Human Movement Science最新文献

{"title":"Countermovement jump analysis: Effects of acoustic and visual stimuli on jump performance in volleyball players evaluated by inertial measurement unit","authors":"Paolo De Blasiis ,&nbsp;Ciro Ivan De Girolamo ,&nbsp;Marta Trucillo ,&nbsp;Allegra Fullin ,&nbsp;Nicola Moccaldi ,&nbsp;Pasquale Arpaia ,&nbsp;Angelica Perna ,&nbsp;Germano Guerra ,&nbsp;Domenico Tafuri ,&nbsp;Angela Lucariello","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability to perform maximal vertical jumps (VJs) significantly affects athletic performance in several sports, such as volleyball, with a paucity of studies investigating the effects of different sensory stimuli on VJ performance. To the best of our knowledge, no study quantitatively assessed the variations of spatial-temporal and kinetic parameters during Countermovement Jump-Free Arms (CMJ-FA) execution in different acoustic and visual conditions.</div><div>The aim of the present study is to explore the effects of visual and acoustic stimuli, in conditions considered incentive and disincentive, on CMJ-FA performance via an Inertial Measurements Unit (IMU). Twenty male volleyball athletes were assessed across five sessions, each with 3 CMJ-FA repetitions, performed either without sensory stimulus (NS), with incentive (IAS) and disincentive (DAS) acoustic stimulus, and with incentive (IVS) and disincentive (DVS) visual stimulus. Spatial-temporal and four kinetic parameters were evaluated. Significant differences in disincentive conditions with respect to NS in time of flight phase and jump height were observed. Moreover, in DVS a trend of increase for Impact Index compared to NS was found. Instead, no significant variations were found in incentive conditions compared to NS. These findings highlighted the interference of disincentive conditions on jump performance; moreover, an increase of ground impact force during landing phase in DVS may predispose to muscle-skeletal lower limb injuries. These knowledges could be useful to the sports trainers for improving athletes' control, in order to desensitize them from disincentive conditions, keeping a good performance and decreasing the risk of injuries during the competition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliance on vision for walking balance is related to somatosensory function in individuals with and without cerebral palsy","authors":"Ashwini Sansare ,&nbsp;Hendrik Reimann ,&nbsp;Barry Bodt ,&nbsp;Maelyn Arcodia ,&nbsp;Khushboo Verma ,&nbsp;John Jeka ,&nbsp;Samuel C.K. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To investigate the relationship between somatosensory deficits, specifically ankle and hip joint position sense, two-point discrimination, and vibration on the (1) responses to visual perturbations during walking and (2) response improvements to visual perturbations while receiving a sensory-centric treatment, i.e., stochastic resonance (SR) stimulation, in individuals with and without cerebral palsy (CP).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-eight individuals (14 CP, 14 age-and sex-matched controls) walked in a virtual reality cave while receiving visual perturbations. We applied SR to the ankle and hip joints. Data analysis consisted of regression analyses for each sensory test as well as multiple regression analysis (MRA) using all four sensory tests as predictors with the responses to visual perturbation and the improvements in the responses when SR is applied as outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found significant and strong correlations between performance on sensory tests and the responses to visual perturbations, and improvements in the responses with SR. Only one predictor could be entered into the MRA, indicating that performance on any of the sensory tests could predict the responses to visual perturbation and the improvements with SR.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Individuals with sensory deficits are more responsive to sensory-centric interventions. This study is an initial step in identifying potential “responders” to sensory therapies in individuals with CP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of immersive virtual reality on overground gait stability in children with cerebral palsy: A prospective case-control study","authors":"Regine Lohss ,&nbsp;Morgan Sangeux ,&nbsp;Rosa M.S. Visscher ,&nbsp;Rebecca Winter ,&nbsp;Michelle Gwerder ,&nbsp;Norbert Zentai ,&nbsp;Philippe Cattin ,&nbsp;Elke Viehweger","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the effect of walking in a virtual world, particularly on a virtual plank at varying heights, on gait stability in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and typical development (TD).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Twenty-two participants with CP (13 males; 11 years 2 months) and twenty-four with TD (10 males; 11 years 11 months) were included. After undergoing clinical gait analysis, participants were immersed in VR via a head-mounted display and walked on a virtual plank at varying heights. Linear mixed-effect models were fitted for: margin of stability (MoS), whole-body angular momentum (WBAM), single limb support % (SLS), variability of step length (SLV), stride width (SWV), and kinematics (GaitSD). Fixed effects were group (CP vs. TD), condition (walking in the real world vs. virtual world) and virtual height.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GaitSD and SWV were positively correlated with VR, and lateral MoS was negatively correlated. Lateral MoS and coronal WBAM were positively correlated with CP and VR, while anterior MoS and sagittal WBAM were negatively correlated. Lateral MoS was positively correlated with height in CP, while anterior MoS, sagittal WBAM, SLS, SLV and SWV were negatively correlated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Virtual heights induced gait instability, which was more pronounced in CP than TD. WBAM, SLV, and SLS were the most appropriate biomarkers for defining gait instability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do the motor efficiency and visuo-spatial skills of primary school children relate to their teachers' evaluation of visuo-spatial skills?","authors":"Maria Chiara Fastame ,&nbsp;Micaela Porta ,&nbsp;Bruno Leban ,&nbsp;Federico Arippa ,&nbsp;Giulia Casu ,&nbsp;Massimiliano Pau","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study mainly intended to examine whether the objective motor and visuospatial measures assessed in school-aged children predicted the evaluations expressed by their teachers. Moreover, it was investigated whether the pupils identified by their teachers as those with the poorest visuospatial skills also exhibited the worst performance in an instrumentally administered functional mobility task using wearable inertial sensors. Non-verbal fluid reasoning, visuospatial fluency, spatial understanding, and mobility (i.e., the instrumented Timed Up and Go test, iTUG) were assessed in 116 children (M_age = 105.4 months, SD = 16.4 months) attending several Italian primary schools, whereas their teachers completed the visuospatial subtest of the Shortened Visuospatial questionnaire for teachers (i.e., SVS-vs). Statistically significant associations were found between the SVS-vs score, certain psychological measures, and the time required to perform the intermediate and final 180° turn in the iTUG task. Then, approximately 30 % of the variance in the SVS-vs condition was predicted by non-verbal reasoning, spatial understanding, and the time required to perform the final 180° turn in the iTUG task. Finally, children who reported the lowest SVS-vs scores were slower in performing the 180° intermediate turn of the iTUG test than the group who exhibited the highest SVS-vs scores.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Multifractality in postural sway supports quiet eye training in aiming tasks: A study of golf putting” Human Movement Science, 76 (2021) 102752","authors":"Noah Jacobson ,&nbsp;Quinn Berleman-Paul ,&nbsp;Madhur Mangalam ,&nbsp;Damian G. Kelty-Stephen ,&nbsp;Christopher Ralston","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103341","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External versus internal focus enhances motor performance and learning in children with different visuospatial working memory capacities","authors":"Saeed Nazari Kakvandi ,&nbsp;Hesam Ramezanzade ,&nbsp;Morteza Homayounnia Firouzjah ,&nbsp;Yousri Elghoul ,&nbsp;Reza Abdollahipour","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research has shown that external focus (EF) instructions—directing attention to intended movement effects (e.g., ball's or dart's path)—are more effective for enhancing motor performance and learning than internal focus (IF) instructions, which focus on body movements (e.g., arm or foot motion). Nonetheless, the impact of visuospatial working memory capacity (WMC) in this context, especially among children, has been less investigated. This research sought to examine the effects of EF compared to IF on the skill acquisition and motor learning of a dart-throwing task among children with both high and low visuospatial WMC. Forty-eight boys aged 9–11 (Mage: 9.67 ± 0.76 years) were grouped by high or low WMC based on spatial span and memory tests, then assigned to receive either EF or IF instructions. The experiment comprised three stages: practice, retention, and two transfer tests, including throwing from a longer distance and a dual-task scenario with added cognitive load (tone counting). Results showed that EF outperformed IF at all stages. While WMC did not affect performance during practice and retention, children with low WMC performed better than those with high WMC during the longer distance test. In dual-task conditions, an EF continued to surpass an IF, whilst the WMC exerted no significant impact. The present findings suggest that an EF relative to an IF promotes more automatic movement and enhanced multitasking, while the impact of visuospatial WMC was less than expected, highlighting the benefits of EF in teaching motor skills to children, regardless of visuospatial WMC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 103327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143200667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic balance of persons with unilateral upper limb absence when responding to a walking disturbance","authors":"Clare Severe ,&nbsp;Jenny A. Kent ,&nbsp;Paul Hammond II ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Major","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A high prevalence of falls has been reported in individuals with upper limb absence (ULA). This prevalence is increased in upper limb prosthesis users. It is possible that ULA and prosthesis use may alter recovery mechanisms in response to a perturbation.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>The purpose of this study was to investigate the reactive response of individuals with unilateral transradial ULA to perturbations during walking compared to control participants, and to determine the effect of prosthesis use on perturbation response strategies and resultant dynamics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>10 upper limb prosthesis users and 10 matched able-bodied control participants completed two walking treadmill tasks: 1) a steady-state walking baseline trial at 1.0 m/s, and 2) 12 perturbation trials containing an unexpected, rapid treadmill belt acceleration and deceleration while walking. Six perturbations were delivered to each leg during single limb stance. Prosthesis users completed both tasks with and without their customary prosthesis.</div><div>Whole-body angular momentum ranges (<em>L</em>_{<em>range</em>}) in each plane during baseline and perturbation response were compared between prosthesis users and controls using one-sided independent <em>t</em>-tests. A two-way repeated measures ANCOVA, with years of prosthesis use modeled as a covariate, assessed the main and interaction effects of prosthesis use and perturbation side of <em>L</em>_{<em>range</em>} in three planes, and shoulder add-abduction and flexion-extension ranges in prosthesis users.</div></div><div><h3>Results and significance</h3><div>Prosthesis users exhibited greater <em>L</em>_{<em>range</em>} than controls during baseline and perturbation response, in the sagittal-plane only. <em>L</em>_{<em>range</em>} during perturbation response was significantly greater when the prosthesis was not worn, also in the sagittal-plane only. Perturbations may present a greater recovery challenge to people with transradial ULA partially due to a mass and inertia imbalance between the sound and impaired limbs when not wearing a prosthesis. Holistic rehabilitation regimes including both prosthesis and balance training should be considered for ULA populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 103338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collision avoidance behaviours in chronic non-specific low back pain participants: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Agathe Bilhaut ,&nbsp;Mathieu Ménard ,&nbsp;Olivier Roze ,&nbsp;Simon Ozan ,&nbsp;Rébecca Crolan ,&nbsp;Phillippe Carson-Jouzel ,&nbsp;Armel Crétual ,&nbsp;Anne-Hélène Olivier","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Chronic non-specific low back pain (cNSLBP) is a leading cause of disability, influenced by bio-psycho-social factors. However, its impact on everyday activities such as navigating streets and interacting with other pedestrians remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess the effect of cNSLBP on perceptual-motor processes in a pedestrian crossing task, focusing on 1) collision avoidance behaviours, 2) the walker's role in avoiding collisions, and 3) the influence of pain perception.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seventeen asymptomatic adults (AA, 11 females, 46.4 ± 12.8 years) and seventeen cNSLBP participants (10 females, 47.9 ± 12.7 years) performed a task involving crossing paths at a 90° angle with another walker. Participants interacted in three groups pairings: AA-AA, AA-cNSLBP, and cNSLBP-cNSLBP. Key metrics included crossing order inversion, collision risk threshold informing movement adaptation, crossing distance, and the walker's contribution (speed/orientation).</div></div><div><h3>Results and discussion</h3><div>No significant differences were observed between groups for the collision risk threshold (≈0.93 m) or crossing distance (≈0.8 m). However, cNSLBP participants exhibited distinct avoidance strategies, especially in cNSLBP-cNSLBP interactions, which showed more frequent inversions. When crossing first, cNSLBP participants contributed less, whereas when crossing second, they contributed more, primarily by adjusting their speed. A significant negative correlation emerged between depression scores and the level of contribution when cNSLBP participants crossed second.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest that pain perception may influence collision avoidance behaviours. Further research, potentially incorporating virtual reality, is needed to control environmental factors and deepen our understanding of these interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 103335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of voluntary breathing patterns on postural control during walking","authors":"Dimitris N. Karagiannakis,&nbsp;Dimitris G. Mandalidis","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Breathing and postural control is reported to be both neuromuscularly and mechanically interdependent. To date, the effects of voluntary abdominal and thoracic breathing (VAB and VTB) on the EMG activity of muscles involved in both respiratory and postural functions, as well as gait biomechanics related to these breathing patterns, have not been investigated in young, healthy adults. The aim of the study was to evaluate the EMG responses of neck and trunk muscles, as well as the kinematic, stability, and kinetic parameters of gait induced by VAB and VTB compared to involuntary breathing (INB).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-four healthy, physically active participants (12 men and 12 females) were required to complete three two-minute walking sessions on an instrumented treadmill (e.g. devices with capacitive sensors embedded beneath the running belt) at 5.0 km h⁻¹, first with INB and then alternatively with VAB and VTB. A respiratory inductive plethysmography unit was used to provide real-time visual feedback of the breathing pattern performed by each participant. The EMG activity of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), upper trapezius (UT), thoracic and lumbar erector spinae (TES and LES), as well as spatiotemporal (step width, stride length, stride time, stance phase, swing phase, and cadence), stability (anteroposterior and mediolateral center of pressure trajectory), and dynamic gait parameters (vertical ground reaction forces, vGRF) were recorded during each testing condition.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings revealed that both voluntary breathing patterns significantly affected the EMG activity of the SCM (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and UT (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), with the activity between these muscles, as expressed by the SCM:UT ratio, being more balanced during VAB (0.94) and VTB (1.05) compared to INB (0.73). Additionally, VAB walking led to a narrower step width (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and reduced vGRF over the forefoot (p &lt; 0.01) compared to INB walking. Neither VAB nor VTB influenced the activation levels of the LES and TES, nor did they affect other spatiotemporal, stability, or dynamic gait parameters (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that certain gait parameters (e.g. step width, forefoot vGRFs) are primarily influenced by VAB compared to INB, likely due to the more balanced activation of the SCM and UT muscles. This balanced activation may enhance head stability and control during walking, thereby contributing to improved postural control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of motor imagery and action observation on pelvic floor and related structures in healthy women: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Ferran Cuenca-Martínez ,&nbsp;Alba Nieves-Gómez ,&nbsp;Natalia Millán-Isasi ,&nbsp;Laura Fuentes-Aparicio ,&nbsp;Núria Sempere-Rubio","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main aim was to assess the effects of motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) plus physical exercise (PE) on pelvic floor and related structures. Forty-four healthy women were randomized into three groups: MI, AO, or sham observation (SO) group. The outcome measures included the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) condition (including basal tone and strength), lumbo-pelvic motor control, and pain sensitivity. All women performed six sessions at the rate of 3 s/week (for 2 weeks). An initial assessment was carried out (T0), another one 1-week after starting the study (T1), and a third one at the end (T2). Results showed significant PFM strength gains in MI and AO groups, but not in the SO group. Regarding lumbo-pelvic motor control, both MI and AO groups obtained statistically significant changes between pre- and post-intervention Additionally, only the AO group showed significant improvements already at 1-week of intervention. Finally, all groups showed improved pain sensitivity in the likely area of referred menstrual pain post-intervention, with only the MI group showing changes 1 week after starting the intervention. In conclusion, results showed that adding MI and AO to PE program leads to an improvement of sensorimotor function of PFM and related structures in general. Despite finding no statistically significant inter-group differences, some findings such as strength gains or the lumbo-pelvic motor control improvements were only found in MI and AO groups, and this should be considered clinically.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}