Geoarchaeology-An International Journal最新文献

{"title":"Patterns of lithic procurement strategies in the Pre-Pyrenean Middle Magdalenian sequence of Cova del Parco (Alòs de Balaguer, Spain)","authors":"Luis M. Jiménez,&nbsp;Xavier Mangado,&nbsp;Cynthia B. González,&nbsp;François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec,&nbsp;Bernard Gratuze,&nbsp;Josep M. Fullola,&nbsp;Marta Sánchez de la Torre","doi":"10.1002/gea.21999","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21999","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Archaeological studies carried out in recent decades have demonstrated that the Pre-Pyrenees, a mountain range in north-east Iberia, were regularly frequented by several human groups during the Late Pleistocene. The Cova del Parco archaeological site is an example of this large-scale and regular human presence. The site was discovered and first excavated in the 1970s, and since the 1980s, a team from the University of Barcelona has been conducting archaeological work. So far, we have found that the site was at least frequented from the Middle Magdalenian upon historical times. In this paper, we present the results of the archaeopetrological, geochemical and geographic information system (GIS) analyses of chert tools ascribed to the Middle Magdalenian sequence. The textural, micropalaeontological and geochemical analysis of the lithic artefacts has allowed us to identify several chert types from local, regional and long-distance sources. Some of these cherts had their origin in the northern slopes of the Pyrenean chain, suggesting that this mountain chain was regularly crossed by Magdalenian groups. Next, we performed GIS analyses to determine the paths and connections that may have linked the archaeological site with the different chert outcrops, and to identify the best routes for crossing the Pyrenean Mountain range. Moreover, this study provides a larger vision of the mobility and the complex economic interactions between the different Magdalenian groups that settled Cova del Parco at the end of the Late Pleistocene.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 5","pages":"453-469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21999","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139954305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The medieval croft plužina field system in a mountain region of central Europe: The interdisciplinary record of the earthen field boundaries in Debrné, Czechia","authors":"Sahar Poledník Mohammadi,&nbsp;Ivana Šitnerová,&nbsp;Lenka Lisá,&nbsp;Jiří Bumerl,&nbsp;Veronika Komárková,&nbsp;Václav Fanta,&nbsp;Tereza Majerovičová,&nbsp;Ján Marko,&nbsp;Piotr Moska,&nbsp;Jaromír Beneš","doi":"10.1002/gea.21998","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21998","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The integration of archaeological, historical and geoarchaeological records represents a significant contribution to research into the medieval landscape. This study focuses on the medieval field system in the deserted village of Debrné, located in northeastern Bohemia, Czechia. The village features a well-preserved croft <i>plužina</i> field system, a typical historical landscape of central Europe. The main and most visible elements of the field system are the earthen field boundaries, which were the focus of the geoarchaeological investigations. Archaeological excavations in trench S1 revealed a collection of larger stones at a depth of 1 m, potentially serving a drainage function akin to the observed <i>plužina</i>. Additionally, a boulder paving, identified as a remnant of a path between fields, provided insights into the historical use of the area. In trench S2, positioned closer to the village's core, layers with increasing stone content were recorded at a depth of 130 cm. However, the drainage structure observed in trench S1 was not replicated. The dating of earthen field boundaries indicated the creation of the terrace in the second half of the 16th century in trench S1. In trench S2, radiocarbon dating at a depth of 70 to 80 cm ranged from 1025 to 1175 A.D., predating the first written source about Debrné. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating in trench S2 suggested exposure to sunlight during the third century A.D. Archaeobotanical analysis of charred macroremains from trench S1 revealed 236 plant macroremains belonging to approximately 20 taxa, showcasing wild-growing, collected useful species such as raspberry, blackberry and elderberry. Trench S2 yielded 23 plant macroremains belonging to 11 taxa, with similar species as trench S1. Pedological and micromorphological examinations displayed distinct layering in both trenches, showing up to six layers. Micromorphological analysis unveiled vuggy microstructures, varying grain sizes and elemental patterns, shedding light on different periods of occupation. Multidisciplinary investigations of the buried soils forming the earthen field boundaries discovered that the original soil cover comprised automorphic lixisols and cambisols, which also form under present conditions. These results underscore the importance of integrating pedological, geoarchaeological, archaeobotanical and physical data to comprehend the intricate nature of anthropogenic landscape changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 4","pages":"428-449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21998","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139954292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coping with marsh floods and fires: Resilience at the pile-dwelling site of Dispilio, Northwestern Greece","authors":"Myrsini Gkouma","doi":"10.1002/gea.21996","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21996","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lacustrine environments are considered favorable locations for Neolithic settlements, constituting a reliable year-round water resource, which contributes to fertile arable land, rich biodiversity, and natural protection. Living by the wetlands, however, is characterized by intensive ecological vulnerabilities, that is, floods and fire events. These recurrent episodes are difficult to trace in the occupation layers since natural processes combined with human activities can form variable mixed microenvironments. Consequently, the direct impact of these events on the biography of the settlement and the decision-making of its inhabitants is understudied. This paper presents a high-resolution, microstratigraphic analysis at the Neolithic pile-dwelling settlement of Dispilio (Kastoria, northern Greece) to trace past ecological threats and unravel the resilience strategies of the lake-dwellers against the continuously altered microenvironments. By correlating the results with regional environmental and cultural events, this paper questions the role of environmental changes as triggers for cultural modifications and considers a wide range of strategies for coping with wetland hazards.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 4","pages":"396-427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139750481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Writ in water—Unwritten histories obtained from carbonate deposits in ancient water systems”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/gea.22000","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.22000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sürmelihindi, G., &amp; Passchier, C. (2024). Writ in water—Unwritten histories obtained from carbonate deposits in ancient water systems. <i>Geoarchaeology</i>, 39, 63–88. https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.21980</p><p>In the published version, the acknowledgments section was missing, which should have been stated as “Funding by the EU scheme of Marie Curie Individual Fellowship AQUEA (890454) and SU864/2-1 is gratefully acknowledged.”</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.22000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139954074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of water extraction technology (spring tunnels) in the Southern Levant during the last three millennia","authors":"Azriel Yechezkel,&nbsp;Amos Frumkin,&nbsp;R. Lawrence Edwards,&nbsp;Xianglei Li,&nbsp;Uzi Leibner","doi":"10.1002/gea.21978","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21978","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A spring tunnel is an ancient water installation used to artificially increase the water yield of a spring through a subterranean tunnel. We have developed a database of 216 spring tunnels documented in the central region of the Southern Levant (present-day Israel), constructed between Iron Age II and the modern era. The study focuses on the evolution of this water installation over a period of 2500 years, examining these constructions from technological, typological, spatial, and cultural perspectives. Within the larger database, 132 spring tunnels have been mapped, from which we present 36 examples selected to outline the typology and chronology of this type of water installation. The findings of the study indicate a diachronic correlation between the distribution of settlement in the mountain region and the number and geographical distribution of spring tunnels. Ethnic and religious changes, and the complexity of the mountain region's population, are also reflected in the use of these water installations. The comprehensive water structure database presented in this article, from a peripheral, yet strategically located region in relation both to the Far East and to West Mediterranean Empires, is used for initial consideration of local initiatives versus the knowledge-transfer process.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 4","pages":"375-395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21978","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139750688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking archaeology and paleoenvironment: Mid-Holocene occupational sequences in the Varamin Plain (Iran)","authors":"Robert Busch,&nbsp;Reinhard Bernbeck,&nbsp;Morteza Hessari,&nbsp;Fabian Kirsten,&nbsp;Christopher Lüthgens,&nbsp;Susan Pollock,&nbsp;Nolwen Rol,&nbsp;Brigitta Schütt","doi":"10.1002/gea.21995","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21995","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Early human habitation of the arid to semiarid Central Iranian Plateau was strongly connected to the availability of water and associated natural hazards, such as flooding and drought events. In this geoarchaeological study, we focus on the occupation at the prehistoric site of Ajor Pazi within the formerly active fluvial environment of the Varamin Plain. Through radiocarbon and luminescence-dated sediment cross-sections, we apply multivariate statistics to sedimentological characteristics of bulk samples collected during a rescue excavation in 2018. Based on facies interpretations, we differentiate depositional processes and present their implications for the environs of Ajor Pazi. Our results show evidence of settlement activities between 6.4 and 5.6 ka cal B.P. (4.4–3.6 ka cal. B.C.E.). Phases of reduced geomorphodynamics can be distinguished when soil-forming processes take place. Our findings provide insights into the hitherto scarcely explored Transitional Chalcolithic II period during which the site of Ajor Pazi emerged and began to shape its environs.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 4","pages":"355-374"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21995","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139750980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bronze Age occupation of the Black Sea coast of Georgia—New insights from settlement mounds of the Colchian plain","authors":"Hannes Laermanns,&nbsp;Mikheil Elashvili,&nbsp;Giorgi Kirkitadze,&nbsp;Christopher P. Loveluck,&nbsp;Simon Matthias May,&nbsp;Daniel Kelterbaum,&nbsp;Revaz Papuashvili,&nbsp;Helmut Brückner","doi":"10.1002/gea.21994","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21994","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Along the lower course of the Rioni and several minor rivers, more than 70 settlement mounds (local name: <i>Dikhagudzuba</i>) have been identified by field surveys and remote sensing techniques. They give evidence of a formerly densely populated landscape in the coastal lowlands on the Colchian plain (western Georgia) and have been dated to the Bronze Age. As yet, limited information is available on their internal architecture, the chronology of the different layers and their palaeoenvironmental context. Based on archaeological sources, remote sensing measurements of three mounds and sediment cores from one mound and its closer surroundings, our study presents a review of the relevant literature and reveals the internal structure, distribution and spatial extent of the mounds. Geochemical and sedimentological analyses of element contents (X-ray fluorescence) and granulometry helped to identify different stratigraphical layers and differentiate between natural facies and anthropogenic deposits; using the Structure-from-Motion technique the mounds' dimensions were calculated. The studied settlement mounds had relatively small dimension (varying from 30 to 100 m in diameter) and were similar in their stratigraphy. Measurement of elements that can identify types of human activity, notably metals and phosphorus, suggest changing intensities of human occupation, pastoral agriculture and metalworking through the occupation sequence. According to the ¹⁴C chronology, the formation of the settlements occurred during the first half of the second millennium B.C., which confirms the archaeological interpretation of their Bronze Age origin. The narrow age difference between the lowermost and uppermost anthropogenic layers indicates an intentional construction of the mounds, rather than a successive accumulation of construction debris due to the disintegration of loam bricks by weathering. Therefore, they are indeed <i>mounds</i> and not <i>tells</i>. It is most likely that the characteristic circular moats that surround them were the source of their construction material. Fluvial and alluvial processes in a warm and humid climate dominated the environment of the mounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"335-350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21994","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139668679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An interdisciplinary approach to the collapse of the port and degradation of freshwater resources at Panama Viejo (Panama), 1519–1671","authors":"Miriam Martos,&nbsp;Bethany Aram,&nbsp;Gonzalo Malvarez","doi":"10.1002/gea.21991","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21991","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Archaeological Site of Panama Viejo (Panama) comprises a protected area of 28 km² within present-day Panama City, on America's Pacific coast. In 1519, the Spaniards founded the city of Panama Viejo to secure a natural port in an area inhabited by indigenous peoples since at least the eighth century CE. The site, along the coastline and between two rivers, became a principal gateway for goods and people travelling between Europe and Pacific settlements to the east (Realejo) and the west (Trujillo, Lima, Arica). Within one century, however, Panama Viejo's natural port and freshwater infrastructure collapsed, leading to the city's relocation after corsairs attacked it in 1671. This study combines archaeological, geographical and historical analyses to explain how and why human interactions with the local environment made the settlement increasingly untenable.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"320-334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21991","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139560531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of water management strategies in southern Mesopotamia during the fourth and third millennium B.C.E.","authors":"Simone Mantellini,&nbsp;Vincenzo Picotti,&nbsp;Abbas Al-Hussainy,&nbsp;Nicolò Marchetti,&nbsp;Federico Zaina","doi":"10.1002/gea.21992","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21992","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The last two decades witnessed increasing scholarly interest in the history of water management in southern Mesopotamia. Thanks to many geoarchaeological research projects conducted throughout the central and southern Iraqi floodplains, a general understanding of the macrophases of anthropogenic manipulation of this vast hydraulic landscape has been achieved. However, current narratives mostly rely on studies at a regional scale and are based on excessively long chronological phases (often spanning a whole millennium). A finer-tuned analysis at a submillennial scale is needed to better appreciate the dynamics that led to the development of artificial canals and irrigation systems and the creation of harbours in cities and other navigation-related facilities. The Iraqi-Italian QADIS project is addressing this issue through a systematic geoarchaeological investigation in the south-eastern area of the Qadisiyah province. We aim to update the current narrative by analysing case studies involving specific periods of occupation. We performed 17 boreholes to propose a date on the functioning period of the hydraulic works in five selected archaeological sites of this region. This approach allowed us to understand changes in water management strategies in both the short and the medium term (i.e., on a scale of centuries). In this paper, we present the results for the fourth and third millennia B.C.E. This period witnessed a crucial passage from the basic exploitation of natural watercourses for irrigation and occasional navigation to the emergence of the first system of artificial canals and intraurban harbours.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"268-299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21992","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139560526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the past through lynchet landscapes in the Vosges Mountains and the Lorraine Plateau (France)","authors":"Benjamin Keller,&nbsp;Robin Vincent,&nbsp;Dominique Schwartz,&nbsp;Damien Ertlen","doi":"10.1002/gea.21993","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gea.21993","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lynchets are ridges formed by erosion and sediment accumulation downstream of agricultural plots and offer valuable insights into past agricultural activity. These microtopographies cover vast areas and serve as indicators of historical changes in land use. As a result, their ubiquity across Europe makes them particularly interesting. In this study, we propose a geoarchaeological approach to analyze six lynchets, four in the Vosges Mountains and two on the Lorraine Plateau (France). The lynchets can be considered soil archives with no stratigraphic organization or chronological sequence from bottom to top, making it difficult to determine the age of the lynchets and identify changes in land use over time. To this end, we propose the analysis of historical and geo-historical archives combined with the “pedosedimentary” archives of lynchets through charcoal identification and dating combined with near-infrared spectroscopy to determine the age, vegetation, and past land use changes associated with lynchet landscapes. By combining these multiple data sources, we are better able to show the chronological development of these ancient agricultural systems and uncover valuable information on landscape history. Charcoal dating suggests a higher frequency of fires from the Middle Ages. The dating aligns with the regional dynamics of anthropogenic fires, indicating a potential use of fire for cultural purposes. We also demonstrate the difficulty of extrapolating the dating of a lynchet to the entire lynchet system. Our results highlight the difficulties of interpreting the formation and dating of lynchets and the lynchet system on the sole basis of charcoal analysis. However, we highlight the value of applying pedoanthracology to lynchets to determine the dynamics of land use change in former fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"300-319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.21993","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139560747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}