Global and Planetary Change最新文献

{"title":"Contrasting orbital rhythms preserved in loess grain-size records across the Chinese Loess Plateau","authors":"Deai Zhao ,&nbsp;Guoqiao Xiao ,&nbsp;Chunju Huang ,&nbsp;Haibin Wu ,&nbsp;Qingzhen Hao ,&nbsp;David B. Kemp ,&nbsp;Shaohua Tian ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Wu ,&nbsp;Hao Lu ,&nbsp;Gaowen Dai ,&nbsp;Shuzhen Peng ,&nbsp;Changyan Tang ,&nbsp;Jianyu Wu ,&nbsp;Yating Lin ,&nbsp;Shuya Zhu ,&nbsp;Qiuzhen Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The loess-paleosol sequences on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) are among the best terrestrial archives for recording orbital-scale global paleoenvironmental and East Asian monsoon changes during the Quaternary Period. Dust provenance and climate patterns vary across the CLP due to its vast size. However, whether available climate proxies were influenced by varying signals from the different dust source areas remains unknown. Here we present time series analysis results of high-resolution grain-size records from four loess sections (Jingbian, Xifeng, Baoji, and Weinan sections) spanning a north to south transect in the eastern CLP across the past 0.7 Ma. By comparison with data from the previously reported Luochuan section in the eastern CLP, and the Gulang, Menyuan, Jingyuan, Lanzhou, and Linxia sections in the western CLP, it is revealed that the dominant orbital signal in grain size variations in the eastern CLP is the ~100-kyr ice-age cycle, with precession only very weakly expressed. By contrast, western CLP records exhibit both ~100-kyr and ~ 20-kyr precession cycles. We show that this contrasting orbital patterns between the eastern and western CLP are likely to be influenced by the climate signals from the respective source regions. We propose that the grain size variations in the western CLP not only contain the ~100-kyr ice-age related winter monsoon cycles but also precession cycles related to the mid-latitude Westerlies and the Tibetan Plateau. The grain size variations in the eastern CLP are, by contrast, mainly influenced by ~100-kyr ice-age cycle-regulated winter monsoon changes. The spatial diversity of periodicity in loess grain-size records from the CLP suggests that caution should be taken when discussing the periodicities of loess records based on any single site.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104613"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The restoration of karst rocky desertification has enhanced the carbon sequestration capacity of the ecosystem in southern China","authors":"Chaochao Du ,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Bai ,&nbsp;Yangbing Li ,&nbsp;Qiu Tan ,&nbsp;Cuiwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Guangjie Luo ,&nbsp;Jinfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Luhua Wu ,&nbsp;Chaojun Li ,&nbsp;Junhan Li ,&nbsp;Yuanhuan Xie ,&nbsp;Chen Ran ,&nbsp;Sirui Zhang ,&nbsp;Lian Xiong ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Yuang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Liao ,&nbsp;Lei Dai ,&nbsp;Mingkang Long ,&nbsp;Zilin Li ,&nbsp;Yingying Xue ,&nbsp;Minghui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The control of rocky desertification is the largest ecological restoration project in southwestern China, but its impact on the carbon sequestration capacity of karst ecosystems is not clear. Therefore, in this paper selects typical subtropical karst areas in Guangxi are selected as the research object, the carbon sequestration potential of the terrestrial ecosystems are quantified, including karst inorganic carbon sinks, and the response of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink to rocky desertification restorationis discussed. The results show that (1) the karst inorganic carbon sink flux (CCSF) is 42.75 t CO₂/km²/yr, with a total CCS of 491.12 × 10⁴ t CO₂, accounting for only 2.5 % of the country's land area and contributing 7.6 % of the karst inorganic carbon sink. (2) The flux of the vegetation organic carbon sink is 380.44 t CO₂/km²/yr, and the total amount is 4403.55 × 10⁴ t CO₂/yr., Overall, the spatial distribution exhibits a pattern of high in the northwest and low in the northeast. (3) With decreasing rocky desertification area, the magnitude of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink has exhibited a corresponding increasing trend. In particular, during 2010–2020, the rocky desertification area decreased by about 0.868 × 10⁴ km², and the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink increased by 114.04 t CO₂/km²/yr. This article provides a systematic spatial diagnosis of the carbon sequestration potential of terrestrial ecosystems, including karst inorganic carbon sinks, in the karst areas of Guangxi, and reveals their responses to the restoration of karst rocky desertification. This work has strong reference value and significance for the diagnosis and analysis of the carbon neutrality capacity at the national and global levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104602"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical behavior of riverine magnesium isotopes in the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin, southern Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Ya-Ni Yan ,&nbsp;Jun-Wen Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Wu ,&nbsp;Bai-Ling Fan ,&nbsp;Dong Zhang ,&nbsp;Long-Fei Gou ,&nbsp;Qing-You Liu ,&nbsp;Zhi-Qi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The riverine magnesium (Mg) isotope composition is generally controlled by sources and fractionation processes. However, it remains unclear in which cases these factors are predominant at the basin scale. In this study, we investigated the major elements, trace elements, and Mg and strontium (Sr) isotope ratios in the Yarlung Tsangpo River (YTR) Basin, southern Tibetan Plateau (TP), to explore the geochemical behavior of Mg isotopes and the dominant controlling factors. Riverine Mg²⁺ was shown to derive primarily from the weathering of silicates and carbonates. Riverine δ²⁶Mg, which is first influenced by the mixing of different lithological sources, was detected ranging from −1.63 ‰ to −0.52 ‰. According to the saturation indexes of common Mg-bearing secondary minerals, the basin was divided into two zones. Above Shannan City (Zone I), where river waters mostly were oversaturated with minerals, positive correlations were observed between δ²⁶Mg and the Ca/Mg and Sr/Mg ratios. This indicated that, after mixing, secondary minerals (talc and chlorite), which tend to preferentially incorporate ²⁴Mg, may be formed in most of waters, leading to an increase in riverine δ²⁶Mg values. The Rayleigh and batch fractionation models were fitted with factors ranging from 0.9975 to 0.9997. Below Shannan City (Zone II), where river waters mostly were unsaturated with minerals, riverine δ²⁶Mg was positively correlated with ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and negatively correlated with the Ca/Mg, Sr/Mg, and HCO₃/Na ratios. This suggested that the riverine δ²⁶Mg were influenced by carbonate dissolution with faster kinetic rates. Our analysis of riverine δ²⁶Mg values in the YTR Basin may be a reference for interpreting the relationships between δ²⁶Mg and δ⁷Li in river systems worldwide. In minerals-oversaturated waters, secondary mineral formation was shown to lead to isotope fractionation, resulting in a positive correlation between the two parameters, whereas in minerals-unsaturated waters, the δ²⁶Mg and δ⁷Li values were negatively correlated, possibly due to the predominance of mineral dissolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104612"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term variability of the Kuroshio since 1788 based on coral records","authors":"Xiaohua Li ,&nbsp;Xinying Guo ,&nbsp;Huan Jiang ,&nbsp;Xi Lu ,&nbsp;Zhanqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Ma ,&nbsp;Shijian Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Kuroshio transports warm water poleward from low- to mid-high latitude regions and strongly affects ocean-atmosphere-land interactions. Previous studies have shown that the Kuroshio has strengthened at its origin during recent decades. However, changes in the Kuroshio on a centennial timescale are unclear due to the lack of observations before the Industrial Revolution. In this study, a precisely dated and monthly resolved <em>Porites</em> coral Sr/Ca record from south of Taiwan island, where coral growth is influenced by the Kuroshio, was used to generate a continuous reconstruction of Kuroshio transport (KT) during the period from 1788 to 2013. The data show a consistent decline in KT since 1788, with the rate of decline increasing since the 1950s, probably due to rapid oceanic warming. The southward shift of the bifurcation latitude of the North Equatorial Current, which is related to accelerated global oceanic warming, might have led to the decrease in KT. Natural variability in the phase transition of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and El Niño-Southern Oscillation might also influence the long-term changes in KT, particularly before the 1950s.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104611"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The temperature-precipitation duel and tropical greening during the Early Eocene Greenhouse episode","authors":"Arpita Samanta ,&nbsp;Melinda Kumar Bera ,&nbsp;Subir Bera ,&nbsp;Fred J. Longstaffe ,&nbsp;Shubhabrata Paul ,&nbsp;Kishor Kumar ,&nbsp;Anindya Sarkar","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under rising anthropogenic CO_2, the future of the tropical climate states and the response of the biosphere, specifically the fate of the tropical rainforest (TRF), is uncertain. Therefore, deep-time climate proxy records and model simulations are being extensively utilized to understand the possible response of the TRF community during extreme climate states. However, comprehensive climate-TRF proxy data from the tropical/equatorial region for the paleo-global warming episodes, e.g., Late Paleocene – Early Eocene interval (∼56 to 51 Ma, encompassing transient hyperthermal events like Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum [PETM], Eocene Thermal Maximum2 [ETM2]/H1/ Eocene Layer of Mysterious Origin [ELMO], H2, I1, and I2), are very limited and create difficulties in the validation of simulated results. Here we present long-term land surface temperature and precipitation (<em>δ</em>²H and <em>δ</em>¹⁸O of pedogenic clay mineral-derived) and TRF diversity (palynology) data from a paleo-equatorial region, spanning the ∼56 to 51 Ma interval. Present data suggest that the hydrological response to global warming was not temporally uniform in the paleo-equatorial land. While a significantly increased rainfall buffered the terrestrial temperature during the PETM, an insignificant increase in precipitation and negligible temperature lowering can be observed during the ETM2 hyperthermal event. However, the climate system's response during the other Early Eocene hyperthermals, i.e., H2, I1, and I2, was very similar to the PETM. Despite these small aberrations, the long-term average equatorial land surface temperature (27 ± 4 °C) during the Early Eocene greenhouse episode remained very similar to the modern equatorial temperature (28–30 °C). Rainfall proxy and plant diversity data suggest that the precipitation aided TRFs' resilience and proliferation, possibly through temperature buffering, during this paleo-greenhouse episode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104603"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting influence of the 1997 and 2015 El Niño on the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall: Role of the Southern Hemisphere","authors":"Nimmakanti Mahendra ,&nbsp;Nagaraju Chilukoti ,&nbsp;Jasti S. Chowdary ,&nbsp;Raju Attada ,&nbsp;Ravi Kumar Kunchala ,&nbsp;Prasad K. Bhaskaran","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides comprehensive analysis on the contrasting effects caused by the 1997 and 2015 historical El Niño events linked with the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) rainfall. The presence of strong southeast-northwest oriented cold Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies during 1997, that spatially extended from southwest Pacific to Southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO) in comparison to the 2015 event is the robust feature. Evidently, these anomalies are closely related to interaction between cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation over South Pacific Convergence Zone (south Australia). During 2015, the conjunction of Modoki II and classical El Niño triggered an asymmetrical equatorial circulation throughout the Indo-western Pacific (IWP) and thereby stimulated the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) through troposphere and stratospheric pathway mechanism. In addition, in 2015, SAM impacted the Indian Ocean, which intern affected ISM rainfall. Positive SAM associated with westward shift of anticyclone over south of Australia alters the circulation by inducing westerly winds over the South Indian Ocean, thereby suppressing Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and inducing drought conditions over India during 2015. Moreover, the AUS index, an indicator for IOD strength in boreal summer, is a bridging factor prevalent over mid-latitude regions in the southern hemisphere. Results from this study indicate the complex interaction of southern hemisphere atmospheric flow and its role in modulating the Indian Ocean region thereby ISM rainfall. A better understanding of these underlying mechanism can significantly enhance the predictive skills and projections of monsoon variability and extremes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An OSL-dated, stacked Holocene dust mass accumulation rate record on the Chinese Loess Plateau and its implications for Northern Hemisphere dust activity","authors":"Shugang Kang ,&nbsp;Xulong Wang ,&nbsp;Ning Wang ,&nbsp;Hao Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate reconstruction of geological dust activity is crucial for understanding past climate change and its interaction with dust cycle. Loess on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is an ideal and sensitive material for revisiting past dust activity. Previously, the changes in the dust mass accumulation rate (MAR) over various time scales were widely established on the CLP. However, few absolutely dated dust records have been obtained and synthesized for the Holocene. This study addresses this gap by compiling 23 optically stimulated luminescence-dated Holocene loess sections across the CLP. We developed a high-quality chronology via Bayesian age-depth modeling and derived a MAR record for each section. Then, we obtained a mean MAR record for the CLP by stacking individual records. We propose that, in contrast to site-specific MARs, stacked MARs represent the mean dust accumulation conditions for the entire CLP and can be used to track relatively large-scale dust activity and climate change. The stacked MAR record suggests a moderate weakening trend of dust accumulation from ∼11.5 to 7.5 thousand years ago (ka BP), followed by a pronounced strengthening trend from ∼7.5 to 3.0 ka BP. A comparison with other regional dust records reveals a shift in dust activity at ∼8–6 ka BP in northern China and western Mongolia. We argue that the East Asian winter and summer monsoons jointly contributed to Holocene mean dust MAR variations on the CLP by changing dust transport wind energy and dust source aridity, respectively. A comparison of Holocene dust records in Asia with those in the northwestern Pacific Ocean and Greenland suggests asynchronous variations in dust activity between proximal and distal Asia-sourced dust deposition. This is because, unlike proximal deposition, distal deposition can be controlled not only by the dust source conditions but also by the intensity and the position of the Westerlies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 104600"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precipitation changes during the last glacial period in the Ili Basin, northern Central Asia, as inferred from the records of loess dolomite","authors":"Yue Li ,&nbsp;Yougui Song ,&nbsp;Jingyun Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiulan Zong ,&nbsp;Yudong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the climatic evolution in Central Asia (CA) and its drivers is crucial for informed decision-making and predicting global changes due to its significant contribution as a global dust source. Unfortunately, our current understanding of the pre-Holocene precipitation patterns in CA is lacking due to the limited availability of reliable proxy indicators, and our knowledge of future precipitation projections in the region, based on paleoclimatic dynamics, is also quite limited. In this study, we analyzed variations in carbonate and dolomite contents of a loess section in the Ili Basin, northern CA, to reveal precipitation changes during the last glacial period. The results showed that changes in carbonate minerals were mainly influenced by the source material supply, driven by reduced precipitation and eluviation during glacial period. We thereby established a precipitation index by removing the influence of provenance signals from the dolomite records. The index indicated lower precipitation during mid-marine isotope stage (MIS) 3 compared to MIS2, likely due to meridional shifts and intensity changes of the westerlies caused by changes in precession and obliquity, with precession playing a major role. Through the comparison of the precipitation index with the δ¹⁸O records of the Greenland ice core on a millennial timescale, it was observed that the precipitation in northern CA exhibited a positive correlation with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) mode due to migration of the westerlies. By leveraging our understanding of orbital- and millennial-scale precipitation patterns, we utilized the random forest (RF) regression model and the autoregressive integrated moving average model to forecast precipitation changes for the upcoming 5000–10,000 years. The results indicated a variable pattern marked by a general upward trend, suggesting the possibility of favorable development of agricultural-based economies in the Ili River Valley. People should realize that some integrated measures are designed to improve resilience of agricultural sector in the region and enhance its capacity to adapt to challenges posed by climate change. However, more extensive research is necessary to verify these results through thorough examination and comparisons of loess sections in our research location.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 104599"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Southeast Asian rainforest lost biodiversity during the range expansion to ice-age Sunda Shelf","authors":"Zhongjing Cheng ,&nbsp;Jiawang Wu ,&nbsp;Chuanxiu Luo ,&nbsp;Zhifei Liu ,&nbsp;Enqing Huang ,&nbsp;Hongchao Zhao ,&nbsp;Lu Dai ,&nbsp;Chengyu Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The capability of tropical forest to recover from extensive land-use remains a matter of debate, despite its importance for guiding conservation and restoration policies. This is especially the case for Southeast Asia. Fortunately, the Sunda Shelf was extensively exposed during the Last Glacial Maximum sea-level lowstand, providing a unique window to study the long-term and landscape-scale development of tropical forest in new accommodation spaces that may be analogous to those emerge after the cessation of human activities. Here we conduct pollen analyses on three sediment cores from the southern South China Sea – two located in front of the Sunda Shelf paleo-river mouths and one close to the northern Borneo – in order to evaluate the similarity/difference between the “primary” and “secondary” tropical forest of Southeast Asia. The assemblages of major pollen taxa and the life-form composition of identified plant types are found to be quite similar among the sites, indicating that well-structured rainforest should have expanded to the Sunda Shelf despite the sandy and potentially saline, nutrient-poor soils. The plant biodiversity, however, was obviously lower on the Sunda Shelf than on Borneo as inferred from the pollen richness. This indicates a loss of biodiversity during large-scale range expansions. Our findings suggest the potential of reforestation in the lowlands of Southeast Asia, but unfortunately the incapability of restoring biodiversity to pre-disturbance levels through natural regeneration alone. Moreover, the old forests in the mountainous northern Borneo appears to be irreplaceable and thus a priority of conservation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 104597"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of nature-based climate solutions for agricultural landscapes in the Galápagos Islands","authors":"Ilia Alomía Herrera ,&nbsp;Armando Molina ,&nbsp;Yessenia Montes ,&nbsp;Jean Louise Dixon ,&nbsp;Veerle Vanacker","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Galápagos Islands are highly vulnerable to climate and environmental change, and nature-based solutions can help local communities adapt local agricultural systems. Through a comparative analysis, we evaluated the effects of three land management strategies on soil temperature, soil water availability and storage, and carbon stocks in Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos Archipelago). We installed six monitoring sites that consisted of two replicates per pathway: (i) the avoided loss of tropical forest, (ii) the conservation of scattered trees and living fences in at-risk agroforestry system, and (iii) the increase in biomass after a reduction of the grazing intensity. The monitoring sites were equipped with a dense network of rain gauges, air temperature and relative humidity sensors, and capacitance/frequency probes that registered volumetric water content and soil temperature. After pedological characterization of the soil profiles, the soil physico-chemical and hydrophysical properties were determined in laboratory. Over a period of 30 months (July 2019 to December 2021), hydrometeorological and soil environmental data were collected.</div><div>We assessed differences in soil temperature, moisture availability and soil organic carbon content between native forests, sites under traditional agroforestry and under passive restoration. Forest soils were 12 % cooler;, and soil moisture under forest was 20 % higher than in parcels with silvopastural management. Forest soils had a lower dry bulk density, lower saturated hydraulic conductivity and higher water retention capacity in comparison with the other two management types. In silvopastural systems, a decrease of grazing intensity had a positive effect on soil carbon stocks, that were about 50 % higher than in soils under traditional management. This study shows that avoided loss of tropical forest within an agricultural landscape is a promising strategy to mitigate increasing soil temperatures, agricultural drought, and decline in soil organic carbon content. Continued monitoring of the experimental sites is necessary to corroborate the findings of this investigation at longer temporal scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 104598"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}