Development of water management strategies in southern Mesopotamia during the fourth and third millennium B.C.E.

IF 1.4 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
Simone Mantellini, Vincenzo Picotti, Abbas Al-Hussainy, Nicolò Marchetti, Federico Zaina
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Abstract

The last two decades witnessed increasing scholarly interest in the history of water management in southern Mesopotamia. Thanks to many geoarchaeological research projects conducted throughout the central and southern Iraqi floodplains, a general understanding of the macrophases of anthropogenic manipulation of this vast hydraulic landscape has been achieved. However, current narratives mostly rely on studies at a regional scale and are based on excessively long chronological phases (often spanning a whole millennium). A finer-tuned analysis at a submillennial scale is needed to better appreciate the dynamics that led to the development of artificial canals and irrigation systems and the creation of harbours in cities and other navigation-related facilities. The Iraqi-Italian QADIS project is addressing this issue through a systematic geoarchaeological investigation in the south-eastern area of the Qadisiyah province. We aim to update the current narrative by analysing case studies involving specific periods of occupation. We performed 17 boreholes to propose a date on the functioning period of the hydraulic works in five selected archaeological sites of this region. This approach allowed us to understand changes in water management strategies in both the short and the medium term (i.e., on a scale of centuries). In this paper, we present the results for the fourth and third millennia B.C.E. This period witnessed a crucial passage from the basic exploitation of natural watercourses for irrigation and occasional navigation to the emergence of the first system of artificial canals and intraurban harbours.

Abstract Image

公元前第四和第三个千年美索不达米亚南部水资源管理战略的发展
过去二十年来,学者们对美索不达米亚南部水资源管理历史的兴趣与日俱增。由于在伊拉克中部和南部洪泛平原开展了许多地质考古研究项目,人们对这一广阔的水利地貌的人类活动的宏观阶段有了总体了解。然而,目前的叙述大多依赖于区域范围的研究,并且基于过长的年代阶段(往往跨越整整一个千年)。为了更好地了解人工运河和灌溉系统的发展、城市港口的建立以及其他与航海有关的设施的发展动态,需要在亚千年尺度上进行更精细的分析。伊拉克-意大利 QADIS 项目正在通过对卡迪西亚省东南部地区进行系统的地质考古调查来解决这一问题。我们的目标是通过分析涉及特定占领时期的案例研究,更新当前的叙述。我们在该地区选定的五个考古遗址中进行了 17 次钻探,以确定水利工程的运作时期。这种方法使我们能够了解短期和中期(即以世纪为单位)水资源管理策略的变化。在本文中,我们将介绍公元前四千年和三千年的研究结果。这一时期见证了从基本利用天然河道进行灌溉和偶尔航行,到出现第一个人工运河和城市内港口系统的关键时期。
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来源期刊
Geoarchaeology-An International Journal
Geoarchaeology-An International Journal 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
5.90%
发文量
51
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Geoarchaeology is an interdisciplinary journal published six times per year (in January, March, May, July, September and November). It presents the results of original research at the methodological and theoretical interface between archaeology and the geosciences and includes within its scope: interdisciplinary work focusing on understanding archaeological sites, their environmental context, and particularly site formation processes and how the analysis of sedimentary records can enhance our understanding of human activity in Quaternary environments. Manuscripts should examine the interrelationship between archaeology and the various disciplines within Quaternary science and the Earth Sciences more generally, including, for example: geology, geography, geomorphology, pedology, climatology, oceanography, geochemistry, geochronology, and geophysics. We also welcome papers that deal with the biological record of past human activity through the analysis of faunal and botanical remains and palaeoecological reconstructions that shed light on past human-environment interactions. The journal also welcomes manuscripts concerning the examination and geological context of human fossil remains as well as papers that employ analytical techniques to advance understanding of the composition and origin or material culture such as, for example, ceramics, metals, lithics, building stones, plasters, and cements. Such composition and provenance studies should be strongly grounded in their geological context through, for example, the systematic analysis of potential source materials.
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