s by 14%. There were no significant main or interactive effects of warming and N fertilization on MBC, MBN, SOC, TN, and C:N. A significant negative interaction of warming and N fertilization on R_s was observed, such that N fertilization suppressed R_s by 24% compared to unfertilized treatments under warming conditions. In addition, a significant negative interaction on <i>PER</i> and a significant positive interaction on <i>AP</i> were observed. These results suggest that warming significantly enhanced soil respiratory C losses, while N fertilization reduced this warming impact, likely through reduced enzyme activity and shifts in microbial community function and resource use. The need for long-term field trials is imperative to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these responses under the combined warming and N fertilization, particularly in bioenergy croplands.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147300028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Application of Biochar and Organic Matter With Synthetic Fertilisers Improves Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Rice Yield and Benefit–Cost Ratio: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Negar Omidvar,&nbsp;Md Hafiz All Hosen,&nbsp;Michael B. Farrar,&nbsp;Lakmini Dissanayake,&nbsp;Georgette Leah Burns,&nbsp;Shilpi Das,&nbsp;Apurbo Kumar Chaki,&nbsp;Mrinmoy Guha Neogi,&nbsp;M. Wakilur Rahman,&nbsp;Thi Thu Nhan Nguyen,&nbsp;Mehran Rezaei Rashti,&nbsp;Brittany Elliott,&nbsp;Shahla Hosseini Bai","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70105","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcbb.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Optimising the efficiency of applied nitrogen (N) fertilisers is essential to sustain agricultural systems. Substantial N losses continue through leaching, volatilisation, and denitrification processes. Co-application of organic amendments and biochar alongside synthetic fertilisers is a widely practiced strategy to enhance N retention, improve soil fertility and increase crop productivity. Previous studies have focused on the specific characteristics of soil amendments and the magnitude of yield change, while N use efficiency (NUE) and economic returns remain uncertain. This meta-analysis examined the effects of synthetic fertiliser applied alone, co-applied with biochar and co-applied with organic amendments, on crop yield, plant N uptake, NUE and economic return within rice cropping systems. Synthetic fertiliser and biochar applied alone increased rice yield by 69.2% ± 30.3 and 33.4% ± 34.9, respectively (Bootstrap 95% CI), whereas yield further increased by co-applying biochar (+104.8% ± 37.5) and organic amendments (+80.2% ± 18.2) with fertiliser compared with non-fertilised control. Co-applying organic amendments (+20.9% ± 29.7) and co-applying biochar (+35.1% ± 18.3) with synthetic fertiliser increased NUE compared with fertilised control. For rice crops under low N application (&lt; 150 kg ha⁻¹), co-applying biochar with fertiliser increased yields more than co-applying organic amendments (+70.1% ± 0.7 vs. +52.5% ± 0.3, respectively). Within acidic soils, co-applying biochar with fertiliser (+72.9% ± 0.4) led to higher yield than co-applying organic matter (+36.0% ± 0.9), and among soils with high organic carbon concentration, co-applying biochar with fertiliser increased yield by 97.6% ± 1.6, compared with yield increases observed by co-applying organic matter with fertiliser at 29.4% ± 0.5 and fertiliser alone at 25.6% ± 0.2. The main factors driving rice yield were N application rate, co-application method and soil organic carbon concentration. Co-applying either biochar or organic amendments did not significantly differ in benefit–cost ratio with benefit–cost ratios of 35.1% ± 9.2 and 18.1 ± 26.5, respectively compared with fertilised control. Co-applying either biochar or organic amendments with synthetic fertilisers decreased N inputs and increased economic return, therefore improving sustainability in rice cropping systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146130003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar-Based Fertilizer Is Cost-Effective, Reduces Nutrient Input and Improves Nutrient Use Efficiency Without Decreasing Yield","authors":"Lakmini Dissanayake,&nbsp;Michael B. Farrar,&nbsp;Negar Omidvar,&nbsp;Stephen Joseph,&nbsp;Kane Trubenbacher,&nbsp;Md. Hafiz Hosen,&nbsp;Lei Guo,&nbsp;Weiyi Liu,&nbsp;Yifan Bai,&nbsp;Zhihong Xu,&nbsp;Shahla Hosseini Bai","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Developing high-efficiency fertilizers with less environmental footprint is essential for sustainable cropping systems. This study evaluated a biochar mineral complex (BMC) to reduce nutrient leaching and increase nutrient use efficiency (NUE), yield, and economic productivity. The novel BMC was produced by pyrolyzing minerals and organic feedstocks. The BMC was co-applied with organic fertilizers to potting media using two methods: (1) rotary incorporation at 10%, 20%, and 50% rates, and (2) applied as a layer in the middle of the pot at 50% rate, and compared with synthetic and organic fertilizer controls. Nutrient availability and leaching, NUE, crop biomass, yield, and net income were examined. The BMC-layered at 50% rate with organic fertilizer improved nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) use efficiencies by +103% and +158%, respectively, compared with synthetic fertilizer and N, phosphorus (P), and K use efficiencies by +60%, +134%, and +92%, respectively, compared with organic fertilizer. Applying BMC at 50% rate reduced potting costs by 12% and 20% compared with organic and synthetic fertilizers, respectively. The BMC-layered at 50% rate increased net income than synthetic fertilizer, achieving comparable income to organic fertilizer. Balanced nutrient fluxes in the rhizosphere increased NUE, sustained plant growth, and yielded results comparable to synthetic and organic fertilizers despite lower input rates. Co-applying BMC-layered at 50% rate reduced nutrient leaching and led to increased NUE by improving CEC, physical entrapment, and surface bonding within the rhizosphere compared with incorporation methods. Therefore, applying a BMC-layer at the 50% rate is recommended to maximize nutrient use without decreasing yield within fertilizer-intensive and soilless cropping systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146099441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar-Based Fertilizer Is Cost-Effective, Reduces Nutrient Input and Improves Nutrient Use Efficiency Without Decreasing Yield","authors":"Lakmini Dissanayake,&nbsp;Michael B. Farrar,&nbsp;Negar Omidvar,&nbsp;Stephen Joseph,&nbsp;Kane Trubenbacher,&nbsp;Md. Hafiz Hosen,&nbsp;Lei Guo,&nbsp;Weiyi Liu,&nbsp;Yifan Bai,&nbsp;Zhihong Xu,&nbsp;Shahla Hosseini Bai","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Developing high-efficiency fertilizers with less environmental footprint is essential for sustainable cropping systems. This study evaluated a biochar mineral complex (BMC) to reduce nutrient leaching and increase nutrient use efficiency (NUE), yield, and economic productivity. The novel BMC was produced by pyrolyzing minerals and organic feedstocks. The BMC was co-applied with organic fertilizers to potting media using two methods: (1) rotary incorporation at 10%, 20%, and 50% rates, and (2) applied as a layer in the middle of the pot at 50% rate, and compared with synthetic and organic fertilizer controls. Nutrient availability and leaching, NUE, crop biomass, yield, and net income were examined. The BMC-layered at 50% rate with organic fertilizer improved nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) use efficiencies by +103% and +158%, respectively, compared with synthetic fertilizer and N, phosphorus (P), and K use efficiencies by +60%, +134%, and +92%, respectively, compared with organic fertilizer. Applying BMC at 50% rate reduced potting costs by 12% and 20% compared with organic and synthetic fertilizers, respectively. The BMC-layered at 50% rate increased net income than synthetic fertilizer, achieving comparable income to organic fertilizer. Balanced nutrient fluxes in the rhizosphere increased NUE, sustained plant growth, and yielded results comparable to synthetic and organic fertilizers despite lower input rates. Co-applying BMC-layered at 50% rate reduced nutrient leaching and led to increased NUE by improving CEC, physical entrapment, and surface bonding within the rhizosphere compared with incorporation methods. Therefore, applying a BMC-layer at the 50% rate is recommended to maximize nutrient use without decreasing yield within fertilizer-intensive and soilless cropping systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146099440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}