Global Change Biology Bioenergy最新文献

{"title":"Combination of Biochar-Based Fertilisers and Reactive Barriers Improved Soil Carbon Storage, Soil Moisture Retention, and Crop Yield in Short Term","authors":"Negar Omidvar,&nbsp;Stephen Joseph,&nbsp;Lakmini Dissanayake,&nbsp;Michael B. Farrar,&nbsp;Frédérique Reverchon,&nbsp;Russell Burnett,&nbsp;Mehran Rezaei Rashti,&nbsp;Apsara Amarasinghe,&nbsp;Sara Tahery,&nbsp;Zhihong Xu,&nbsp;Wendy Timms,&nbsp;Brittany Elliott,&nbsp;Hongdou Liu,&nbsp;Shahla Hosseini Bai","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change threatens long-term soil health because of increased severity and frequency of drought periods. Applying biochar to soils before a drought can increase non-biochar soil carbon (C) and water storage over the long term and sustain crop yield. However, the on-farm benefit of buried solid biochar and applied liquid biochar at low rates remains uncertain. This study examined the effects of two novel biochar-based soil amendments on soil C, water storage and crop yield. The biochar-based amendments included a biochar reactive barrier (RB) made by layering wood-based biochar, straw mulch and cow manure into a series of open surface trenches, and a liquid biochar mineral complex (BMC) applied twice, at low rate (200 kg ha⁻¹) to one side of RB (fertilised area), while the other side of RB received no treatments (non-fertilised area). Moisture concentration within the RB ranged from 6.76% up to 56.68% after large rainfall, more than double the surrounding soils and gradually started migrating from the RB outwards. Soil within 50 cm distance of the RB showed a 24.5% increase in non-biochar soil C compared with soil at 600 cm distance of the RB, 2.54% versus 2.04%, respectively, in the non-fertilised area, which was supported with lowering soil microbial activity. Pasture yield increase was associated with liquid BMC fertiliser rather than proximity to the RB. Pasture yield was 44% higher in the fertilised area compared with the non-fertilised area 27.89 t ha⁻¹ versus 19.31 t ha⁻¹. Approximately 158 kg CO₂e was removed from the atmosphere for each cubic meter of RB and an annual removal of 150 kg CO₂e ha⁻¹ was estimated by liquid BMC application. Income earned by increased yield was still profitable even though applied liquid BMC could cost between USD 400–520 ha⁻¹ including shipping costs. Overall, our study suggested biochar-based RB and BMC fertilisers can effectively increase soil moisture retention while building non-biochar soil C storage in the surrounding soil. The adoption of biochar-based techniques has the potential to improve drought resilience while increasing soil C in wide range of non-irrigated cropping systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Eddy Covariance Towers, Field Measurements, and the MEMS 2 Ecosystem Model Improves Confidence in the Climate Impacts of Bioenergy With Carbon Capture and Storage","authors":"Grant Falvo,&nbsp;Yao Zhang,&nbsp;Michael Abraha,&nbsp;Samantha Mosier,&nbsp;Yahn-Jauh Su,&nbsp;Cheyenne Lei,&nbsp;Jiquan Chen,&nbsp;M. Francesca Cotrufo,&nbsp;G. Philip Robertson","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbon dioxide removal technologies such as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) are required if the effects of climate change are to be reversed over the next century. However, BECCS demands extensive land use change that may create positive or negative radiative forcing impacts upstream of the BECCS facility through changes to in situ greenhouse gas fluxes and land surface albedo. When quantifying these upstream climate impacts, even at a single site, different methods can give different estimates. Here we show how three common methods for estimating the net ecosystem carbon balance of bioenergy crops established on former grassland or former cropland can differ in their central estimates and uncertainty. We place these net ecosystem carbon balance forcings in the context of associated radiative forcings from changes to soil N₂O and CH₄ fluxes, land surface albedo, embedded fossil fuel use, and geologically stored carbon. Results from long term eddy covariance measurements, a soil and plant carbon inventory, and the MEMS 2 process-based ecosystem model all agree that establishing perennials such as switchgrass or mixed prairie on former cropland resulted in net negative radiative forcing (i.e., global cooling) of −26.5 to −39.6 fW m⁻² over 100 years. Establishing these perennials on former grassland sites had similar climate mitigation impacts of −19.3 to −42.5 fW m⁻². However, the largest climate mitigation came from establishing corn for BECCS on former cropland or grassland, with radiative forcings from −38.4 to −50.5 fW m⁻², due to its higher plant productivity and therefore more geologically stored carbon. Our results highlight the strengths and limitations of each method for quantifying the field scale climate impacts of BECCS and show that utilizing multiple methods can increase confidence in the final radiative forcing estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential U.S. Production of Liquid Hydrocarbons From Biomass With Addition of Massive External Heat and Hydrogen Inputs","authors":"T. W. Charlton,&nbsp;C. W. Forsberg,&nbsp;B. E. Dale","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We estimate the U.S. potential to convert biomass into liquid hydrocarbons for fuel and chemical feedstocks, assuming massive low-carbon external heat and hydrogen inputs. The biomass is first a carbon feedstock and only secondarily an energy source. This analysis is done for three estimates of available biomass derived from the 2023 U.S. Department of Energy/U.S. Department of Agriculture “Billion-Ton Report” and two augmented cases with maximum annual production of 1326, 4791, 5799, 7432, and 8745 million barrels of diesel fuel equivalent per year for the five cases. Constraints, such as assuring long-term soil sustainability by recycling nutrients and some carbon back to soils, result in production being 70%–80% of these numbers. The U.S. currently consumes about 6900 million barrels of diesel fuel equivalent per year. Long-term estimates for U.S. hydrocarbon consumption are between 50% and 75% of current consumption. External hydrogen additions for the conversion processes in the five cases are, respectively 25, 91, 111, 142, and 167 million tons of hydrogen per year. The system is strongly carbon negative because of carbon and nutrient recycling to soils to improve soil productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Economic Analysis Between Bioenergy and Forage Types of Switchgrass for Sustainable Biofuel Feedstock Production: A Data Envelopment Analysis and Cost–Benefit Analysis Approach","authors":"Muhammad Umer Arshad,&nbsp;David Archer,&nbsp;Daniel Wasonga,&nbsp;Nictor Namoi,&nbsp;Arvid Boe,&nbsp;Rob Mitchell,&nbsp;Emily Heaton,&nbsp;Madhu Khanna,&nbsp;DoKyoung Lee","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The capacity to produce switchgrass efficiently and cost-effectively across diverse environments can be pivotal in achieving the short- and medium-term Sustainable Aviation Fuel targets set by the U.S. Department of Energy. This study evaluated the economic performance of forage- and bioenergy-type switchgrass cultivars and their response to N fertilization under diverse marginal environments across the US Midwest that included Illinois (IL), Iowa (IA), Nebraska (NE), and South Dakota (SD). Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to evaluate the efficiency of 23 Decision-Making Units (DMUs)—cultivar types and N fertilization rate combinations—while a cost–benefit analysis calculated their profitability over 5 years. Results showed that two energy-type cultivars—“Independence” and “Liberty”—were superior economically to the forage cultivars. Independence performed best with the highest profit margin when fertilized at 56 kg N ha⁻¹, particularly in the US hardiness zone 6a (Urbana, IL). Liberty exhibited the highest profit margins in hardiness zone 5b (Madrid, IA, and Ithaca, NE) at 56 kg N ha⁻¹ and showed exceptional profitability with 28 kg N ha⁻¹ in hardiness zone 6b (Brighton, IL). Switchgrass cultivar “Carthage” showed better efficiency score and profitability results in hardiness zone 4b (South Shore, SD) at 56 kg N ha⁻¹. The profit trends observed in current study sites may indicate broader patterns across similar US hardiness zones. This study provides valuable insights for decision-makers to optimize input strategies for biomass production of bioenergy switchgrass to meet renewable energy demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Credits Through Wood Use: Revisiting the Maximum Potential and Sensitivity to Key Assumptions","authors":"Jari Niemi,&nbsp;Sampo Soimakallio,&nbsp;Elias Hurmekoski,&nbsp;Tanja Myllyviita,&nbsp;Janni Kunttu,&nbsp;Federico Lingua,&nbsp;Tord Snäll","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wood use generates technosphere carbon credits (TCCs) through avoided fossil-based emissions and net sequestration of carbon into the technosphere (harvested wood products and geological storage). We investigated how large and uncertain TCCs of wood use per carbon harvested are considering the current and alternative ways of using wood, and the effects of the decarbonization of societies over 25-, 50-, and 100-year time horizons. We applied stochastic simulation and scenario analysis using Finnish market structure as a baseline to demonstrate the use of the TCC calculator created. The mean value of TCCs of wood use were between 0.2 and 0.5 t_C/t_C with an uncertainty range from 0.1 to 0.8 t_C/t_C, depending on the scenario. The uncertainties were mainly concerned with the extent to which (1) fossil-based emissions are avoided through substitution (displacement factors) and (2) fossil-based raw materials are substituted (substitution rates). Assumptions on the decarbonization of societies reduced TCCs of wood use significantly over time. TCCs of wood use can be increased by directing wood into uses that substitute fossil-intensive materials and have a long lifetime, such as construction materials, and increasing energy recovery and avoiding emitting carbon at the end of life of harvested wood products by carbon capture and storage. However, they were very likely to be considerably lower than forest carbon debits resulting from harvesting additional wood for substitution under all considered circumstances and under a wide but reasonable range of stochastic parameter values. Thus, the result emphasizes the need to reduce overall consumption of goods to mitigate climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Gasoline and Diesel Subsidy Reforms on Global Biofuel Mandates","authors":"Robin Argueyrolles,&nbsp;Tobias Heimann,&nbsp;Ruth Delzeit","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fossil fuel subsidy reform(s) support the deployment of low-carbon technologies, yet fossil fuel subsidies remain stubbornly high, while money allocated by governments to renewable energy continues to grow. In the transport sector, this tension is observed between biofuels that still rely on national policies and gasoline/diesel subsidies. Using a global Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, we study how phasing out gasoline and diesel subsidies would impact global biofuel mandates. We find that where they are implemented, Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reforms increase biofuel competitiveness and lower the cost of achieving the mandates. The fiscal benefit is therefore twofold with savings on fossil and bio-based energy subsidies. In a multilateral reform scenario, we simulate the rise in fiscal revenue from phasing out the fossil fuel subsidies to be 25% higher when the avoided spending on biofuels' support is accounted for. In the rest of the world, however, the biofuel targets become costlier to achieve as the price of fossil fuels drops. Considering that global biofuel 2030 targets are achieved, governments' support for biofuel falls by $6 billion in regions phasing gasoline and diesel subsidies but increases by $600 million in the rest of the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Synergies: Greenhouse Gas Dynamics, Soil Mechanisms, and Forest Ecosystems for Climate Resilience and Sustainable Environmental Stewardship","authors":"Ihsan Muhammad,&nbsp;Xinyu Luo,&nbsp;Imran Khan,&nbsp;Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi,&nbsp;Mohamed Soliman Elshikh,&nbsp;Weijun Shen","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rising global temperatures underscore the urgent need to understand the complex interplay between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change. This study investigates the relationships between GHG emissions and key environmental factors in China from 1990 to 2019, focusing on the role of forest ecosystems and soil management practices. Utilizing FAOSTAT and World Development Indicators data, we analyze the connections between total GHG emissions and factors such as biomass burning (BM), net stock change (NSC), fertilizer application (FERT), and manure application (MA) in soils. Employing impulse response analysis and Robust Least Squares Estimation with transformed logarithmic independent parameters, we find strong positive correlations between GHG emissions and both BM (coefficient 0.82) and FERT (coefficient 0.95). Robust Least Squares Estimation further confirms the significant influence of BM (coefficient 0.85) and FERT (coefficient 1.01) on GHG emissions. Notably, the interaction between precipitation (PPT) and NSC significantly impacts GHG emissions, with a negative coefficient (−0.58) for “PPT * NSC”. In contrast, the interaction between PPT and FERT significantly impacts GHG emissions, with a positive coefficient (0.29) for “PPT * FERT.” Furthermore, a unidirectional causality is observed from GHGs to BM (coefficient 6.31). These findings highlight the critical roles of BM, fertilizer use, and PPT patterns in driving GHG dynamics and underscore the potential of forest management strategies, particularly those focused on NSC, to mitigate climate change. This research provides valuable insights for promoting a sustainable balance between human activities and the vital role of forests in maintaining a healthy environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Legacy and Contemporary Nitrogen Inputs on N2O and CO2 Emissions in Miscanthus and Maize Cultivated Soils","authors":"Jaejin Lee,&nbsp;Paul Villanueva,&nbsp;Kate Glanville,&nbsp;Andy Vanloocke,&nbsp;Wendy H. Yang,&nbsp;Angela Kent,&nbsp;Marshall McDaniel,&nbsp;Steven J. Hall,&nbsp;Adina Howe","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nutrient inputs influence the sustainability of bioenergy crop production through contemporary (shortly after addition) and legacy effects (persisting over years) on microbial nitrogen (N) and carbon cycling, which contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. However, the relative importance of contemporary and legacy effects and how that could vary by crop functional types is poorly understood. Considering its rhizomatous roots and perennial growth, we hypothesized that <i>Miscanthus</i> × giganteus (M×g) would be more sensitive to legacy N fertilization and the historical context of its environment than an annual crop like maize. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of legacy and contemporary N inputs on nitrous oxide (N₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, as well as key N cycling genes in soils where M×g and maize were grown. A 150-day soil incubation experiment was conducted using soils from a long-term M×g and maize fertility experiment with three historic N fertilization rates (0, 112, and 336 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) and a contemporary amendment (60 mg N kg⁻¹) with negative control (0 mg N kg⁻¹). We observed significant increases in cumulative N₂O emissions in Mxg soils relative to maize soils, particularly at higher legacy fertilization rates, while contemporary N had no significant effect. Bacterial <i>amo</i>A gene abundance, which plays a significant role in nitrification in nutrient-rich soils, also increased with higher legacy fertilization rates in M×g soils but was unaffected by the contemporary N. In maize soils, legacy and contemporary N did not significantly affect N₂O emissions, but cumulative CO₂ emissions and <i>amo</i>A gene abundance significantly increased. The abundances of <i>nor</i>B genes were not significantly influenced by either legacy fertilization or contemporary N amendments in either soil. Our findings demonstrate the greater importance of fertilization history over contemporary N in mediating soil N₂O emissions, particularly for perennial bioenergy crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Basis of Non-Photochemical Quenching and Photosystem II Efficiency Responses to Chilling in the Biomass Crop Miscanthus","authors":"Asha Kumari,&nbsp;Joyce N. Njuguna,&nbsp;Xuying Zheng,&nbsp;Johannes Kromdijk,&nbsp;Erik J. Sacks,&nbsp;Katarzyna Glowacka","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Miscanthus</i> holds a promise as a biocrop due to its high yield, perenniality and ability to grow on infertile soils. However, the current commercial biomass production of <i>Miscanthus</i> is mostly limited to a single sterile triploid clone of <i>M.</i> × <i>giganteus</i>. Nevertheless, parental species of <i>M.</i> × <i>giganteus, Miscanthus sacchariflorus</i> and <i>Miscanthus sinensis</i> contain vast genetic diversity for crop improvement. With <i>M. sacchariflorus</i> having a natural geographic distribution in cold-temperate northeast China and eastern Russia, we hypothesised that it has substantial variation in physiological response to chilling. Using a semi-high-throughput method, we phenotyped 209 <i>M. sacchariflorus</i> genotypes belonging to six genetic groups for non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and photosystem II efficiency (ΦPSII) kinetics under warm and chilling treatments in three growing seasons. In response to the chilling treatment, all genetic groups exhibited an increase in NPQ induction rate indicating faster activation of NPQ in light. Notably, under chilling, the Korea/NE China/Russia 2x and N China 2x groups stood out for the highest NPQ rate in light and the highest steady-state NPQ in light. This NPQ phenotype may contribute adaptation to chilling during bright, cold mornings of spring and early autumn in temperate climates, when faster NPQ would better protect from oxidative stress. Such enhanced adaptation could expand the growing season and thus productivity at a given location or expand the range of economically viable growing locations to higher latitudes and altitudes. A genome-wide association study identified 126 unique SNPs associated with NPQ and ΦPSII traits. Among the identified candidate genes were enzymes involved in the ascorbate recycle and shikimate pathway, gamma-aminobutyric acid and cation efflux transporters. Identifying natural variation and genes involved in NPQ and ΦPSII kinetics considerably enlarges the toolbox for breeding and/or engineering <i>Miscanthus</i> with optimised photosynthesis under warm and chilling conditions for sustainable feedstock production for bioenergy.</p><p>Chilling affects the productivity and geographical distribution of most crops. Using a semi-high-throughput approach to investigate photosynthesis-related traits, we characterised variation existing in the bioenergy crop <i>Miscanthus</i> under chilling and warm conditions and identified potential genes associated with it. Under chilling, two genetic groups from the northern edge of <i>Miscanthus</i> distribution stood out for faster activation of photoprotection. This trait may contribute adaptation to chilling in temperate climates, when faster photoprotection would better defend from oxidative stress. Enhanced chilling adaptation could expand the growing season and thus productivity or enlarge the range of growing locations.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Converting Biochar Into Biochar-Based Urea Promotes Environmental and Economic Sustainability in Rice-Wheat Rotation System","authors":"Xueliu Gong,&nbsp;Wei Shi,&nbsp;Jiarong Wu,&nbsp;Jingsong Qin,&nbsp;Wang Huang,&nbsp;Yanfang Feng,&nbsp;Haijun Sun,&nbsp;Jufeng Zheng,&nbsp;Kun Cheng,&nbsp;Stephen Joseph,&nbsp;Junhui Chen,&nbsp;Rongjun Bian,&nbsp;Lianqing Li,&nbsp;Genxing Pan","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biochar amendments in rice-wheat systems are sustainable for reducing GHGs (greenhouse gases) and improving soil health but the widespread adoption of biochar faces economic challenges. To address limitation, a novel biochar-based urea was formulated for environmental and cost advantages. A pot experiment within a rice-wheat rotation was conducted to evaluate comparative effects of biochar-based urea (CKBU), biochar + urea (BCU), and biochar-based urea + biochar (BCBU) over conventional mineral fertilizer (CKU) on soil ammonia (NH₃) volatilization, GHG emissions, soil structure, and crop productivity. Furthermore, fertilizer N fate was tracked using the ¹⁵N isotope during wheat season. The results indicated that compared to CKU, CKBU, BCU, and BCBU treatments significantly mitigated NH₃ volatilization by 22%–31% during the rice season, and a 19% reduction was observed under the BCBU treatment during the wheat season due to the response of N-cycling microorganisms. Regarding GHG emissions, the CKBU, BCU, and BCBU treatments significantly decreased the global warming potential (GWP) value by 49%–55% during the rice season and by 26%–45% during the wheat season, compared to CKU. Additionally, CKBU enhanced ¹⁵N use efficiency by 29% during wheat season, without affecting the rice season. The economic performance indicated that applying BU alone offered a net economic benefit, whereas biochar amendment led to a net economic loss. However, biochar amendment improved SOC and aggregation structure, with a significant increase in macroaggregate distribution over 50% compared to CKU and CKBU. Therefore, BU with small portions of biochar can be as effective in reducing NH₃ emissions and mitigating GHG emissions as the use of a large quantity of biochar. Additionally, the BCBU did not show additional synergistic benefits regarding emission reduction or yield enhancement. Therefore, shifting biochar to BU could be a cost-effective approach to achieving sustainable productivity in rice-wheat crop rotation systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}