强El Niño显著影响泰国雨养稻田的CH4、CO2、H2O和能量通量以及粮食产量

IF 4 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Global and Planetary Change Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104896

Arnon Setsungnern , Choosak Kunuthai , Amnat Chidthaisong

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引用次数: 0

摘要

雨养稻田是包括泰国在内的许多亚洲国家的主要水稻生态系统之一。在气候变化和气候变率（如El Niño）下，降雨量及其分布的高变异性使该水稻生态系统高度脆弱。本文采用涡动相关方差方法，报道了2015-2017年El Niño对泰国雨育低地水稻甲烷（CH4）、二氧化碳（CO2）、水（H2O）、能量交换和籽粒产量的影响。在水稻生长季节，与中性年份（2016年和2017年）相比，2015年强厄尔尼诺Niño年的累计降雨量和有效降雨量分别减少了约18.3%和19.8%。这导致水稻表面以上水位降低，需要更多的灌溉水，特别是在孕穗期前。相关分析表明，WL与CH4、初级生产总值（GPP）呈显著正相关（r = 0.72）；R = 0.72)。2015 El Niño年种植季CH4排放量减少56.77%。2015年，与2016年和2017年相比，种植季的初级生产总值（GPP）也分别减少了31.5%和26.5%，导致年度净碳(C)预算（58.2 g C m - 2）减少，与2016年（143.86 g C m - 2）相比减少了66.8%。此外，在2015年，较高的感热(H)交换比例和较高的波文比以及较高的净辐射（Rn）导致了较高的蒸散量，特别是在孕穗期后期。2015年强El Niño使粮食减产2.8 ~ 5.7%，碳利用效率（CUE）和水分利用效率（WUE）均低于弱El Niño年。强ENSO降低了种植季的净碳收支，增加了净温室气体收支。对强ENSO现象期间的供水量进行评价和预测，可作为旱作水稻种植前预防气候振荡造成作物减产的有效措施。

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A strong El Niño significantly affects CH4, CO2, H2O and energy fluxes as well as grain yield in a Thai rainfed rice field

Rainfed rice fields are among the primary rice ecosystems in many Asian countries, including Thailand. High variability in rainfall amount and its distribution under climate change and climate variability, such as El Niño, has made this rice ecosystem highly vulnerable. Here, we report the impacts of El Niño on methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O), energy exchanges, and grain yield in a Thai rainfed lowland rice using the eddy covariance method during 2015–2017. During the rice-growing season, cumulative rainfall and effective rainfall were reduced in the 2015 strong El Niño year by approximately 18.3 % and 19.8 % compared to the neutral years (2016 and 2017), respectively. This resulted in a lower water level (WL) above the paddy surface and required more irrigation water (IWR), especially at the pre-booting stage. A correlation analysis revealed that WL had a strong relationship with CH₄ (r = 0.72) and gross primary production (GPP; r = 0.72) at the pre-booting stage. CH₄ emissions during the cropping season in the 2015 El Niño year were reduced by 56.77 %. In 2015, gross primary production (GPP) during the cropping season was also reduced by 31.5 % and 26.5 % compared to 2016 and 2017, respectively, leading to a decrease in the annual net carbon (C) budget (58.2 g C m⁻²), up to 66.8 % in comparison with 2016 (143.86 g C m⁻²). Moreover, a higher fraction of sensible heat (H) exchange as a higher Bowen ratio along with high net radiation (Rn) in 2015 led to higher evapotranspiration, especially in the post-booting stage. The strong El Niño in 2015 reduced grain yield by 2.8–5.7 %, with less carbon use efficiency (CUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) relative to the non-strong El Niño year. Strong ENSO decreased net C budget and increased net GHG budget during the cropping season. An evaluation and prediction of the amount of rainfall for water supply during strong ENSO phenomena could be an effective measure before rice cultivation in rainfed paddies to prevent crop yield loss from climate oscillations.

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来源期刊

Global and Planetary Change 地学天文-地球科学综合

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

10.30%

发文量

226

审稿时长

63 days

期刊介绍： The objective of the journal Global and Planetary Change is to provide a multi-disciplinary overview of the processes taking place in the Earth System and involved in planetary change over time. The journal focuses on records of the past and current state of the earth system, and future scenarios , and their link to global environmental change. Regional or process-oriented studies are welcome if they discuss global implications. Topics include, but are not limited to, changes in the dynamics and composition of the atmosphere, oceans and cryosphere, as well as climate change, sea level variation, observations/modelling of Earth processes from deep to (near-)surface and their coupling, global ecology, biogeography and the resilience/thresholds in ecosystems. Key criteria for the consideration of manuscripts are (a) the relevance for the global scientific community and/or (b) the wider implications for global scale problems, preferably combined with (c) having a significance beyond a single discipline. A clear focus on key processes associated with planetary scale change is strongly encouraged. Manuscripts can be submitted as either research contributions or as a review article. Every effort should be made towards the presentation of research outcomes in an understandable way for a broad readership.