Global and Planetary Change最新文献

{"title":"Basin record of Paleogene plateau development in eastern Tibet","authors":"Xudong Zhao ,&nbsp;Huiping Zhang ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Jianzhang Pang ,&nbsp;Yifei Li ,&nbsp;Jingxing Yu ,&nbsp;Jianguo Xiong ,&nbsp;Peizhen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of high topography in eastern Tibet is a critical expression of the eastward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau. However, both the timing and underlying mechanisms of this surface uplift remain incompletely understood and subject to ongoing debate. Sedimentary basin fills, as direct products of surface erosion, offer valuable archives for reconstructing paleo-landscapes and tracking topographic evolution. In this study, we present new detrital zircon U<img>Pb and apatite fission-track data from non-marine Cenozoic strata of the Shiqu Basin—an isolated intermontane basin situated within the interior of eastern Tibet—to constrain depositional age and sediment provenance. Our data indicate that basin deposition occurred primarily during the Eocene to Early Oligocene, with sediments sourced predominantly from the southeastern Songpan-Ganzi terrane. Integration with regional bedrock thermochronology and stratigraphic records from coeval basins in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau suggest that the development of significant topography in eastern Tibet had already initiated by the Eocene. By the Late Eocene to Early Oligocene, this region had likely evolved into a high-elevation, eastward-tilting landscape similar to that observed today. We infer that this phase of plateau growth was primarily driven by large-scale crustal shortening, potentially coupled with localized crustal flow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 105285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The intensity of the late Holocene drought in northern China related to Arctic Sea ice","authors":"Jiaju Zhao ,&nbsp;Qianwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhongwei Shen ,&nbsp;Zhiping Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Lin Chen ,&nbsp;Jinzhao Liu ,&nbsp;Yunning Cao ,&nbsp;Jing Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the evolution and mechanisms of past droughts can provide critical insights for drought prediction in northern China in the context of global warming. During the late Holocene, drought was frequently in northern China; however, its spatial patterns and intensities have received less attention. Here, we present a high-resolution moisture record based on alkenone proxies from Daihai Lake (Inner Mongolia, China), which indicates a long-term decline in water depth in spring during the late Holocene. Notably, significant reductions in water depth were observed during the periods of ca. 4.3–3.4 cal ka BP, 2.5–2.2 cal ka BP, 1.5–0.8 cal ka BP, and the current warm period. In conjunction with published reconstructed precipitation records for northern China, we found that widespread and severe droughts occurred at ca. 4.3–3.4 cal ka BP, and 1.5–0.8 cal ka BP due to decreased monsoon rainfall, which closely corresponds to the expansion of Arctic sea ice and the weakening of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Additionally, the most widespread and severe drought occurred at the period 1.5 to 0.8 cal ka BP in northern China, possibly linked with the expansion of sea ice in the North Atlantic. Importantly, the intensity of droughts resulting from the weakened summer monsoon circulation in northern China increases with latitude. In the current warm period, the spring water depth of Daihai Lake has reached its lowest level since the late Holocene, likely due to the enhanced evaporation resulting from climate warming. These findings suggest that, under the influence of ongoing global warming, spring drought, along with lake shrinkage and salinization in northern China, may intensify.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 105300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting meridional displacement of the western and eastern North Pacific Subtropical Gyre occurred during ∼4.5–3.5 Ma: A response to strengthened SST gradient","authors":"Ting Chen ,&nbsp;Yixuan Wang ,&nbsp;Ran Wei ,&nbsp;Yi Zhong ,&nbsp;Qingsong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The causes of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG) during the Pliocene remain controversial. The western North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (wNPSG), the dominant conduit for poleward heat and moisture transport, may have modulated NHG development, yet its Pliocene evolution remain unconstrained. In this study, we analyzed diatom assemblage changes along the northern boundary of the wNPSG to investigate its meridional displacement. We compared these changes with those of the eastern NPSG (eNPSG) reconstructed using compiled published sea surface temperature data, and examined their linkages to the NHG. The diatom assemblages indicate a northward expansion of the wNPSG from ∼5.8 Ma to ∼4.5 Ma. This wNPSG expansion coincided with an expansion of the eNPSG, both likely related to global warming. Subsequently, a continued northward expansion of the wNPSG occurred between ∼4.5 Ma and ∼ 3.7 Ma, corresponding to an expansion of the Western Pacific Warm Pool but an eNPSG contraction. These contrasting changes probably linked to stronger easterly trade winds driven by an increased SST gradient between low- to mid-latitudes. We propose that the northward expansion of wNPSG during this period likely suppressed NHG formation until ∼3.7–3.5 Ma by transporting more heat to high latitudes via oceanic and atmospheric circulations. From ∼3.7 Ma to ∼2.5 Ma, diatom assemblages indicate that wNPSG retreated southward, coinciding with the onset of NHG. This study highlights the different behavior of the wNPSG versus the eNPSG during the early Pliocene and its potential role in suppressing the onset of NHG until ∼3.7 Ma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 105316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting global cropland water use efficiency: Insights from satellite remote sensing","authors":"Lingxiao Huang ,&nbsp;Yizhe Wang ,&nbsp;Meng Liu ,&nbsp;Na Yao ,&nbsp;Yunjun Yao ,&nbsp;Zhao-Liang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately quantifying global cropland water use efficiency [WUE, the ratio of gross primary production (GPP) to evapotranspiration (ET)] and understanding its spatiotemporal dynamics are essential for improving agricultural water management. Although remote sensing (RS)-based WUE estimation has gained increasing attention, its ability to reproduce observed WUE over croplands remains poorly understood. Consequently, the widespread misapplication of RS-based WUE may lead to biased interpretations of its global spatiotemporal dynamics. Here, we utilized six state-of-the-art RS-based GPP and ET products (PMLv2 GPP and ET, MODIS GPP and ET, VPM GPP, and GLASS GPP) to generate eight WUE estimates through all possible combinations of four GPP and two ET datasets. These estimates were comprehensively evaluated against observations from 20 cropland flux sites by differentiating between C3 and C4 crops. The best-performing WUE was then used to investigate global cropland WUE dynamics from 2001 to 2016, with commonly used RS-based WUE included for comparison. Results showed that the VPM GPP, which explicitly accounts for physiological differences between C3 and C4 crops, performed significantly better than the other GPP products. As a result, GPP_VPM/ET_PMLv2, which to our knowledge, has not been previously documented, achieved the highest accuracy. In contrast, the most widely used GPP_MODIS/ET_MODIS exhibited poor performance (R² close to zero) and is therefore not suitable for estimating cropland WUE. From 2001 to 2016, GPP_VPM/ET_PMLv2 had a lower global average WUE (1.64 g C kg⁻¹ H₂O) compared to GPP_MODIS/ET_MODIS (1.73 g C kg⁻¹ H₂O) and GPP_PMLv2/ET_PMLv2 (2.07 g C kg⁻¹ H₂O), and was the only combination showing a statistically significant trend (+0.00669 g C kg⁻¹ H₂O, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Our study contributes by (1) providing a reference for selecting appropriate RS-based products for reliable cropland WUE estimation, (2) refining current understanding of global cropland WUE spatiotemporal dynamics, and (3) informing future advancements in RS-based WUE monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 105310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatic regulation of mercury deposition in Cuona Lake from the central Tibetan Plateau during the last 13,000 years: New insights from mercury isotope records","authors":"Ruifang Ma ,&nbsp;Wei Shu ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Hongming Cai ,&nbsp;Jie Huang ,&nbsp;Christophe Colin ,&nbsp;Sophie Sépulcre ,&nbsp;Xinquan Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiubin Chen ,&nbsp;Shichang Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is essential for evaluating global ecological impact through tracing the mercury (Hg) source and transformation in its lake sediments. Cuona Lake, situated at the transition zone of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and the westerlies, provides an ideal natural archive for understanding long-term interactions between Hg deposition and climate change. Our results show that temporal variations of Hg accumulation in a sediment core CN12/01 are influenced by distinct atmospheric patterns since 13 cal ka BP. During ∼13–8 cal ka BP, elevated ∆²⁰⁰Hg and higher smectite/illite ratios indicate that intensified summer monsoon rainfall enhanced atmospheric Hg contributions (41 ± 7%). Increased Zr/Rb ratios coupled with decreased total Hg concentrations (THg) suggest that fine particulates carrying soil-eroded mercury preferentially export downstream. In contrast, during 6–3 cal ka BP, the climatic pattern of the studied area is mainly controlled by the westerlies, showing relatively weakened precipitation associated with depleted ∆²⁰⁰Hg and lower smectite/illite ratios. However, enhanced accumulation of fine particulates (low Zr/Rb ratios) and THg concentrations during this period indicates increased terrestrial mercury retention in the lake sediments. This study proposes that Cuona Lake shifts from functioning as a Hg “transporter” to a “sink” at approximately 6 cal ka BP, coinciding with the climatic transition of ISM-westerlies patterns. This shift represents an important process in regulating the mercury cycle of the terrestrial ecosystems in the TP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 105322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A spike in malformed chitinozoans announces the Ireviken Ocean Anoxic event in the lower Wenlock","authors":"Iris Vancoppenolle ,&nbsp;Poul Emsbo ,&nbsp;Patrick I. McLaughlin ,&nbsp;Tim De Backer ,&nbsp;Carolina Klock ,&nbsp;Mikael Calner ,&nbsp;Bradley D. Cramer ,&nbsp;Axel Munnecke ,&nbsp;Thijs R.A. Vandenbroucke","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Silurian record is punctuated by several large, positive stable carbon isotope excursions that coincide with extinction events. Increasingly, these events are interpreted as Silurian Ocean Anoxic Events (OAEs). Malformed chitinozoans (extinct organic-walled zooplankton) recently emerged as potential early indicators of these biogeochemical disturbances. This study is part of an integrated research effort testing the hypothesis that increased chitinozoan teratology is a hallmark signature of most of these Silurian OAEs. Here we focus on the Ireviken Event (lower Wenlock; 433 Ma).</div><div>Examination of more than 500,000 chitinozoan specimens in 74 samples from the well-studied Lusklint 1 outcrop and the complementary Lusklint-1 core (Gotland, Sweden), allowed their classification into normal, abnormal, and potentially abnormal categories. Ratios of normal versus abnormal chitinozoans across the Ireviken Event reveal malformation concentrations 3 to 33 times higher than background levels. Notably, the rise in teratological forms begins below the lowest conodont extinction datums that traditionally define the onset of the extinction event. This extended anomaly suggests that environmental stress, likely related to marine redox instability and metal contamination, preceded the earliest biotic turnover.</div><div>In vivo teratologic growth is an emerging powerful proxy for identifying original paleo-oceanographic stress. Our findings establish malformed chitinozoans as early harbingers of this pivotal Silurian OAE. By integrating detailed records of teratology with the stratigraphic context of the Ireviken OAE, this study demonstrates that malformations offer a sensitive and underutilized tool for reconstructing the sequence and drivers of Silurian OAEs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 105302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Century-long socioeconomic-air pollution transitions revealed by lake sediments in Northeast China","authors":"Yalan Tang ,&nbsp;Yongming Han ,&nbsp;Yichen Wang ,&nbsp;Dongna Yan ,&nbsp;Shaolong Sun ,&nbsp;Qiyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Dewen Lei ,&nbsp;Hao Peng ,&nbsp;Peng Yao ,&nbsp;Zeyu Liu ,&nbsp;Ulrike Dusek","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the long-term interplay between air pollution and socioeconomic development is essential for evaluating sustainability transitions, yet its long-term dynamics remain poorly understood. Most existing studies rely on static indicators and lack continuous environmental records, limiting the detection of nonlinear transitions and threshold effects. By integrating records of combustion-derived pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, spheroidal carbonaceous particles, and soot with its fossil fraction) collected from a 121-year sediment core in Sihailongwan Maar Lake with historical socioeconomic datasets, this study constructs the coupling index based on the rate of change to characterize the temporal evolution of atmospheric–socioeconomic linkages, and quantifies the relative contributions of key driving factors to historical pollution trends using Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index decomposition. Our results reveal a transition towards weak decoupling in the early 21st century, with an Environmental Kuznets Curve turning point for combustion-derived pollution emerging at a per capita GDP of approximately 11,500–13,320 Yuan (in constant 2015 prices). Decomposition analysis shows that from 1900 to 2021, economic out increased air pollution levels by a factor of 245 and population growth by a factor of 30, whereas controls in energy intensity and emission intensity reduced them by factors of 131 and 117, respectively. This work underscores the potential of geological archives to trace human–environment coevolution, offering insights for addressing sustainability dilemmas in industrial regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 105323"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orbital forcing across a predominantly eolian record of the Eocene–Oligocene transition, Inner Mongolia, China","authors":"Ke Xu ,&nbsp;Nan Wu ,&nbsp;Jianye Ren ,&nbsp;David B. Kemp ,&nbsp;Lin Ye ,&nbsp;Zhongheng Sun ,&nbsp;Xiangrong Yang ,&nbsp;Xianghui Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingsong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Eocene–Oligocene Transition (EOT) marked a critical shift in Cenozoic climate; from a greenhouse to an icehouse state associated with the establishment of a permanent Antarctic ice sheet. On land, this transition drove aridification in inland areas, particularly central Asia. However, the detailed orbital-scale responses to this climate transition in such regions remain poorly understood. In this study, we present high-resolution data on weathering (proxied by Rb/Sr ratios) across the EOT from the mid-latitude and largely eolian Kekeamu section of Inner Mongolia, China. Coupled with previous magnetostratigraphic work, our analysis provides a robust astronomical timescale spanning the EOT. This timescale, coupled with grain size data and facies analysis, allows us to determine the timing of aridification onset in this region as ∼34.4 Ma. Our cyclostratigraphic analysis of high-resolution Rb/Sr data identifies a major orbital forcing transition at ∼33.7 Ma and coincident with the Oi-1 Antarctic glaciation event, which involved a shift from dominant eccentricity to combined influence of eccentricity, obliquity, and precession. The known reduction in greenhouse gas concentrations across the EOT, coupled with the coeval glaciation of Antarctica, likely played crucial roles in driving the orbital transition observed in our eolian EOT record.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105247"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire dynamics and forcing factors in the central Great Khingan Mountains of Northeast China since the Last Glacial Maximum","authors":"Weiwei Sun ,&nbsp;Enfeng Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Ni ,&nbsp;Xianqiang Meng ,&nbsp;Wenfang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yao Wang ,&nbsp;Yunfa Miao ,&nbsp;Enlou Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fire constitutes an important aspect of the Earth systems, exerting significant impacts on climate change, ecosystem dynamics, global biogeochemical cycles and atmospheric composition. Understanding long-term fire dynamics and what drives them is crucial for developing effective strategies to mitigate the future impact of fire under changing climatic conditions. To explain the relationship between fire activity and climate change in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) marginal zone, this study presents a microcharcoal record from Lake Tuofengling, providing a 25.0 kyr reconstruction of fire history in Northeast China. By integrating multiple microcharcoal morphometrics, our findings show that low-frequency, low-intensity mountain forest fires dominated from 24.8 to 14.1 cal ka BP, followed by an increased occurrence of more intensive fires after 13.8 cal ka BP. Sub-orbital scale analysis also reveals that enhanced Holocene fire activity was primarily driven by increased vegetation cover and consequent biomass accumulation in the forest-steppe ecotone under warmer and wetter climatic conditions. This pattern aligns with global observations from other EASM marginal zones and biomass-limited ecosystems, but contrasts with the pattern observed in the EASM core region, where fire activity peaked during drier and colder periods. Projected global warming is likely to promote the growth of vegetation, thereby increasing fire risks and associated carbon emissions across the EASM marginal regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoupling of the relationship between canopy and stem growth in broadleaf trees under humid conditions","authors":"Shengjie Wang ,&nbsp;Chenxi Xu ,&nbsp;Yuanqiao Li ,&nbsp;Jiayan Shen ,&nbsp;Jia Tang ,&nbsp;Shuai Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tree stems act as the primary carbon storage organs, with leaf growth variability regulating storage intensity. However, how environmental factors influence carbon storage via leaf growth remains unclear. This study examines the relationship between tree stem growth (tree-ring width index, RWI) and leaf growth (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) across different forest types globally. We analyzed the potential influencing factors of this relationship and identified the pathway from environmental conditions to leaves and then stems. We found that MODIS NDVI, with higher spatial resolution, better reflects stem growth in broadleaf forests, while GIMMS NDVI, with a longer time series, is more effective in characterizing stem growth in coniferous forests. Forest type and moisture availability are the dominant factors shaping the leaf-stem growth relationship. Coniferous trees growing under increasingly drier conditions, with higher tree density and poorer soil fertility, tend to exhibit a stronger coupling between leaf and stem growth. Further analysis showed that in moist environments, especially in broadleaf forests, leaf and stem growth become increasingly decoupled. In contrast, conifers maintain stronger coordination. This may be related to trade-offs in resource allocation driven by the varying relative importance of external environmental stress and internal biological connections affecting leaf and stem growth under different moisture conditions. Leaf growth is influenced by soil moisture, soil temperature, and air temperature, but their relative contributions vary across forest types and moisture regimes. These findings suggest caution when using leaf growth (e.g., NDVI) as a proxy for forest productivity in humid broadleaf ecosystems, where decoupling may mask actual carbon allocation patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105233"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}