Geoarchaeology-An International Journal最新文献

{"title":"Operation and decline of the Barbegal mill complex, the largest industrial complex of antiquity","authors":"Cees W. Passchier,&nbsp;Gül Sürmelihindi,&nbsp;Pierre-Louis Viollet,&nbsp;Philippe Leveau,&nbsp;Christoph Spötl","doi":"10.1002/gea.22016","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.22016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Roman mill complex of Barbegal in France is the largest preindustrial structure in Europe. Carbonate incrustations that formed from water flowing through basins, over flumes and waterwheels of the mill complex are partly preserved. The largest carbonate fragments are derived from three wooden flumes that once served the wheels of three mills in a train of eight. The deposits formed from the same water as it moved down from mill to mill. The shape, microstratigraphy and stable isotope patterns of the deposits of each flume reveal a unique history of use for each mill during the last 8 years of operation until their final abandonment. The sidewall carbonate deposits of the flumes vary in shape due to differences in the slope of the flumes during operation, associated with different-size millwheels in different basins. At least one of the flumes must have been mobile and was uplifted to fit a millwheel of a different size. During 8 years, two millwheels were exchanged and one flume was taken out of action. Carbonate deposits from two flumes were subsequently reused for some unknown industrial purpose in a water basin, and one was later embedded as spolia in a building during late antiquity.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 6","pages":"594-608"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.22016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provenance study of marble artifacts from the Berenike (Egypt) archaeological site based on petrographic and isotopic data","authors":"Maciej J. Bojanowski,&nbsp;Sara Mandera,&nbsp;Iwona Zych","doi":"10.1002/gea.22015","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.22015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fragments of marble revetment and floor slabs as well as some broken statuary and vessels were recovered from the excavation of a Roman temple in the harbor town of Berenike on the Red Sea coast of Egypt. Petrographic analyses, including optical, cathodoluminescence, and scanning electron microscopy as well as isotopic analyses (δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr), were conducted to determine the provenance of the marble. The aim was to reconstruct the commercial ties that led to this prized building stone being brought to Berenike. Most, if not all, of the slabs are of banded gray to white marble showing properties indicative of a Prokonnesian origin. This marble, exploited on Marmara Island (Sea of Marmara, Turkey) and extensively utilized throughout the Mediterranean, including Egypt from at least the second century A.D., might have been procured from the marble depots in Alexandria. This could have involved engaging a team of Bithynian master craftsmen for the project, presumably to embellish the main temple of the city during the reign of the Roman emperor Hadrian. The statuary and vessel finds are composed of white marble representing several sources. Some coarse-grained specimens were surely extracted in Prokonnesos. For others, the source is uncertain and the likely candidates are Prokonnesos, Paros (Cyclades, Aegean Sea), and Ephesos (Aegean coast of Asia Minor). The fine-grained varieties represented high-quality Dokimian (Afyon region, Asia Minor) and most likely expensive Parian (<i>lychnites</i> type) marble. Marble from the ancient Gebel Rokham quarries in Egypt was also examined for comparison, but its properties have excluded this source in the case of the marble artifacts from Berenike analyzed in this work.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 6","pages":"576-593"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The geoarchaeology of a terraced landscape: From Aztec Matlatinco to modern Calixtlahuaca By \u0000 Aleksander Borejsza, \u0000 Isabel Rodríguez López, \u0000 Charles D. Frederick, and \u0000 Michael E. Smith, \u0000Salt Lake City: \u0000University of Utah Press. \u0000 2021. pp. \u0000 370. $85 (hardback)","authors":"Antony G. Brown","doi":"10.1002/gea.22007","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.22007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 6","pages":"574-575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140798936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental generation of patina on glass","authors":"Penelope Clifford,&nbsp;Vic Semeniuk","doi":"10.1002/gea.22006","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.22006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Patina formed on ancient glass holds potential to be a useful tool in determining the age of patina and to interpreting its formative environment climatically, pedogenically, hydrochemically and biologically. To date, its usefulness in this regard appears to have been underestimated. However, if patina is to be used as a reliable indicator of age and the environmental conditions underpinning its formation, there needs to be a systematic examination and understanding of its development under controlled laboratory conditions using various types of glass and with various climate types and soil types. As such, to calibrate and interpret the age of patina, processes of its development and products of its formation, we believe that it is useful to produce patina under varying experimental conditions in the laboratory. This paper focuses on the successful experimental development of patina on glass under controlled laboratory conditions and paves the way for further exploration of the rich resource of information that can result from such experimentation. We cannot produce in detail the full range of long-term products of patination.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 6","pages":"565-573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.22006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140610589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wetland landscapes in the Southern Maya Lowlands (Naachtun, Guatemala) from the ancient agroecosystems to the tropical biosphere reserve: Ecology, exploitation and management of water and soil resources, and heritage legacy","authors":"Cyril Castanet,&nbsp;Amaury Fernandes,&nbsp;Fatima Mokadem,&nbsp;Christine Hatté,&nbsp;Caroline Gauthier,&nbsp;Anne-Lise Develle-Vincent,&nbsp;Julien Cavero,&nbsp;Hugo Dru,&nbsp;Clément Virmoux,&nbsp;Gyorgy Sipos,&nbsp;Lydie Dussol,&nbsp;Philippe Nondédéo","doi":"10.1002/gea.22003","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.22003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the Biosphere Reserve of the Maya Lowlands, the large-scale characterisation of the current wetlands ecology and the exploitation and management of their natural resources by the ancient Maya is severely constrained by the forest. This paper presents an integrated geomatic, geoarchaeological and ecological approach, developed to overcome this obstacle in the microregion of the Naachtun Maya city. It is based on the analysis of LiDAR, and field and laboratory data. This approach has revealed the mosaic of current ecological conditions of the wetlands, thanks to the characterisation and spatial modelling of the landforms, hydrology, vegetation and soil cover. It has enabled the characterisation of numerous hydraulic and agricultural structures: 70 large reservoirs, raised fields (the largest over 1.5 km²), canals and ditches (with a cumulative length of over 300 km) and dikes. Eight morphological types of hybrid structures—hydraulic and agricultural—are described. These constructions have enabled the intensive exploitation of water and soil resources, their management and the resulting environmental risks. This study has shown that the agroecosystems of lowland areas were created as early as ~1500 B.C.E. and evolved in a polyphasic way, until a phase of radical decline around 1000 C.E. This study has made it possible to characterise the legacy of the Maya Early Anthropocene on current wetlands, as well as their important natural and cultural heritage.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 5","pages":"530-562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140596193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ceramic vessels of the late antique and early medieval domus in the religious complex of San Pietro (Canusium, Italy): Clayey geosources, local production and imports in northern Apulia","authors":"Elisabetta Gliozzo,&nbsp;Corina Ionescu,&nbsp;Roberta Giuliani,&nbsp;Maria Turchiano","doi":"10.1002/gea.22004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.22004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study broadens our knowledge of the relationship between the clayey georesources available in northern <i>Apulia</i> and the artisanal production of ceramics. The focus is placed on a collection of 6^th and 7^th century A.D. pottery found in the <i>domus</i> excavated within the archaeological complex of Canosa San Pietro (ancient <i>Canusium</i>) in Italy. The integration of the results obtained from this study with those already available made it possible to outline conscious technological choices in terms of raw materials' exploitation, based on which the alluvial deposits were selected for the production of coarse cooking ware and the marine Subapennine clays for the production of fine common ware. This selective choice undoubtedly had a practical implication since it supplied raw materials that required little processing, being already suitable for the type of ceramic to be produced. Moreover, the compositional comparison of investigated pottery with products distributed along the Carapelle valley, rather than those from <i>Canusium</i> previously studied, provides new perspectives for reconstructing the microcirculation of ceramics in northern <i>Apulia</i>. Lastly, the imports of Classe-type pottery, probably from the northern Adriatic area, are worth mentioning since they represent the most consistent distribution of this type of ceramic in southern Italy and may reflect the assiduous pilgrimage of the monastery after the death of Bishop <i>Savinus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 5","pages":"508-529"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.22004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140322438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver mining and landscape changes in medieval Central Europe: Reconstructing ore processing in a buried fir forest on the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands (Koječín, Czech Republic)","authors":"Petr Hrubý,&nbsp;Knut Kaiser,&nbsp;Petr Kočár,&nbsp;Karel Malý,&nbsp;Libor Petr","doi":"10.1002/gea.22002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.22002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study discusses the potential of archaeological organic objects in anthropogenic sediments in terms of research into human impact on the medieval landscape and environment. In the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, at a mid-altitudinal stream valley site (ca. 510 m asl), remains of a cut medieval forest stand with anthropogenic wooden structures and buried by technogenic sediments (e.g., ore, gangue and tailings) were archaeologically excavated. The site was analysed using an interdisciplinary approach, applying methods from archaeology, archaeobotany, sedimentology, pedology and geochemistry as well as dendrochronology and radiometric dating. The vegetation can be reconstructed as forest with a dominance of fir and an admixture of spruce and alder. The surrounding slopes were covered by broadleaf trees. Remains of wooden technical structures, stamped, ground and washed ores and gangue, together with fragments of grinding stones, allow the interpretation of the site as an ore and stamp mill linked to ore washing equipment. This record of a buried medieval fir forest can be likewise used as a historical testimony and analogue for present-day issues on ecology and forestry, aiming at ecological revitalisation and adaptation of forests to ongoing climate change in Central Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 5","pages":"485-507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.22002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140124323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronology of Upper Paleolithic human activities recorded in a stalagmite at Points Cave (Aiguèze, Gard, France)","authors":"Maïlys Richard,&nbsp;Edwige Pons-Branchu,&nbsp;Hélène Valladas,&nbsp;Michael B. Toffolo,&nbsp;Stéphan Dubernet,&nbsp;Arnaud Dapoigny,&nbsp;Jean-Pascal Dumoulin,&nbsp;Pierre-Antoine Beauvais,&nbsp;Julien Monney","doi":"10.1002/gea.22001","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.22001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, we propose an approach to reconstruct the timing of human activity at Points Cave, an Upper Paleolithic rock art site located in the middle of the Ardèche River Gorge (Rhône valley, France), based on the dating and characterisation of a stalagmite containing soot. Points Cave (‘Grotte aux Points’ in French), also called the ‘little sister of Chauvet Cave’, is famous for its parietal art including a series of dots made of palm prints. A large number of stalagmites formed in the cave during the last 500 ka. However, quarrying of the cave floors during historic times led to the partial destruction of the sedimentary deposits, and many of the stalagmites were found lying on the floor. In particular, one of them (STM-18-04) showed the presence of at least four dark layers in cross-section, which appeared as possible remnants of fire-related activities in the cave. Despite being present at the same site, no other specific link between STM-18-04 and the rock art has been documented. This stalagmite, however, allows us to identify phases of human presence, located at the cave entrance. To do so, we performed a series of analyses to determine its period of growth and the nature of the dark layers that it contains. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy confirmed that the dark layers include soot, and uranium-series dating indicated that the fire events occurred, respectively, around 14,200–14,100 and 12,500 years ago, in agreement with the radiocarbon ages of charcoal specimens recovered from the excavation areas nearby. We thus highlighted phases of human activity at the site during the Upper Magdalenian and/or beginning of the Epipaleolithic. By comparing our results with the regional paleoclimatic record, the soot layers trapped in the stalagmite appear to be synchronous with two cold periods, likely the Older Dryas and the Younger Dryas.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 5","pages":"470-484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140073391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of lithic procurement strategies in the Pre-Pyrenean Middle Magdalenian sequence of Cova del Parco (Alòs de Balaguer, Spain)","authors":"Luis M. Jiménez,&nbsp;Xavier Mangado,&nbsp;Cynthia B. González,&nbsp;François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec,&nbsp;Bernard Gratuze,&nbsp;Josep M. Fullola,&nbsp;Marta Sánchez de la Torre","doi":"10.1002/gea.21999","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21999","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Archaeological studies carried out in recent decades have demonstrated that the Pre-Pyrenees, a mountain range in north-east Iberia, were regularly frequented by several human groups during the Late Pleistocene. The Cova del Parco archaeological site is an example of this large-scale and regular human presence. The site was discovered and first excavated in the 1970s, and since the 1980s, a team from the University of Barcelona has been conducting archaeological work. So far, we have found that the site was at least frequented from the Middle Magdalenian upon historical times. In this paper, we present the results of the archaeopetrological, geochemical and geographic information system (GIS) analyses of chert tools ascribed to the Middle Magdalenian sequence. The textural, micropalaeontological and geochemical analysis of the lithic artefacts has allowed us to identify several chert types from local, regional and long-distance sources. Some of these cherts had their origin in the northern slopes of the Pyrenean chain, suggesting that this mountain chain was regularly crossed by Magdalenian groups. Next, we performed GIS analyses to determine the paths and connections that may have linked the archaeological site with the different chert outcrops, and to identify the best routes for crossing the Pyrenean Mountain range. Moreover, this study provides a larger vision of the mobility and the complex economic interactions between the different Magdalenian groups that settled Cova del Parco at the end of the Late Pleistocene.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 5","pages":"453-469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21999","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139954305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The medieval croft plužina field system in a mountain region of central Europe: The interdisciplinary record of the earthen field boundaries in Debrné, Czechia","authors":"Sahar Poledník Mohammadi,&nbsp;Ivana Šitnerová,&nbsp;Lenka Lisá,&nbsp;Jiří Bumerl,&nbsp;Veronika Komárková,&nbsp;Václav Fanta,&nbsp;Tereza Majerovičová,&nbsp;Ján Marko,&nbsp;Piotr Moska,&nbsp;Jaromír Beneš","doi":"10.1002/gea.21998","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21998","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The integration of archaeological, historical and geoarchaeological records represents a significant contribution to research into the medieval landscape. This study focuses on the medieval field system in the deserted village of Debrné, located in northeastern Bohemia, Czechia. The village features a well-preserved croft <i>plužina</i> field system, a typical historical landscape of central Europe. The main and most visible elements of the field system are the earthen field boundaries, which were the focus of the geoarchaeological investigations. Archaeological excavations in trench S1 revealed a collection of larger stones at a depth of 1 m, potentially serving a drainage function akin to the observed <i>plužina</i>. Additionally, a boulder paving, identified as a remnant of a path between fields, provided insights into the historical use of the area. In trench S2, positioned closer to the village's core, layers with increasing stone content were recorded at a depth of 130 cm. However, the drainage structure observed in trench S1 was not replicated. The dating of earthen field boundaries indicated the creation of the terrace in the second half of the 16th century in trench S1. In trench S2, radiocarbon dating at a depth of 70 to 80 cm ranged from 1025 to 1175 A.D., predating the first written source about Debrné. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating in trench S2 suggested exposure to sunlight during the third century A.D. Archaeobotanical analysis of charred macroremains from trench S1 revealed 236 plant macroremains belonging to approximately 20 taxa, showcasing wild-growing, collected useful species such as raspberry, blackberry and elderberry. Trench S2 yielded 23 plant macroremains belonging to 11 taxa, with similar species as trench S1. Pedological and micromorphological examinations displayed distinct layering in both trenches, showing up to six layers. Micromorphological analysis unveiled vuggy microstructures, varying grain sizes and elemental patterns, shedding light on different periods of occupation. Multidisciplinary investigations of the buried soils forming the earthen field boundaries discovered that the original soil cover comprised automorphic lixisols and cambisols, which also form under present conditions. These results underscore the importance of integrating pedological, geoarchaeological, archaeobotanical and physical data to comprehend the intricate nature of anthropogenic landscape changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 4","pages":"428-449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21998","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139954292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}