Global and Planetary Change最新文献

{"title":"Regional changes of tropical cyclone rainfall in the western North Pacific","authors":"Aifang Chen ,&nbsp;Yuxin Li ,&nbsp;Hao Huang ,&nbsp;Cesar Azorin-Molina ,&nbsp;Mengqian Lu ,&nbsp;Hui-Wen Lai ,&nbsp;Penghan Chen ,&nbsp;Hong Wang ,&nbsp;Junguo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Western North Pacific (WNP) are the most active globally, and their rainfall threatens lives, infrastructure, and natural ecosystems from oceanic to coastal regions. However, the changing patterns of TC rainfall and the driving mechanisms due to concurrent changes in TC duration and rain rate remain unknown. Here, we find an overall decreasing trend in WNP TC rainfall and contrasting changes between the south (decreases) and north (increases) of 20°N for 1979–2020. The TC duration dominates TC rainfall changes in 63 % of the WNP, mostly occurring in oceanic areas and associated with the poleward migration of TC tracks. In contrast, the TC rain rate dominates TC rainfall changes in the rest of the WNP, especially in northern coastal areas that are closely related to the changes in vertical velocity. Our findings reveal divergent changes in TC rainfall from south to north and systematically explore different controls from ocean to coastal, suggesting escalating regional TC risks in the northern coastal areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105094"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 1907 Karatag earthquake doublet in Central Asia: Constraints from historic seismograms and surface rupture analysis","authors":"Xiao Yang ,&nbsp;Xuhua Shi ,&nbsp;Qi Ou ,&nbsp;Hanlin Chen ,&nbsp;Jin Ge ,&nbsp;Feng Li ,&nbsp;Mustafo Gadoev ,&nbsp;Pulod Aminzoda ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Yangfan Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large historical earthquakes in intracontinental collision zones are fundamental for understanding rupture processes, fault interactions and seismic hazards. However, they remain poorly constrained due to the limited availability of instrumental data and inconsistencies in early records. Extracting reliable source parameters and reconstructing rupture dynamics of historical earthquakes therefore represent major challenges in these settings. Here, we re-examine the 1907 M_s 7.6 Karatag earthquake sequence in Central Asia using an integrated approach that combines digitized analogue seismograms, high-resolution remote sensing and tectonic geomorphology. Our analysis constrains the earthquake epicenter at ∼38.310°N, 67.007°E, with a depth of ∼17 km, a moment magnitude of M_w 7.3 ± 0.1, and strike–dip–rake angles of 190–210°, 40–60° and 80–160°, respectively. Seismograms from Japan capture two distinct surface waves separated by 21 minutes, confirming a doublet rupture. We interpret the first rupture as occurring on the NE-trending Derbent fault in the Uzbek Gissar, followed by eastward propagation onto the E-trending fault in the Tajik Gissar. The integration of waveform modeling and geomorphic evidence demonstrates how fault linkage and multi-segment rupture govern earthquake evolution in collision zones. Collectively, our results highlight the seismic hazards posed by active faults near densely populated valleys of the Gissar Mountains. Furthermore, this study shows that, when combined with modern geospatial datasets, historical seismograms can recover complex rupture processes and provide broad insights into earthquake dynamics, seismic hazard and fault kinematics in intracontinental orogens worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105090"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience of forests to past fire disturbance in the Changbai Mountains, Northeastern China","authors":"Yutong Qian ,&nbsp;Meng Meng ,&nbsp;Dongmei Jie ,&nbsp;Guizai Gao ,&nbsp;Honghao Niu ,&nbsp;Zhuo Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent increases in wildfire in many parts of the world have raised awareness of the need to understand what controls post-fire forest resilience. Palaeo-records of fire and vegetation can provide a much needed perspective on ecosystem resilience to fires. Here, we used simulations of forest biomass and tree numbers in response to climate changes and compare these simulations with a 13,000 year long record of fire and vegetation changes from Gushantun (GST) peatland in the Changbai Mountains, to examine the stability and resilience of forest trees after fires. Changes in the characteristics of the fire regime through time were used to explore the consequences of different fire regimes on ecosystems and address the question of which aspects of the fire regime have the highest impact on the degree of disturbance and the loss of forest resilience. Our analyses indicate that the severity and frequency of fires were much higher in the early Holocene than in other periods, and that the study area experienced different types of fire disturbances throughout the period. Fire severity and frequency have a similar impact on forest biomass in the Changbai Mountains, with the largest changes resulting during intervals of frequent severe fires. High severity fires were more destructive to forest openness and were closely related to forest recruitment, while the effect of frequency on openness is not reflected in this study. All species exhibited low stability following high severity fires. Frequent severe fires can cause a shift in forest community composition and loss of resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105080"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The enigmatic Norian-Rhaetian boundary: Varying carbon cycle disturbances in continental and deep marine records","authors":"Xia Hua ,&nbsp;David B. Kemp ,&nbsp;Tenichi Cho ,&nbsp;Masayuki Ikeda ,&nbsp;Chunju Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Norian-Rhaetian transition (late Sevatian through early Rhaetian) was associated with a series of faunal turnovers and a putative global carbon cycle perturbation, as evidenced by one or more negative carbon isotope excursions (NCIEs) that occur in locations around the world. Deciphering the pattern, timing and causes of these NCIEs is crucial for understanding the characteristics and causal mechanisms of environmental change across the Norian-Rhaetian boundary (NRB). Currently, however, there is no agreed position and definition of the NRB. Moreover, records of the Sevatian-early Rhaetian from terrestrial and deep marine sites are largely uninvestigated. Here we present organic carbon isotope (δ¹³C_org) and associated geochemical data across upper Norian to lower Rhaetian strata from a non-marine section at St Audrie's Bay, UK (west European lacustrine basin) and a pelagic deep-marine section at Katsuyama, Japan (central Panthalassa Ocean). Both sites show putative NCIEs, but they were likely of different ages. At St. Audrie's Bay, a cluster of NCIEs (maximum magnitude of −3.5 ‰) likely span between ∼207.6 Ma and ∼ 206.6 Ma based on paleomagnetically-calibrated astronomical time constraints, whereas smaller magnitude NCIEs (maximum magnitude of −2 ‰) at Katsuyama were likely older (∼210 Ma). Our new data underline the probable multi-phased nature of Sevatian-early Rhaetian carbon cycle changes, and also help to demonstrate that differences in NCIE magnitudes in different locations were at least in part linked to varying relative amounts of terrestrial and marine organic matter. Hg enrichment within the NCIE interval at Katsuyama supports the emerging view that volcanism was a driver of carbon cycle disturbance near the base of the Rhaetian.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105084"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The stability of grassland spring phenology to extreme drought is modulated by radiation and biodiversity on the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Wendu Rina ,&nbsp;Yangjian Zhang ,&nbsp;Xianzhou Zhang ,&nbsp;Yunlong He ,&nbsp;Ge Hou ,&nbsp;Wenchao Wu ,&nbsp;Wenyu Li ,&nbsp;Lin Jiang ,&nbsp;Juntao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term trends of vegetation spring phenology (i.e., start of season, SOS) under ongoing climate change have received widespread attention due to its implication for ecosystem carbon balance. However, the stability of SOS under short-term disturbance, such as extreme drought event, remains poorly understood. Here, we assessed the geographic patterns of SOS stability, encompassing multiple components (resistance, resilience, and temporal stability), in response to preseason extreme drought events using satellite-observed vegetation index and gridded drought index across the alpine grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Higher resistance and temporal stability of SOS were generally observed in the meadow-dominated eastern TP, with declining westward along longitudinal gradients. Whereas, the resilience of SOS peaked in the semi-arid central plateau. The spatial coherence between resistance and temporal stability suggests that the consistency of SOS during drought periods (i.e., temporal stability) critically depends on its capacity to resist drought (i.e., resistance). The geographical detector model revealed that radiation and biodiversity were the primary drivers of the spatial distributions of SOS resistance and temporal stability, with higher resistance and temporal stability associated with lower radiation and greater biodiversity. In contrast, the contribution of environmental settings to SOS resilience was relatively lower than that of resistance, with a spatial trade-off between resistance and resilience across the TP, except in the western regions, where a distinct low resistance-low resilience pattern was observed. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into ecosystem stability under extreme droughts, and improve the representation of drought responses in alpine ecosystem within land surface models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105088"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bottom water characteristics and paleoceanographic evolution of Central Southern Pacific Ocean across the Mid-Brunhes Transition","authors":"N. Mahanta,&nbsp;B. Sahoo,&nbsp;Sunil K. Das,&nbsp;S. Datta,&nbsp;S. Rath,&nbsp;Raj K. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The varying strength and length of historical and forthcoming interglacial periods hold significant relevance for human society. The interglacials occurring after the Mid-Brunhes Transition (MBT; ∼430 kyr) displayed warmer temperatures and elevated CO₂ in the atmosphere compared to those preceding that period. However, the reason behind this climatic shift remains under debate. Here, we have analysed sediment core samples from International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1540 located in the Central South Pacific to study the assemblages of benthic and planktic foraminifera, as well as Iceberg-rafted debris (IRD), in order to understand the causes of increased atmospheric CO₂ during interglacial periods following the MBT. During the pre-MBT interglacials, CSP bottom water was more oxic, and corrosive marked by a higher abundance of highly oxic and corrosive-resistant Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) indicator species <em>Nuttallides umbonifera</em> (%), which reduced significantly during and post-MBT interglacials. This study suggests that the influence of AABW decreases during MIS 11 and other interglacials after the MBT, which is marked by ∼10 % reduction in oxic benthic foraminifera species (%) and <em>N. umbonifera</em> (%) as compared to the pre-MBT interglacials. This reduction in AABW volume might have influenced the sequestration of atmospheric CO₂ in the deep ocean, leading to an increase of ∼30 ppm in atmospheric CO₂ during and after the MBT interglacials compared to levels before the MBT. During post-MBT interglacials, a significant reduction in sea-ice and icebergs shoaled the thermocline, which is marked by minimal IRD and abundance of <em>Globoconella inflata</em>. The oxygenated Lower Circumpolar Deep Water follows the Antarctic Circumpolar Current strength and shows 100 kyr periodicity in bottom water current strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105087"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulation changes in the Mediterranean Sea over the last 30,000 years – Constraints from deep-water Nd isotopes","authors":"Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiawang Wu ,&nbsp;Christophe Colin ,&nbsp;Guohui Gao ,&nbsp;Huang Huang ,&nbsp;Marcus Gutjahr ,&nbsp;Qiong Wu ,&nbsp;Zhifei Liu ,&nbsp;Katharina Pahnke ,&nbsp;Gert J. de Lange","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Mediterranean circulation is sensitive to ongoing climate change, and played a key role in the rhythmic deposition of organic-rich sedimentary layers, known as sapropels. These deposits represent periods of anoxic deep-water phases in the geologic past. However, many aspects of their interactions with climatic and oceanographic processes are unresolved. Here, we integrate a novel offshore record of Nd isotope composition (εNd) with authigenic εNd data from multiple Mediterranean sites and use a refined box model, to resolve mixing and advection of Mediterranean deep water over the last ∼30,000 years. During the Last Glacial Maximum, more unradiogenic εNd (−7.4 to −6.5) in the deep EMS corresponds to a 56 % ± 14 % decline in water exchange between the eastern and western Mediterranean Sea (EMS vs. WMS). This decline was caused by lower sea levels, which also led to distinct deep circulation modes in the two basins. Meanwhile, deep convection occurred in the Ionian Sea, implying a shift of EMS deep-water formation zone. The Heinrich Stadial 1 is characterized by increased εNd values, showing a strong intermediate-water outflow caused by deglacial sea-level rise, but the deep EMS circulation weakened. The more radiogenic and homogeneous εNd (−5.3 to −4.7) during sapropel S1 deposition suggest deep-water stagnation in the EMS. This was accompanied by enhanced Nile runoff and 44 % reduced EMS–WMS exchange that was limited to shallower depths, with weak but persistent outflow from the Adriatic Sea. Such basin-wide stagnation initiated ∼1000 years before the onset of S1 and terminated with full deep-water renewal during S1 ending.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105086"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global mapping of canopy conductance from TROPOMI solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence after differentiating contributions of sunlit and shaded leaves","authors":"Xiaoping Wang ,&nbsp;Wei He","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global mapping of terrestrial vegetation canopy conductance (G_c) is of great importance for understanding the behavior of terrestrial carbon and water cycles and their interaction mechanisms. Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) shows great promise in deriving global G_c, yet is hindered by limited capacities in characterizing the SIF-G_c relationship, particularly in high-density vegetation areas, where differentiating the contribution of sunlit and shaded leaf SIF and G_c to canopy matters. Here, we developed a new SIF-G_c model by differentiating the contribution of sunlit and shaded leaves using a coupled “Two-leaf” biosphere model (BEPS-LRC) and the Ball-Berry model, and derived global G_c distribution from 2018 through 2020 with TROPOMI satellite SIF data and eddy covariance flux data from 40 stations. We found that sunlit leaves and shaded leaves have a similar seasonal variation in G_c, but the variation is greater in the former than in the latter, and the differentiation of sunlit and shaded leaves makes SIF better track the seasonal variation of G_c. Moreover, the new model reduces the dependence of canopy SIF-G_c relationship on atmospheric vapor pressure deficit, with the R² of eight biomes greater than 0.5 and 0.4 in sunlit leaves and shaded leaves respectively. In addition, the model improves the accuracy of G_c estimation, with the minimum R² of 0.52 (SAV), the maximum R² of 0.79 (MF and OH), and the slope ranged from 1.04 (CRO) to 1.21 (OH) with the RMSE from 1.05 (CRO) to 1.33 (OH). The global G_c exhibits substantial spatial and seasonal variations, ranging from 0.05 to 1.48, with high values mainly distributed in the African plateau and Australia. This study provides a novel method for mapping global vegetation G_c, which is crucial for understanding the eco-hydrological processes and predicting the fate of terrestrial carbon and water cycles in a changing climate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal changes in global cropland fire activity from 2003 to 2020","authors":"Jiaming Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoting Zhong ,&nbsp;Jie Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaofan Shen ,&nbsp;Mengyu Wang ,&nbsp;Junhao He ,&nbsp;Xiaohan Meng ,&nbsp;Qiuling Chen ,&nbsp;Xinrui Lu ,&nbsp;Liang Wang ,&nbsp;Chao Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural straw burning is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, adversely affecting regional human health and air quality. Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of agricultural fires is crucial for developing effective emissions reduction strategies in cropland to mitigate climate change. Although it is reported that cropland fires have been decreasing over the past two decades, the trends of global cropland fires on seasonal and diurnal scales remain poorly quantified, limiting a complete understanding of their spatiotemporal dynamics. This study analyzes global cropland fire activity from 2003 to 2020 at annual, seasonal, and diurnal scales, using multiple satellite-based burned area datasets, active fire products, and cropland classification datasets. The results show that from 2003 to 2020, global cropland burned area, active fire detections, and fire intensity all exhibited significant decreasing trends (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), with relative changes of −43.5 %, −30.3 %, and − 3.5 %, respectively. The most significant decreases in cropland burned area and active fire detections occurred in Africa, while the largest decline in fire intensity was observed in Asia. Moreover, cropland fire activity displayed notable seasonal and diurnal variations. On the seasonal scale, the largest declines in cropland burned area, active fire detections, and fire intensity were observed in December, August, and November, respectively. Notably, fire intensity showed a significant increasing trend (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in April and September. On the diurnal scale, the decrease in cropland active fire detections was primarily driven by daytime activity; however, the rate of decline in fire intensity at night was about 1.5 times that during the day. These findings offer valuable insights into the comprehensive spatiotemporal patterns of global cropland fires, providing a foundation for more effective cropland management and carbon mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Widespread paleowildfire records in the Middle-Late Pennsylvanian and their implications for environmental change during the late Paleozoic Ice Age","authors":"Yanan Li ,&nbsp;Kuan Yang ,&nbsp;Zhaorui Ye ,&nbsp;Jingqi Xue ,&nbsp;Shikun Lin ,&nbsp;Shuai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Middle-Late Pennsylvanian represents a peak “high-fire” period within the late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA), characterized by bidirectional feedback between paleowildfires, terrestrial ecosystems, and climate dynamics. To resolve interactions among wildfire regimes, vegetation evolution, and LPIA climate during the Middle-Late Pennsylvanian, this study integrates petrographic analysis of Benxi Formation coals (Middle Pennsylvanian) from the eastern Ordos Basin (4.0–44.6 % inertinite content, inertinite reflectance values of 1.78–3.08 %, and surface-fire dominance) with global Middle-Late Pennsylvanian inertinite databases. Results demonstrate that global fire intensified from Middle (15.2 % mean inertinite) to Late Pennsylvanian (23.7 %), with spatial migration of fire prevalence from Euramerica-dominated to North China-dominated alongside enhanced mid-high latitude burning. Elevated atmospheric oxygen levels (23.6–24.9 %) facilitated substantial greenhouse gas emissions from paleowildfires (238.1–297.7 Gt CO₂ in Middle Pennsylvanian; 92.9–185.6 Gt CO₂ in Late Pennsylvanian). Synergistic amplification of paleowildfire activity was driven by aridification, elevated atmospheric oxygen, fire-adapted flora expansion, and continental-scale floral restructuring (Cathaysian rapidly growing, resin-rich lycopods and thicker-cuticled pteridosperm leaves, Euramerican xerophytes, Angaran cordaites, Gondwanan glossopterids). Middle-Late Pennsylvanian ice cap dynamics were regulated by coupled wildfire-vegetation-climate interactions. During the Moscovian, wildfire and volcanic carbon emissions were counterbalanced by coal forest expansion, charcoal burial, and enhanced weathering, sustaining low <em>p</em>CO₂ and glacial conditions. Conversely, Kasimovian-Gzhelian wetland contraction, reduced weathering, and persistent wildfire/volcanic emissions elevated <em>p</em>CO₂, initiating widespread deglaciation. This study will enhance our understanding of paleowildfire patterns during the Middle to Late Pennsylvanian, and their relationship to LPIA climatic dynamics and floral evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55089,"journal":{"name":"Global and Planetary Change","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 105075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}