Global and Planetary Change最新文献

{"title":"The impacts of volcanism on hydrocarbon-bearing sedimentary basins - Examples from the world-class Neuquén Basin case study, Argentina","authors":"Olivier Galland ,&nbsp;Sabina Chiacchiera ,&nbsp;Hernán de la Cal ,&nbsp;Dougal A. Jerram ,&nbsp;Ezequiel Lombardo ,&nbsp;J. Octavio Palma ,&nbsp;Gisel Peri ,&nbsp;Ole Rabbel ,&nbsp;Juan B. Spacapan ,&nbsp;Maria Dolores Vallejo ,&nbsp;Daniel Yagupsky ,&nbsp;Alain Zanella","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The last two decades of research have highlighted that volcanism occurring in sedimentary basins can have substantial effects on sedimentary formations. In particular, igneous intrusions can trigger the generation of large amounts of greenhouse gases in organic-rich host rocks, leading to dramatic climate change and mass extinctions. Volcanism can also have significant impacts on hydrocarbon-bearing sedimentary basins. The Neuquén Basin, Argentina, is a well-studied example of a hydrocarbon-producing sedimentary basin hosting massive volcanism. The combination of substantial industry subsurface data and high-quality outcrops makes the Neuquén Basin an exceptional geological object to study magma-sedimentary rock interactions and their implications to hydrocarbon systems. This contribution reviews well-studied examples from the Neuquén Basin that illustrate: (1) thermal effects of sills on maturation of the organic matter of the source rock, (2) fracturing processes in igneous intrusions and the host rock, (3) sills as producing fractured reservoirs, (4) intrusion-induced doming as structural trap or as potential fractured reservoir, (5) fluid migration along igneous intrusions, (6) reservoir compartmentalization induced by dykes, (7) generation of bitumen dykes in vicinity of intrusions, and (8) improvement of geophysical imaging using large-scale outcrops.</div><div>All in all, our review documents various effects of magma-rock interactions in hydrocarbon-bearing sedimentary basins, and highlights the significant scientific value of the Neuquén Basin as a world-class case study for unravelling processes of magma-rock interactions in hydrocarbon-bearing sedimentary basins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105218"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative pollen productivity estimates and quantitative land-cover reconstruction over the past millennium in cold-temperate coniferous forest in Northeast China","authors":"Yuanhao Sun ,&nbsp;Jiheng Shi ,&nbsp;Qinghai Xu ,&nbsp;Jingyi Liu ,&nbsp;Zili Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Pang ,&nbsp;Jia Hao ,&nbsp;Shengrui Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianhui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Relative pollen productivity (RPP) is a key parameter for reconstructing past vegetation and land-cover using fossil pollen records. Despite the ecological importance of cold-temperate coniferous forests in mid- to high-latitude regions, few RPP estimates exist for the major taxa in these ecosystems in East Asia. Based on pollen data from 39 moss polsters and vegetation surveys from 1048 quadrats and transects in the Greater Khingan Mountains in Northeast China, we estimated the relevant source area of pollen (RSAP) and the RPP of 6 major woody taxa in cold-temperate coniferous forest, using the Extended R-Value (ERV) model. The most robust pollen-vegetation relationships were obtained using ERV sub-model 1 and the inverse distance (1/d) weighting of vegetation data, resulting in an estimated RSAP of 745 m. The RPP values, relative to <em>Betula</em> (set as 1), were as follows: <em>Pinus</em> (0.3593 ± 0.015), <em>Quercus</em> (0.0925 ± 0.0122), <em>Picea</em> (0.0655 ± 0.0092), <em>Larix</em> (0.0247 ± 0.0015), and <em>Alnus</em> (0.0010 ± 0.0082). Comparison with RPP studies from other temperate forests revealed substantial spatial variability, likely driven by differences in plant community composition and structure. Among different vegetation types, the high cover and wide distribution of the dominant plants can contribute substantially to the regional background pollen loading, leading to higher RPP values. Moreover, pollen taxa with high dispersal ability, such as <em>Pinus</em>, may exhibit higher RPP values within its low-cover communities due to their effective dispersal and deposition processes. To evaluate the reliability and applicability of RPP-based quantitative land-cover reconstructions, we further reconstructed the land-cover changes over the past millennium in the Moon Lake area of the Greater Khingan Mountains. The reconstruction results based on surface samples were very similar to modern vegetation survey data. Comparison with paleoclimate records indicated that warm and humid periods promoted regional vegetation expansion, particularly <em>Quercus</em> and <em>Pinus</em>, whereas colder intervals promoted the spread of <em>Larix</em>. The increase in <em>Betula</em> during the Current Warm Period diverges from long-term historical patterns—likely reflecting the combined effects of both climate warming and intensified human disturbance. These findings underscore the great potential of RPP-based land-cover reconstructions for revealing past vegetation patterns and related ecological processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105257"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing syn-volcanic palaeosurfaces using monogenetic volcanic landforms: a methodological study and inferences for neotectonic deformation (Western Pannonian Basin, Hungary)","authors":"Gábor Csillag ,&nbsp;Károly Németh ,&nbsp;Krisztina Sebe ,&nbsp;Tamás Telbisz ,&nbsp;Zsófia Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger ,&nbsp;László Fodor","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The analysis of basaltic volcanic edifices and connected landforms are important and useful not only in volcanic reconstruction but also in tracking past denudation surfaces, their evolution, deformation and gradual dissection by drainage incision and deflation. The Bakony-Balaton Highland and Little Hungarian Plain Volcanic Fields are two typical phreatomagmatic monogenetic intracontinental volcanic fields located in the western Pannonian Basin, Central Europe. These Late Miocene-Pliocene (7.96–2.61 Ma) volcanic fields comprise diverse monogenetic volcanic landforms, including shield volcanoes, maar diatremes, volcanic plugs and erosional remnants of scoria and spatter cones. Detailed and systematic spatial-temporal analysis of volcanic facies within individual volcanoes across the two volcanic fields were used to reconstruct the topographic position of the <em>syn</em>-volcanic palaeosurface upon which the volcanoes developed. Considering the previously published age of the volcanic rocks (constrained by K<img>Ar, Ar<img>Ar geochronology, palaeontology, and magnetostratigraphy) and the palaeo-elevations, averaged uplift rates were derived for all data points. As the northwestern part of the area (Little Hungarian Plain Volcanic Field) first experienced subsidence and fluvial sediments interfingered with volcanic rocks, this initial phase was corrected for in uplift rate calculations. From the spatially and temporally scattered data points the position of palaeosurfaces were reconstructed on maps and cross-sections at 4 selected time slices using the subsidence and uplift rate values. The developed modelling method allows the reconstruction of palaeosurfaces for any chosen time point within the time range of the data points and can be used for datasets with uneven temporal distribution as well.</div><div>The reconstructed palaeosurfaces and the calculated rock uplift rates show spatial and temporal variations from ∼20 to ∼100 m/Ma. Before ∼3.5 Ma the Bakony-Balaton Highland and Little Hungarian Plain Volcanic Field showed opposite differential vertical motions having been positive and negative, respectively. After ∼3.5 Ma all areas underwent uplift, but the south-western part exhibits larger uplift values than the north-eastern one. This complex differential vertical motion history points to the interplay of complex governing processes. These could involve the intraplate compressional stress related to neotectonic basin inversion and crustal and mantle processes at depth, coupled with surface processes like variable unloading by denudation and loading by sedimentation in the axial and marginal parts of the area, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pleistocene sediment transport dynamics in the western Arctic Ocean","authors":"Duanping Shi ,&nbsp;Wenshen Xiao ,&nbsp;Matt O'Regan ,&nbsp;Leonid Polyak ,&nbsp;Rujian Wang ,&nbsp;Li Wu ,&nbsp;Renhui Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the Arctic Ocean response to Quaternary climate change (past ∼1.9 Ma), sediment transport and deposition was investigated in two sediment cores from the Canada and Makarov Basins using end-member modelling of grain size spectra. Four end-members were identified and interpreted as proxies for sea ice transport of sediments entrained by suspension freezing (clayey EM1) and anchor ice (coarse-silty EM3), near-bottom current transport (fine-silty EM2) and iceberg rafting (sandy EM4). Sea ice deposition from suspension freezing and anchor ice transport exhibit opposing long-term trends, with an overall decline in anchor ice. We infer that perennial sea ice expansion suppressed anchor ice but not suspended sediment transport. Interglacial conditions (enhanced ventilation, broader continental shelves) promoted anchor ice formation, whereas glacial environments limited overall sea ice sediment release. Near-bottom currents and iceberg transport are inversely correlated, with coarse ice rafted debris (IRD) peaking during glacial/deglacial periods. Iceberg transport proxies and sediment provenance indicate persistent circum-Arctic ice sheet expansion during the last ∼600–700 ka, after the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT). These results are consistent with geological and modelling data for the Eurasian and North American ice sheet history. Iceberg transport also varied with changes in surface circulation. Anticorrelation with bottom currents indicates that periods of iceberg discharge suppressed deep-water convection, thus weakening bottom currents. These changes are linked to the overall intensification of the Pleistocene Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Massive glacial meltwater fluxes into the North Atlantic weakened the formation of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), and thus the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The reduced northward heat transport enhanced perennial sea ice expansion and diminished near bottom current activity, as reflected in the Arctic Ocean sediment records.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and climate dependency of water isotope fractionation between precipitation and vapor in East Asia based on explainable machine learning","authors":"Kun Liu ,&nbsp;Shengjie Wang ,&nbsp;Jinzhao Liu ,&nbsp;Kei Yoshimura ,&nbsp;Haixiang Jie ,&nbsp;Yudong Shi ,&nbsp;Shijun Lei ,&nbsp;Yao Cheng ,&nbsp;Liwei Wang ,&nbsp;Mingjun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes are effective tracers in the hydrological and atmospheric processes in the Earth system sciences. Stable water isotope fractionations between precipitation and water vapor are usually assumed in an equilibrium or non-equilibrium situation. However, due to the limited synchronous observations, the spatial and climate dependency of equilibrium versus non-equilibrium fractionation models under natural conditions remains insufficiently assessed. In this study, we compiled over 19,000 precipitation isotope records across East Asia and reconstructed vapor isotopes using both equilibrium and non-equilibrium models. Our results show that the non-equilibrium model performs better near the surface at the daily scale (<em>r</em> &gt; 0.7), particularly under low-humidity conditions, but its accuracy decreases with altitude. Further analysis using the classification prediction (LightGBM, area under curve &gt; 0.8) and the SHAP (Shapley additive explanations) method identifies relative humidity as the dominant factor of model applicability. Based on Gini threshold analysis, we quantify the applicability thresholds and regional differences of fractionation models: the non-equilibrium model dominates when relative humidity is below 65%, whereas the equilibrium model is more suitable under higher humidity. The geographic boundary of the recommended fractionation models largely coincides with the transitional belt between arid and humid regions. Our findings enhance the understanding of precipitation–vapor isotope dynamics in monsoon regions like East Asia, and provide methodological guidance for isotope-based studies of the water cycle and paleoclimate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105213"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algal reorganization in post-crisis Early Triassic oceans revealed by biomarker evidence","authors":"Yizhou Huang ,&nbsp;B. David A. Naafs ,&nbsp;Li Tian ,&nbsp;Stephen E. Grasby ,&nbsp;David P.G. Bond ,&nbsp;Paul B. Wignall ,&nbsp;Michael J. Benton ,&nbsp;Richard D. Pancost","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The end-Permian mass extinction (EPME) fundamentally reshaped marine ecosystems. However, the long-term response of eukaryotic algae, a key foundation for marine primary production, is poorly understood. To address this limited knowledge, we determine the long-term change in algal communities using molecular fossil steranes. We use samples that span the uppermost Permian to the Lower Triassic from sections that were located in Boreal Sea (Sverdrup Basin, Arctic Canada) as well as the tropical Tethys (Xiakou, South China), and complement these new data with published datasets. Sterane to hopane ratios, reflecting the relative contribution of eukaryotic algal to bacterial sources, vary in absolute values between sites but show no significant decrease in the earliest Griesbachian compared to the pre-crisis Permian. However, Early Triassic ratios changed dramatically. In the Sverdrup Basin, they were stable during the Griesbachian and, following an interval where both hopane and sterane concentrations diminished, became much higher in the late Spathian. This confirms suggestions that there was a major decline in algal productivity after the EPME that may have delayed recovery. Sterane C₂₈/C₂₉ ratios, which monitor algal composition, increase at the EPME level in Meishan and are generally higher in the rest of the Early Triassic in the Sverdrup Basin and Chaohu. The increase shows that algae that preferentially produce C₂₈ over C₂₉ sterols were thriving, possibly including those predominant in modern oceans. It further implies a reorganized marine algal community–apparently in the tropics and in the post-crisis interval in the Boreal realm. Our findings suggest that instead of a simple collapse and recovery, the Early Triassic saw a complicated reorganisation for algae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145619491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Late Pliocene with AWI-CM3 as a contribution to PlioMIP3 core experiments","authors":"Fernanda DI Alzira Oliveira Matos ,&nbsp;Christian Stepanek ,&nbsp;Sven Harig ,&nbsp;Jan Streffing ,&nbsp;Qiong Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenqian Wang ,&nbsp;Katherine Power ,&nbsp;Tido Semmler ,&nbsp;Dmitry Sidorenko ,&nbsp;Patrick Scholz ,&nbsp;Sergey Danilov ,&nbsp;Paul Gravis ,&nbsp;Gerrit Lohmann","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105196","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Late Pliocene, particularly the Marine Isotope Stage KM5c (3.205 Ma BP) has been increasingly proposed as an analog to future climate change, especially considering changes in the hydrological cycle, monsoon systems, and atmospheric and ocean warming above Pre-Industrial (1850 CE) and historical levels. The Pliocene Modeling Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP), now in its third phase (PlioMIP3), seeks to explore climate of the Pliocene based on a combination of climate model simulations and proxy data reconstructions. One of its goals is also to assess the analogy between past and future climates and to quantify climate sensitivity to Pliocene boundary conditions. This work shall help to improve climate models and their application for both past and future warm climates and to provide a paleoclimate-informed assessment of uncertainties in modeled warm climates. With this manuscript we present the PlioMIP3 core simulations for the pre-industrial control (PI) and the Late Pliocene (LP) based on the AWI Climate Model, Version 3 (AWI-CM3). This represents the first application of AWI-CM3 at tectonic timescales which necessitates more extensive adjustment of model setups than the application for recent climate. We therefore take advantage of the opportunity to also document more generally the methods we devised to generate AWI-CM3 model setups for paleoclimate research under geographies that differ from the modern reference state. AWI-CM3 simulates a Late Pliocene climate that is about 4&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;°C warmer than the pre-industrial reference, with land warming exceeding ocean warming by a factor of 1.2. Polar amplification is particularly pronounced, with Antarctic surface air temperature anomalies exceeding 6&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;°C while Arctic anomalies reach 4&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;°C to 5&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;°C. In comparison to the previous PlioMIP2, this places AWI-CM3 among the warmer ensemble members, consistent with a relatively high equilibrium climate sensitivity of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∼&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 4&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;°C. Our simulations also display an intensified hydrological cycle, with global mean precipitation increasing by 0.31&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;mm&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;d&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;. The ocean surface warms globally to about 3.06&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;°C, accompanied by contrasting salinity trends, with salinization of the North Atlantic (+3 PSU) and freshening of the Arctic (–2.5 PSU) and Indian (–1 PSU) Oceans. Additionally, the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) reorganizes, with the Atlantic MOC strengthening by about 8&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;Sv, the Pacific MOC remaining inactive, and the global Antarctic Bottom Water cell being substantially reduced (11&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;Sv weaker relative to PI). We find reduced global sea-ice extent, that is halved with respect to PI in the Southern Hemisphere, and enhanced northward ocean heat transport in the North Atlantic. Overall, AWI-CM3 reproduces the large-scale climate features of the Late Pliocene inferred from proxy records and the PlioMIP2 ensemble, ","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145613696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation ecosystem responses to climate-human interactions since the Late Holocene from peat record of Niangniang Mountain, western Guizhou","authors":"Yuanfu Yue ,&nbsp;Shixiong Yang ,&nbsp;Liuying He ,&nbsp;Zhuo Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Cong Chen ,&nbsp;Qiuchi Wan ,&nbsp;Yongjie Tang ,&nbsp;Kangyou Huang ,&nbsp;Fang Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a high-resolution multi-proxy analysis of a peat core from Niangniang Mountain in western Guizhou, China, to reconstruct vegetation dynamics, fire history, and human-environment interactions over the past 3400 years. By integrating pollen, charcoal, and sedimentological analyses, we identify four distinct phases of ecosystem change. Phase I (∼3400–3200 cal yr BP) was characterized by stable, warm-humid conditions supporting dense subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests (dominated by <em>Quercus</em>-E and <em>Castanopsis/Lithocarpus</em>) with minimal natural fire activity. Phase II (∼3200–2100 cal yr BP) marked a transition to cooler-drier conditions, evidenced by declining evergreen taxa, expansion of <em>Pinus</em> and grasslands, and increased fire frequency, likely amplified by early human activities. Phase III (∼2100–600 cal yr BP) saw sustained conifer dominance and grassland expansion under cool-dry climates, but fire activity paradoxically declined, possibly due to fuel limitation or land-use changes. Phase IV (∼600 cal yr BP–present) recorded dramatic anthropogenic transformation, with <em>Pinus</em> peaking, evergreen taxa collapsing, and macroscopic charcoal (&gt;125 μm) appearing, reflecting intensive agriculture during the Ming-Qing dynasties. Biodiversity trends revealed non-linear responses: low richness in stable climates (Phase I), intermediate peaks during transitional periods (Phase II), and maximum diversity in anthropogenic landscapes (Phase IV). The study highlights the interplay of monsoon variability and human activities in shaping subtropical ecosystems, with anthropogenic impacts have become dominant in recent centuries. These findings underscore the importance of local context in understanding long-term ecosystem resilience and biodiversity dynamics in monsoon-sensitive regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying volcanism during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 constrained by sedimentary mercury","authors":"Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Hanwei Yao ,&nbsp;Yinggang Zhang ,&nbsp;Paul R. Bown ,&nbsp;Stephen E. Grasby ,&nbsp;Runsheng Yin ,&nbsp;Kaibo Han ,&nbsp;Huifang Guo ,&nbsp;Chengshan Wang ,&nbsp;Xi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2, ca. 94 Ma) is one of the most significant carbon cycle perturbations during the Mesozoic Era. It is widely considered to have been triggered by large igneous provinces (LIPs) volcanism. However, quantifying the pattern and magnitude of LIPs volcanic activity remain insufficiently understood. Here, we model sedimentary mercury enrichment and mercury isotope variations across OAE 2 to quantitatively evaluate the LIPs volcanism. Our global oceanic Hg box modeling results suggest an 8–16-fold increase (∼2480–4960 Mg yr⁻¹) in volcanic Hg inputs to the atmosphere and ocean in the lead-up to the OAE onset. The global Hg enrichment factor (Hg-EF) data exhibit spatial heterogeneity during OAE 2. The lack of globally uniform Hg enrichment underscores the complex interplay between volcanism style (submarine vs. subaerial), paleogeographic isolation, and proximity to LIPs during OAE 2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145651160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intense wildfire response to Early Jurassic hyperthermal events with impact on floral turnover","authors":"Meng Li ,&nbsp;Yihong Liu ,&nbsp;Stephen P. Hesselbo ,&nbsp;Longyi Shao ,&nbsp;Micha Ruhl ,&nbsp;Wenjin Liu ,&nbsp;Di Gao ,&nbsp;Chao Liu ,&nbsp;Juan Wang ,&nbsp;Yonghong Li ,&nbsp;Weichao Wang ,&nbsp;Mingjie Li ,&nbsp;Jienan Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperthermal warming and biotic crisis occurred immediately before and during the Early Jurassic Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) at ∼183 Ma. Wildfire episodes have been evidenced for hyperthermal events in the geological past which is associated with mass extinction. However, the impact of the T-OAE on wildfire occurrence and the processes that led to biotic crisis, especially floral turnover, are not yet well understood. Here we present high-resolution analyses of fossil charcoal, maceral inertinite, reflectance (R_o), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the Pliensbachian–Toarcian interval, together with bulk organic carbon isotopes for the Dameigou section of the Qaidam Basin, China. These rocks record prominent changes before, during and after the T-OAE. Wildfire activity evolved from moderate low-temperature wildfires of the Pliensbachian, to intense high-temperature wildfires in the Early Toarcian, and to high-frequency but suppressed low-temperature wildfires in the Late Toarcian. These findings indicate that intense wildfires in the East Tethyan hinterland occurred during the Early Toarcian due to hyperthermal warming and aridity, probably linked to the intensive Karoo-Ferrar volcanism. The coincidence of the terrestrial floral turnover with intense wildfires in the Qaidam Basin suggest that wildfire during the Early Toarcian was one of the important factors governing the terrestrial biotic crisis. Further, widespread variegated rocks after the T-OAE in the East Tethyan inland basins indicate the scarcity of organic matter influx and, at least locally, there was a delayed recovery of land vegetation ecosystems. Our results imply that wildfire played an important role in both the deforestation and the later suppressed recovery of land plant ecosystems during the late Early Jurassic in the Qaidam Basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 105256"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}