Geoarchaeology-An International Journal最新文献

{"title":"The fabric of Torre d'en Galmés, Menorca, Spain","authors":"Paul Goldberg,&nbsp;Amalia Pérez-Juez","doi":"10.1002/gea.21964","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21964","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The term fabric has a variety of meanings, particularly in geology and archaeology. In the former case, it can encapsulate the three-dimensional arrangement of particles and voids, including organizational aspects such as bedding. In archaeology, it can also refer to positions of sites on a landscape or the structure and geometry of, say, buildings within a site; it can also refer to the infillings within individual structures. In this study, we illustrate the concept of fabric with the site of Torre d'en Galmés on the Spanish Island of Menorca to show that in fact fabrics exist at a variety of scales from the geological fabric of the Island, down to the fabrics of the sedimentary infills between and within buildings and spaces. We show that by examining the fabrics at different scales on Menorca, we can gain a more complete and integrative understanding of the geoarchaeology at this location, rather than simply investigating individual aspects as is more typical in geoarchaeology and archaeology.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"38 5","pages":"631-648"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21964","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42901321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three thousand years of river channel engineering in the Nile Valley","authors":"Matthew Dalton,&nbsp;Neal Spencer,&nbsp;Mark G. Macklin,&nbsp;Jamie C. Woodward,&nbsp;Philippa Ryan","doi":"10.1002/gea.21965","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21965","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Across a 1000-km stretch of the River Nile, from the 1st Cataract in southern Egypt to the 4th Cataract in Sudan, many hundreds of drystone walls are located within active channels, on seasonally inundated floodplains or in now-dry Holocene palaeochannel belts. These walls (or river groynes) functioned as flood and flow control structures and are of a type now commonly in use worldwide. In the Nile Valley, the structures have been subject only to localised investigations, and none have been radiometrically dated. Some were built within living memory to trap nutrient-rich Nile silts for agriculture, a practice already recorded in the early 19th century C.E. However, others situated within ancient palaeochannel belts indicate construction over much longer time frames. In this paper, we map the distribution of these river groynes using remote sensing and drone survey. We then establish their probable functions and a provisional chronology using ethnoarchaeological investigation and the ground survey, excavation and radiometric dating of the structures in northern Sudan, focusing on the Holocene riverine landscape surrounding the pharaonic settlement of Amara West (c. 1300–1000 B.C.E.). Finally, we consider the historical and economic implications of this form of hydraulic engineering in the Nile Valley over the past three millennia.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"38 5","pages":"565-587"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21965","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49523132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Roman–Early Byzantine Leukos settlement, Karpathos, Greece: Geoarchaeology, archeoseismology, and paleogeography","authors":"Karen L. Kleinspehn,&nbsp;Michael C. Nelson","doi":"10.1002/gea.21962","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21962","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This archeoseismologic study focuses on the Leukos settlement that thrived on the west coast of the forearc island of Karpathos in the 4th−6th centuries CE. The onshore site occupies the eastern rim of the offshore Karpathos Basin, the deepest Aegean basin, in a sector of the Hellenic forearc typically regarded as seismically insignificant. Investigations of faulting, sedimentary processes, and secondary earthquake effects (hydraulic fracturing, liquefaction, tilting, landslides) are integrated with observations of previously surveyed and newly discovered archeological remains to appraise syn- to post-Early Byzantine seismicity and establish a sequence of faulting. Calibrated radiocarbon dates, the first from Karpathos, indicate intermittent faulting and seismicity spanning the 4th−10th centuries CE, likely contributing to the early 7th-century CE abandonment of Leukos. The coseismic rupture of competent cobbles whose fractures are filled with fluidized sediment is an established paleoseismologic tool for recognizing earthquakes of magnitude <i>M</i>_w ≥ 6; this study extends that criterion to archeoseismology. This study underscores the need to evaluate land movements, sea-level fluctuations, and shoreline migration for coastal archeological sites. A plausible Late Roman paleogeography emerges in which Leukos occupied a contiguous peninsula rather than surrounding three modern harbors. This study encourages re-evaluation of seismic and tsunami hazards in the sector of the Hellenic forearc surrounding ancient Leukos and the Karpathos Basin.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"38 5","pages":"588-614"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21962","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45804600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New data on chert catchment analysis in inland Iberia during the Late Pleistocene","authors":"Marta Sánchez de la Torre,&nbsp;Xavier Mangado Llach,&nbsp;Samuel Castillo-Jiménez,&nbsp;Luis Luque,&nbsp;José J. Alcolea-González,&nbsp;Manuel Alcaraz-Castaño","doi":"10.1002/gea.21963","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21963","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we present the first results obtained after new fieldwork and laboratory studies of chert catchment sources during the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic in inland Iberia, a region that has been traditionally depicted as marginal and sparsely populated during the last glacial due to its harsh ecological conditions compared to the coastal areas of the Iberian Peninsula. Our main aim is to determine the mobility strategies and social networks of the last Neandertals and first modern humans settled in inland Iberia and neighbouring regions, and eventually test the hypothesis that the last glacial human settlement in the Iberian hinterland was more dense and complex than previously thought. In this study, we focus on the cherts exploited at two archaeological sites: the Peña Cabra and Peña Capón rock shelters. These sites are located in the southeastern foothills of the Central System range, in the province of Guadalajara (Spain), and they have yielded a sequence of human occupations from the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic, respectively. To obtain a detailed picture of the mobility patterns and catchment strategies of the hunter-gatherers settled at these sites, our fieldwork focussed on identifying chert outcrops that could have been frequented and exploited by them. After two field seasons, 22 chert outcrops from eight geological formations were identified and more than 300 samples were collected and analysed. We conducted textural, micropalaeontological, petrographical and geochemical analyses, with the aim of comprehensively characterising the various rock resources available in the study area. Results have shown that different siliceous varieties were available in the area surrounding the sites and both Neandertals and modern humans could have provisioned there. Also, they suggest the potential existence of a network connecting the Tagus and Ebro valleys, but this is a working hypothesis to be tested with future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"38 5","pages":"615-630"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21963","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47475791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pleistocene freshwater ostracods from the Homo erectus site at Bilzingsleben, Germany—Review of historic collection and unpublished manuscript material for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction","authors":"Thomas Daniel,&nbsp;Peter Frenzel","doi":"10.1002/gea.21960","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21960","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We provide a review of micropalaeontological research on Ostracoda from the Middle Pleistocene (MIS 11, Holstein interglacial) hominin site Bilzingsleben in Thuringia in Central Germany from 1963 to the 1990s. Samples from four sections inside and six search pits outside the excavation area were investigated and, in total, 49 ostracod species were identified. The ostracod assemblages of the sections mirror the complex and small-scale palaeoenvironmental evolution of the site from a seeping-spring to fluviatile, lacustrine and finally seeping-spring habitat in which a massive tufa layer formed and prevented erosion of the sediments beneath. Pleistocene index fossils are represented by <i>Ilyocypris quinculminata</i> from search pit 3/sample 9933 and <i>Scottia browniana</i> from section 70. Both species indicate the age dating of MIS 11 for the tufa deposit. The results of this study facilitate new insights into site formation processes, enable refinement of the interpretation of the archaeological record and shed light on the question: Does the find-bearing layer at the Bilzingsleben site contain in situ remains of a camp site of <i>Homo erectus</i> or not? Our results suggest that the site is not unaffected at least.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"38 4","pages":"445-465"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47412301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoarchaeology in China: Progress, trends, and perspectives","authors":"Michael Storozum,&nbsp;Yijie Zhuang,&nbsp;Hui Wang,&nbsp;Duowen Mo","doi":"10.1002/gea.21955","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21955","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past several decades, Chinese archaeology has rapidly developed into a scientific enterprise. Archaeological scientists in China are now routinely applying the latest scientific techniques and methods to answer questions concerning archaeological sites and material culture with increasing specificity and accuracy. Alongside the continuous development of archaeological science in China, geoarchaeological research has grown apace but is still poorly understood by the broader community of archaeological researchers. A large part of this lack of understanding stems from the fact that for much of the 20th century, the Chinese school of archaeological thought was separated by language, politics, and even methodology. Even today, there is no analogous term to ‘geoarchaeology’ in Chinese, with the closest terms being environmental archaeology (环境考古), geographic archaeology (地学考古), and archaeological science (科技考古) (Jing, 1991; Xia, 2012; Zhou, 2007; Zhu et al., 2013). This short editorial introduction provides a streamlined summary of the key developments of geoarchaeology in China and highlights the contributions made by the authors of this special issue of Geoarchaeology. Specifically, we aim to identify a few key topics of interest that the contributing authors of this special issue address.","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"38 3","pages":"263-267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42562741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropogenic impact on a seacoast landscape during the last 1300 years in central Latvia, Northeastern Europe","authors":"Normunds Stivrins,&nbsp;Inga Doniņa,&nbsp;Muntis Auns,&nbsp;Ansis Blaus,&nbsp;Merlin Liiv,&nbsp;Dace Steinberga,&nbsp;Nauris Jasiunas,&nbsp;Ieva Grudzinska","doi":"10.1002/gea.21961","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21961","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human-induced activities around Lake Lilaste in the central Latvian sandy coastal area have been reconstructed over a 1300-year period. We use a combination of well-established geoarchaeological research methods (¹⁴C dating, pollen, nonpollen palynomorphs, REVEALS modeling, diatoms, C/N ratio, magnetic susceptibility, loss on ignition) to study the human impact on the environment. Historical context aids focus on records of resource (e.g., timber) exploitation in the area. The continuous record of human indicator pollen and agricultural landscape suggests this area was suitable for habitation well before the studied time period, likely due to the ecosystem services it provided. Our proxy-based study, combined with historical background, reveals a significant human impact on the terrestrial environment since the 14th century. Deficiency of trees in the northern outskirts of Riga during the 17th–19th century was likely. Anthropogenic activity has led to both deforestation and change in species composition. Our paleo records indicate recognizable human-driven legacy in current seacoast landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"38 4","pages":"466-481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41736095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lidar visualization techniques for the construction of geoarchaeological deposit models: An overview and evaluation in alluvial environments","authors":"Nicholas Crabb,&nbsp;Chris Carey,&nbsp;Andy J. Howard,&nbsp;Matthew Brolly","doi":"10.1002/gea.21959","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21959","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lidar has become an essential tool for the mapping and interpretation of natural and archaeological features within the landscape. It is also increasingly integrated and visualized within geoarchaeological deposit models, providing valuable topographic and stratigraphic control from the contemporary ground surface downwards. However, there is a wide range of methods available for the visualization of lidar elevation models and a review of existing research suggests that it remains unclear which are most appropriate for geoarchaeological applications. This paper addresses this issue by providing an overview and quantitative evaluation of these techniques with examples from archaeologically resource-rich alluvial environments. Owing to the relatively low-relief nature of the terrain within these temperate lowland flood plain environments, the results show that there is a small number of visualization methods that demonstrably improve the detection of geomorphological landforms that can be related to the variable distribution of archaeological resources. More specifically, a combination of Relative Elevation Models combined with Simple Local Relief Models offered an optimal approach that subsequently allows integration with deposit models. Whilst the presented examples are from a flood plain setting, deposit models are pertinent to a range of landscape contexts and the methodology applied here has wider applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"38 4","pages":"420-444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21959","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44851925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterising mine wastes as archaeological landscapes","authors":"Susan Lawrence,&nbsp;Peter Davies,&nbsp;Greg Hil,&nbsp;Ian Rutherfurd,&nbsp;James Grove,&nbsp;Jodi Turnbull,&nbsp;Ewen Silvester,&nbsp;Francesco Colombi,&nbsp;Mark Macklin","doi":"10.1002/gea.21958","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21958","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Industrial-scale metal mining has long been a feature of developing economies. Processing ores to recover minerals has generated large quantities of waste rock, tailings and contaminants. Mining-related deposits, along with associated soil and water geochemistry, river modifications and other environmental changes, are a product of the nature, scale and intensity of past operations. These artefacts of historical mining create anthropogenic landscapes that extend far beyond individual sites due to the dispersal of mine waste by rivers and pose enduring threats to human and ecosystem health. Their presence and significance, however, are often overlooked by heritage and environmental managers. To be acknowledged as artefacts of the historical mining industry, landscape features must be identified and characterised with reference to the human activities that triggered their formation. This requires an interdisciplinary approach that incorporates anthropogenic landscape change at a regional scale. In this paper, we integrate archaeological, geomorphological and geochemical evidence to identify and analyse mining-related changes to the Loddon River valley in Victoria, Australia. Nineteenth-century gold mining caused extensive erosion of creeks and gullies and mobilised sediments that filled channels and spread over floodplains. In addition, tailing deposits concentrated arsenic at levels significantly above environmental background conditions. Recognising these legacies of historical mining is vital to understanding mining heritage and to managing healthy rivers, environments and communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"38 4","pages":"389-405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21958","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46808824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geostatistical and geoarchaeological study of Holocene floodplains and site distributions on the Sha-Ying River Basin, Central China","authors":"Hai Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Andrew Bevan,&nbsp;Hui Wang,&nbsp;Fawei Liang,&nbsp;Yanpeng Cao,&nbsp;Yijie Zhuang","doi":"10.1002/gea.21957","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21957","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Geostatistics has become a powerful method for investigating complex spatial variations of prehistoric settlements in floodplains and other geomorphological settings. A geoarchaeological drilling program that covers most of the Sha-Ying River Basin provides a rare opportunity with unusually detailed environmental data to contest and develop the geostatistics method, which proves to be essential, in combination with archaeological data, to understand long-term (9000–2500 B.P.) patterns of human inhabitation and adaption to volatile floodplain environments in eastern Central China. We analysed the variography and multivariate ordination of the borehole data and explored the complexities of landform evolution, with reference to sedimentation processes and soil development in the floodplain of the Sha-Ying River. The recurrent impact of river floods on regional landforms is manifested by spatial-autocorrelated properties over distances up to 10 km, sometimes with directional trends. We then developed a model of landform evolution through kriging and compared the model with detailed reconstruction of archaeological settlement patterns. Our results illustrate long-term socio-environmental dynamics by which human communities first populated and then adapted in diverse ways to the changing floodplain environments from the early to middle Holocene. This improved method will have far-reaching implications for future studies on similar geomorphological settings across vast floodplains of Central China and other global regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"38 3","pages":"371-385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21957","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49181481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}