地质考古学在解释残缺不全的建筑物和占地表面中的作用:苏格兰东北部沿海定居点的案例

IF 1.4 3区 地球科学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
Vanessa Reid, Karen Milek, Charlotte O'Brien, Óskar G. Sveinbjarnarson, Gordon Noble
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在世界各地,保存较差的建筑和占地沉积物往往是考古结构和定居点的主要证据。综合地质考古方法,如土壤化学和微观形态学,可以最大限度地从这些沉积物中获取有关遗址保存和空间利用的信息。然而,如果考古学家怀疑遗址保存不佳或地层在野外不明显,他们往往不愿意使用这些方法。为了评估地质考古学在解释支离破碎和保存不佳的结构方面所能发挥的作用,本文介绍了两个案例研究的结果,在这两个案例研究中,多种地质考古学方法(微熔渣分析、pH 值、电导率、磁感应强度、点火损失、便携式 XRF 和微形态学)被应用于苏格兰东北部中世纪早期沿海定居点保存不佳的占地沉积物和支离破碎的建筑物。事实证明,微形态学对于识别和了解曾是地面的占地沉积物的成分非常重要。微观形态学还有助于解释空间的使用和维护方法,并增进对影响宏观地层可见度的沉积后过程的了解。在进行主成分分析时,地球化学、磁性和微熔渣数据能够提供有关活动区域的新细节,并成功识别和过滤了中世纪后污染的影响。最重要的是,这种综合方法表明,即使地面保存不够完好,无法在野外或薄切片中清晰界定,残缺不全的建筑和保存较差的占地表面也能保留空间利用的遗存特征。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

The role of geoarchaeology in the interpretation of fragmented buildings and occupation surfaces: The case of coastal settlements in northeast Scotland

The role of geoarchaeology in the interpretation of fragmented buildings and occupation surfaces: The case of coastal settlements in northeast Scotland

Around the world, poorly preserved buildings and occupation deposits often represent the primary evidence for archaeological structures and settlements. Integrated geoarchaeological methods, such as soil chemistry and micromorphology, can be used to maximise the information obtained from such deposits regarding site preservation and the use of space. However, archaeologists are often reluctant to apply these methods if they suspect that preservation is poor or stratigraphy is not visible in the field. To assess the role that geoarchaeology can play in the interpretation of fragmented and poorly preserved structures, this paper presents the results of two case studies in which multiple geoarchaeological methods (microrefuse analysis, pH, electrical conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, loss-on-ignition, portable XRF and micromorphology) were applied to poorly preserved occupation deposits and fragmented buildings in early medieval coastal settlements in northeast Scotland. Micromorphology proved to be fundamental for recognising and understanding the composition of occupation deposits that had formerly been floor surfaces. It also aided interpretations for the use of space and maintenance practices and improved an understanding of the post-depositional processes that had affected stratigraphic visibility at the macroscale. When subjected to principal component analysis, the geochemical, magnetic and microrefuse data were able to provide new details about activity areas, and successfully identified and filtered out the effects of post-medieval contamination. Most significantly, the integrated approach demonstrates that fragmented buildings and poorly preserved occupation surfaces can retain surviving characteristics of the use of space, even if the floor surfaces were not preserved well enough to be clearly defined in the field or in thin section.

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来源期刊
Geoarchaeology-An International Journal
Geoarchaeology-An International Journal 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
5.90%
发文量
51
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Geoarchaeology is an interdisciplinary journal published six times per year (in January, March, May, July, September and November). It presents the results of original research at the methodological and theoretical interface between archaeology and the geosciences and includes within its scope: interdisciplinary work focusing on understanding archaeological sites, their environmental context, and particularly site formation processes and how the analysis of sedimentary records can enhance our understanding of human activity in Quaternary environments. Manuscripts should examine the interrelationship between archaeology and the various disciplines within Quaternary science and the Earth Sciences more generally, including, for example: geology, geography, geomorphology, pedology, climatology, oceanography, geochemistry, geochronology, and geophysics. We also welcome papers that deal with the biological record of past human activity through the analysis of faunal and botanical remains and palaeoecological reconstructions that shed light on past human-environment interactions. The journal also welcomes manuscripts concerning the examination and geological context of human fossil remains as well as papers that employ analytical techniques to advance understanding of the composition and origin or material culture such as, for example, ceramics, metals, lithics, building stones, plasters, and cements. Such composition and provenance studies should be strongly grounded in their geological context through, for example, the systematic analysis of potential source materials.
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