Global and Planetary Change最新文献

{"title":"Unraveling lead sources in a tropical urban Swamp Forest: Insights and challenges","authors":"Canh Tien Trinh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Mengli Chen ,&nbsp;Chris Gouramanis ,&nbsp;Gonzalo Carrasco ,&nbsp;Robert J. Wasson ,&nbsp;Alan D. Ziegler","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the contributions of natural (geogenic) and anthropogenic sources of lead (Pb) to the Nee Soon Swamp Forest, a relatively undisturbed catchment in Singapore. Using a Bayesian statistical source tracking approach with Pb isotopes preserved in sediment sections, our findings reveal a predominance of geogenic Pb in contemporary sediments, despite the significant presence of anthropogenic Pb in aerosols from local and distant sources. However, the geogenic Pb isotope signatures of the two main soil types in the catchment overlap with those of anthropogenic sources, introducing considerable uncertainty in using Pb isotopes as tracers within this catchment and potentially across larger areas. This uncertainty raises concerns about past interpretations of Pb contamination in both terrestrial and aquatic environments in Singapore and the broader region. To address these challenges, we emphasize the importance of accurately determining the signatures of all natural sources before using Pb isotopes as tracers in future studies. We also suggest that incorporating additional Pb isotope ratios or other stable isotope ratios (e.g., Ba, Cu, Sr, Zn) could enhance our ability to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic Pb sources. Ultimately, our study highlights the complexity of Pb sources in the environment and underscores the need for more comprehensive approaches to assessing their impacts.</div></div><div><h3>Synopsis</h3><div>This paper highlights insights and challenges in lead (Pb) source tracing studies conducted in urban catchments. These challenges primarily stem from the inadequate identification of all Pb isotope sources. We address these challenges by employing a Bayesian statistical approach to effectively identify, discriminate, and quantify Pb sources within a wetland ecosystem in Singapore.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104629"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative contributions of different atmospheric circulation systems to Holocene aeolian activity in northwestern China: Evidence from a closed interdune lake in the Tengger Desert hinterland","authors":"Bing Liu ,&nbsp;Yongtao Zhao ,&nbsp;Aimin Liang ,&nbsp;Aijun Sun ,&nbsp;Zhengcai Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianhui Ge ,&nbsp;Hui Zhao ,&nbsp;Fahu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aeolian deserts of northwestern China are major landscape types in the arid regions of the Northern Hemisphere, and collectively they are one of the largest dust source regions on Earth. However, owing to occurrence of sedimentary hiatuses within aeolian deposits in the deserts, we lack clear knowledge of the history of Holocene aeolian activity and the interaction between aeolian processes and their potential drivers. In this study, we extracted an environmentally sensitive grain-size component from the sediments of a closed interdune lake in the hinterland of the Tengger Desert. Our methodology included the application of End Member Analysis (EMA) of different modern sediment types from catchment to regional scales. We reconstructed aeolian activity over the past 13 cal ka BP and quantified the contributions of environmental factors. The results indicated that the EM 2 fraction of the interdune lake sediments is mainly transported by local winds and reflects changes in the intensity of aeolian activity. Based on EM 2 the strongest aeolian activity occurred during 13.0–7.0 cal ka BP, especially during 8.0–7.0 cal ka BP, and the weakest activity occurred during 7.0–3.5 cal ka BP. Aeolian activity increased after 3.5 cal ka BP, but with a gradually weakening trend. The occurrence of the weakest aeolian activity in the Tengger Desert during the Middle Holocene differs from that on the Asian Summer Monsoonal Boundary and in the area influenced by the Westerlies-dominated climate regime. Thus, there was a clearly defined spatio-temporal differentiation of Holocene aeolian activity across the deserts and dune fields of northern China. Quantitative analysis of the contributions of the potential drivers indicated that wind activity forced by different atmospheric circulation systems, rather than changes in vegetation cover, were the most important driver of regional aeolian activity, although their relative effects varied during the Holocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104621"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can wood harvest followed by forest regrowth enhance carbon sequestration of the forest sector in China?","authors":"Mengyu Wang ,&nbsp;Chao Yue ,&nbsp;Junhao He ,&nbsp;Pengyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Mengyang Xu ,&nbsp;Yu Li ,&nbsp;Jiaming Wang ,&nbsp;Lele Wang ,&nbsp;Can Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest management policies play a crucial role in enhancing the carbon sequestration capacities of forests. China's current harvest-prohibitive policies may result in the development of old-growth forests and the eventual saturation of their carbon stocks. This study combines empirically derived forest biomass growth models, spatially explicit information on forest age and live biomass carbon stock, and life cycle analysis to explore whether wood harvesting followed by forest regrowth can enhance carbon sequestration in the forest sector for 2021–2060 in China, by accounting for carbon stock changes in both live biomass and harvested wood products (HWP). The results showed that the net effect of wood harvesting on carbon sequestration, compared to that without any harvesting, is crucially dependent on the half-life of HWP and, secondarily, on harvest intensity. The ‘no-harvest’ scenario will enable 9.58 Pg more carbon to be stored in the forest live biomass by 2060 compared to that in 2020. Wood harvesting under the current average half-life of HWP in China (12.5 years) will enhance the forest sector's capability to sequester carbon with a light harvest intensity and diminish it with an intensive harvest intensity. However, the carbon sequestration capacity of the forest sector would increase, irrespective of the harvest intensity, if the HWP half-life could be doubled (25 years) or even quadrupled (50 years). Our findings highlighted the potential positive role of wood harvesting in increasing the carbon sequestration capacity of the forest sector in China and provide useful perspectives for drafting national forest management policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104626"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-proxy reconstructions of paleotemperature in the southern South China Sea since the last deglaciation","authors":"Liping Tian ,&nbsp;Yingxue Yang ,&nbsp;Li Li,&nbsp;Yanming Ruan,&nbsp;Juan He,&nbsp;Guodong Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accuracy of paleothermometers is a prerequisite for understanding the past sea surface temperature (SST) changes in the tropical seas. Here, we analyzed the SST estimates reconstructed by four lipid proxies with common linear and newly advanced models in parallel in a sediment core collected from the southern South China Sea (SCS). After excluding the impact of terrestrial input, all of the four proxies-inferred SSTs displayed a gradually warming pattern since 18.3 ka. Our long-chain alkenones-derived annual SST at seawater depth of 0–30 m (SST _{0–30 m}) record closely matched the regional synthetic SST record from the entire southern SCS, corresponding to high-latitude climate events during the deglaciation. The temperatures reconstructed by long-chain diols (LCDs) showed an upper limit of 27 °C, and we thus proposed that they reflected the optimal survival temperature for organisms producing LCDs when SST was higher than 27 °C. Isoprenoid and hydroxy glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (iGDGTs and OH-GDGTs)-derived temperatures likely reflected the subsurface temperature (subT) at seawater depth of 30–125 m and SST towards the warm season in the tropical sea, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104620"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved instantaneous gross primary productivity model considering the difference in contributions of sunlit and shaded leaves to canopy sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence","authors":"Xiaoping Wang ,&nbsp;Zhi Li ,&nbsp;Fei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) from plants offers an effective proxy for estimating gross primary productivity (GPP) by modeling SIF-GPP relationships, a widely used method to evaluate the global carbon sink. However, most SIF-GPP models ignore SIF differences between shaded and sunlit leaves, resulting in GPP underestimation, particularly in dense vegetation. This study aims to partition the contributions of sunlit and shaded leaves to canopy SIF and GPP to refine the SIF-GPP estimation model. Data from 40 eddy covariance (EC) sites representing eight major biomes and TROPOMI SIF satellite data were used for site-specific and global-scale analyses. Our results showed that the contributions of sunlit and shaded leaves to canopy SIF were 80 % and 20 %, and to canopy GPP were 55 % and 45 %, respectively. For site-specific or satellite data, the SIF-GPP relationships were the strongest for sunlit leaves (R² &gt; 0.51, RMSE = 4.03 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The new SIF-GPP model, including sunlit-shaded SIF separation, can improve the accuracy of GPP estimation (R² = 0.53, RMSE = 4.38 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Compared with the model established with observed data, R² was increased by 0.1, and RMSE decreased by 13.26 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, indicating that the ‘two-leaf’ model could notably improve the SIF-GPP model. This study confirms the different contributions of sunlit and shaded leaves to canopy SIF and GPP, and ignoring this disparity would induce systematic bias in GPP estimation. Our methods and findings on sunlit-shaded SIF separation can be referenced by other studies to enhance GPP estimation accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104627"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecosystem water limitation shifts driven by soil moisture in the Loess Plateau, China","authors":"Xiaoru Liang ,&nbsp;Jianwu Yan ,&nbsp;Wei Liang ,&nbsp;Boyan Li ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Liu ,&nbsp;Fulai Feng ,&nbsp;Jia Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of climate change, the functionality of ecosystems is primarily influenced by the availability of water and energy supply. However, there is limited research that comprehensively uses energy indicators to explore how climate change affects the water and energy limiting states of ecosystems. Here we evaluated the historical and future water and energy limitations using the Ecosystem Limitation Index (ELI) derived from evapotranspiration (ET), soil moisture (SM), net radiation (Rn), and air temperature (Ta), and conducted an in-depth analysis of the dominant factors. The results indicate that: (1) The degree of water limitation deepened initially and then weakened. Over 68 % of the region became drier initially, while over 83 % became wetter later. (2) In terms of area, soil moisture emerged as a critical factor influencing the variations in water and energy constraints within the Loess Plateau. Further research revealed the range of critical soil moisture (CSM) for the transition of water-energy limitation state is 0.286 mm³mm⁻³, and it varies with changes in temperature, soil texture, vegetation cover, and season. (3) Future projections suggest a transition towards heightened water limitations across the Loess Plateau. These findings underscore the efficacy of ELI in assessing and predicting dynamic ecosystem changes, offering valuable insights into the impacts of climate change on water and energy cycles within semi-arid ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104625"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent trend turnings of drought severity across Afro-Eurasian continent since 1950","authors":"Wei Lou ,&nbsp;Cheng Sun ,&nbsp;Bin Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapidly intensifying global land drought poses severe threats to human societies, economies, and ecosystems. While previous studies have primarily investigated long-term drought trends, the frequency and concurrence of trend turnings have been largely neglected. In this study, we address this gap by employing the Running Slope Difference (RSD)-<em>t</em>-test to quantify trend turning frequency in Afro-Eurasian drought severity. Based on Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), our analysis indicates that the PDSI trend in most parts of the Afro-Eurasian continent has experienced two turnings since 1950, although, the types of trend turnings vary regionally. The concurrence of these PDSI trending turnings is further investigated. Around 1985, a dipole pattern emerged - Eastern Europe experiences a drying trend turning, accompanied by decreased P-E and intensified drought, while Sahel exhibits a wetting trend turning, with increased P-E and mitigated drought. Around 2000, a tripole pattern is observed in Eastern Eurasia: The Russian Far East and South Asia experienced a drying trend turning, with reduced P-E and intensified drought, while Northeast Asia exhibited a further wetting trend, characterized by increased P-E and mitigated drought. We further investigate the influence of large-scale circulation changes. The enhanced Northern Hemisphere warming trend before and after 1985 contributes to increased land surface high pressure and an amplified meridional temperature gradient, favoring cross-equatorial water vapor transport. This mechanism potentially drives the dipole pattern of trend turning observed around 1985. Additionally, the North Pacific Ocean Sea Surface Temperature (SST) exhibited an enhanced North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) pattern around 2000, which induced a tripole atmospheric circulation pattern over East Asia, corresponding to the observed tripole pattern of PDSI trend turnings. The identified dipole and tripole patterns of drought trend turnings, and their potential links to large-scale atmospheric circulation changes, provide insights into the complex dynamics of land drought variability across Afro-Eurasian.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104628"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Siberian larch is better adapted to stress in wet-stressed areas than in drought-stressed areas","authors":"Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Liang Jiao ,&nbsp;Ruhong Xue ,&nbsp;Mengyuan Wei ,&nbsp;Xuge Wang ,&nbsp;Qian Li ,&nbsp;Zhengdong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With climate change, the frequency and intensity of wet and dry events are increasing, as is the uncertainty of their impact on tree growth. There have been studies on the effects of wet and dry conditions on tree growth, but there is a lack of comparisons of tree adaptation strategies to different types of wet and dry events in heterogeneous environments. Therefore, we explored differences in the response of tree radial growth to different types of wet and dry events using data on tree ring widths of Siberian larch (<em>Larix sibirica</em>) in the Altai Mountains (west) and Mongolian Plateau (east) of Central Asia. The results showed that western tree radial growth was significantly negatively correlated with precipitation and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), and significantly positively correlated with mean temperature. The radial growth of trees in the east was significantly and positively correlated with precipitation and SPEI, and significantly and negatively correlated with mean temperature. Trees in wet-stressed areas are less resistance to composite cold-wet events than to ordinary wet events. Trees in drought-stressed areas are less resistance to composite hot-drought events than to ordinary drought events. Trees in the wet-stressed area recovered to normal growth levels in the first year after both ordinary wet and compound cold-wet events, and trees in the drought-stressed area failed to recover after both ordinary drought and compound hot-drought events, but then experienced compensatory growth. Thus, climate warming had a positive effect on radial growth of trees in the wet-stressed areas and a negative effect on radial growth of drought-stressed trees. Forest management should be based on the different adaptation strategies of larch to climatic stresses in heterogeneous environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104624"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronology, structures and salt tectonics in the northern Kuqa Depression, NW China: Implications for the Cenozoic uplift of Tian Shan and foreland deformation","authors":"Zhiliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Pengcheng Tang ,&nbsp;Jimin Sun ,&nbsp;Zhikun Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foreland fold-and-thrust belts (FTBs) are shaped by the coupled influence of surface processes (e.g., erosion, sedimentation) and deep geological processes (e.g., plate rheology, flexure and kinematics) across various timescales. These processes record multiple phases of orogenic evolution and are crucial for understanding the interplay between mountain building and the sedimentary basin filling. In this paper, we conducted an integrated study including magnetostratigraphy of exposed strata, detailed field investigations and interpretations of subsurface seismic profiles in the northern Kuqa Depression. This study aims to elucidate the tectonic uplift of the Tian Shan by examining salt-related structures. The present findings reveal that diapirism in the study area commenced in the early Eocene and continued at least into the late Miocene. Notably, the Tuzimaza diapir has been significantly squeezed due to regional contraction since ∼5.3 Ma. The exposed growth strata were primarily compressional, rather than halokinetic, suggesting the lateral expansion of the Tuzimaza anticline since the latest Miocene (∼5.3 Ma). This expansion was a response to the far-field effects of the Indian-Eurasian collision. We propose that the local activation of the Tian Shan likely initiated in the early Oligocene (∼34 Ma), with three subsequent episodes of deformation occurring ∼24 Ma, ∼10 Ma and ∼ 5.3 Ma. The earlier episodes can be attributed to basement uplift in the northern Kuqa Depression, whereas the later episode starting at ∼5.3 Ma reflects more intensive deformation across the entire foreland, indicative of the steady outward growth of the Tian Shan. Collectively, all these tectonic events have contributed to the formation of the modern Tian Shan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104618"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The history of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and sea surface salinity during 1376–1500 CE reconstructed by Porites coral δ18O from Huangyan Island, South China Sea","authors":"Shichen Tao ,&nbsp;Kam-biu Liu ,&nbsp;Hongqiang Yan ,&nbsp;Min Meng ,&nbsp;Kefu Yu ,&nbsp;Qi Shi ,&nbsp;Huiling Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most influential climatic phenomenon affecting global ecosystems, water use, and agriculture on an interannual scale. However, limited instrumental records make it difficult to fully understand the characteristics of ENSO events. In this study, we used both monthly-resolved <em>Porites</em> coral δ¹⁸O records, i.e., living <em>Porites</em> corals of δ¹⁸O–HYDL4 (1992–2015) and subfossil <em>Porites</em> corals of δ¹⁸O–HYD3 (1376–1500 CE), from Huangyan Island in the South China Sea (SCS), to reconstruct the moderate intensity ENSO and sea surface salinity (SSS) during 1376–1500 CE. The results show that the SSS was higher but the frequency of moderate-to-high intensity ENSO events was lower than the present during 1376–1500 CE. ENSO activity was generally similar to or slightly lower than that of today, but it included several very strong ENSO events in the first substage (1376–1450 CE), while it was relatively quiet in the second substage (1451–1500 CE). More moderate-intensity ENSO events may have occurred in the relatively warm climate. The variation in coral δ¹⁸O was dominated by multiple factors in this region. SST, ENSO and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) may be the dominant factors influencing the changes in coral δ¹⁸O at different timescales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104622"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}