Human Movement Science最新文献

{"title":"Collision avoidance behaviours in chronic non-specific low back pain participants: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Agathe Bilhaut ,&nbsp;Mathieu Ménard ,&nbsp;Olivier Roze ,&nbsp;Simon Ozan ,&nbsp;Rébecca Crolan ,&nbsp;Phillippe Carson-Jouzel ,&nbsp;Armel Crétual ,&nbsp;Anne-Hélène Olivier","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Chronic non-specific low back pain (cNSLBP) is a leading cause of disability, influenced by bio-psycho-social factors. However, its impact on everyday activities such as navigating streets and interacting with other pedestrians remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess the effect of cNSLBP on perceptual-motor processes in a pedestrian crossing task, focusing on 1) collision avoidance behaviours, 2) the walker's role in avoiding collisions, and 3) the influence of pain perception.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seventeen asymptomatic adults (AA, 11 females, 46.4 ± 12.8 years) and seventeen cNSLBP participants (10 females, 47.9 ± 12.7 years) performed a task involving crossing paths at a 90° angle with another walker. Participants interacted in three groups pairings: AA-AA, AA-cNSLBP, and cNSLBP-cNSLBP. Key metrics included crossing order inversion, collision risk threshold informing movement adaptation, crossing distance, and the walker's contribution (speed/orientation).</div></div><div><h3>Results and discussion</h3><div>No significant differences were observed between groups for the collision risk threshold (≈0.93 m) or crossing distance (≈0.8 m). However, cNSLBP participants exhibited distinct avoidance strategies, especially in cNSLBP-cNSLBP interactions, which showed more frequent inversions. When crossing first, cNSLBP participants contributed less, whereas when crossing second, they contributed more, primarily by adjusting their speed. A significant negative correlation emerged between depression scores and the level of contribution when cNSLBP participants crossed second.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest that pain perception may influence collision avoidance behaviours. Further research, potentially incorporating virtual reality, is needed to control environmental factors and deepen our understanding of these interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 103335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External versus internal focus enhances motor performance and learning in children with different visuospatial working memory capacities","authors":"Saeed Nazari Kakvandi ,&nbsp;Hesam Ramezanzade ,&nbsp;Morteza Homayounnia Firouzjah ,&nbsp;Yousri Elghoul ,&nbsp;Reza Abdollahipour","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research has shown that external focus (EF) instructions—directing attention to intended movement effects (e.g., ball's or dart's path)—are more effective for enhancing motor performance and learning than internal focus (IF) instructions, which focus on body movements (e.g., arm or foot motion). Nonetheless, the impact of visuospatial working memory capacity (WMC) in this context, especially among children, has been less investigated. This research sought to examine the effects of EF compared to IF on the skill acquisition and motor learning of a dart-throwing task among children with both high and low visuospatial WMC. Forty-eight boys aged 9–11 (Mage: 9.67 ± 0.76 years) were grouped by high or low WMC based on spatial span and memory tests, then assigned to receive either EF or IF instructions. The experiment comprised three stages: practice, retention, and two transfer tests, including throwing from a longer distance and a dual-task scenario with added cognitive load (tone counting). Results showed that EF outperformed IF at all stages. While WMC did not affect performance during practice and retention, children with low WMC performed better than those with high WMC during the longer distance test. In dual-task conditions, an EF continued to surpass an IF, whilst the WMC exerted no significant impact. The present findings suggest that an EF relative to an IF promotes more automatic movement and enhanced multitasking, while the impact of visuospatial WMC was less than expected, highlighting the benefits of EF in teaching motor skills to children, regardless of visuospatial WMC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 103327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143200667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effects of voluntary breathing patterns on postural control during walking","authors":"Dimitris N. Karagiannakis,&nbsp;Dimitris G. Mandalidis","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Breathing and postural control is reported to be both neuromuscularly and mechanically interdependent. To date, the effects of voluntary abdominal and thoracic breathing (VAB and VTB) on the EMG activity of muscles involved in both respiratory and postural functions, as well as gait biomechanics related to these breathing patterns, have not been investigated in young, healthy adults. The aim of the study was to evaluate the EMG responses of neck and trunk muscles, as well as the kinematic, stability, and kinetic parameters of gait induced by VAB and VTB compared to involuntary breathing (INB).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-four healthy, physically active participants (12 men and 12 females) were required to complete three two-minute walking sessions on an instrumented treadmill (e.g. devices with capacitive sensors embedded beneath the running belt) at 5.0 km h⁻¹, first with INB and then alternatively with VAB and VTB. A respiratory inductive plethysmography unit was used to provide real-time visual feedback of the breathing pattern performed by each participant. The EMG activity of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), upper trapezius (UT), thoracic and lumbar erector spinae (TES and LES), as well as spatiotemporal (step width, stride length, stride time, stance phase, swing phase, and cadence), stability (anteroposterior and mediolateral center of pressure trajectory), and dynamic gait parameters (vertical ground reaction forces, vGRF) were recorded during each testing condition.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings revealed that both voluntary breathing patterns significantly affected the EMG activity of the SCM (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and UT (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), with the activity between these muscles, as expressed by the SCM:UT ratio, being more balanced during VAB (0.94) and VTB (1.05) compared to INB (0.73). Additionally, VAB walking led to a narrower step width (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and reduced vGRF over the forefoot (p &lt; 0.01) compared to INB walking. Neither VAB nor VTB influenced the activation levels of the LES and TES, nor did they affect other spatiotemporal, stability, or dynamic gait parameters (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that certain gait parameters (e.g. step width, forefoot vGRFs) are primarily influenced by VAB compared to INB, likely due to the more balanced activation of the SCM and UT muscles. This balanced activation may enhance head stability and control during walking, thereby contributing to improved postural control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of run duration, gait variable and Lyapunov exponent algorithm on the inter-session reliability of local dynamic stability in healthy young people","authors":"Adam S. Kennerley ,&nbsp;Marcus Dunn ,&nbsp;Kane Middleton ,&nbsp;Kate E. Webster ,&nbsp;Jonathan Wheat","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Local dynamic stability (LDS) of gait has been used to differentiate between healthy and injured populations, establishing its potential as an indicator of healthy gait and a new objective measure to assess gait function following injury. For LDS to be a reliable assessment tool of healthy gait progression during rehabilitation, it must provide consistent and sensitive inter-session measures. Methodological factors such as trial duration, gait variable, and Lyapunov Exponent (LyE) algorithm can influence LDS estimation and its reliability. Young people are a high-risk population for sport-related injuries, and running is a key activity during rehabilitation and is regularly assessed. Therefore, the effects of run duration, gait variable, and LyE algorithm choice on the reliability and sensitivity of inter-session LDS measures in young people were investigated. Sixteen healthy participants ran on a treadmill on two separate sessions (difference of 7 ± 5 days). LDS was calculated using both the Rosenstein and Wolf algorithm for durations of 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-min of knee flexion angle and medio-lateral acceleration of the pelvis and thorax from each session. The relative and absolute reliability between sessions was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient and standard error of measurement. The sensitivity of inter-session LDS change was quantified by the minimal detectable change. Results showed that longer run durations produced higher relative reliability and a minimum run duration of 4 min is recommended to achieve moderate-to-good inter-session reliability across all gait variables and LyE algorithms. However, shorter durations of 2–3 min may still be sufficient when using medio-lateral pelvis acceleration or knee flexion angle, particularly with the Rosenstein algorithm, which also improves sensitivity to change. These findings provide practical guidance for methodological choices when calculating LDS in young people during running and support their potential use as reliable tools for monitoring gait function and tracking rehabilitation progress in young people following injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trial-to-trial motor behavior during a reinforcement learning task in children ages 6 to 12","authors":"Jeffrey D. Konrad ,&nbsp;Keith R. Lohse ,&nbsp;Natasha Marrus ,&nbsp;Catherine E. Lang","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>During practice, learners use available feedback from one trial to develop and implement motor commands for the next trial. Unsuccessful trials (i.e., “misses”) should be followed by different motor behavior (e.g., goal-directed changes and/or exploration of movement parameters), while successful trials (i.e., “hits”) should maintain the same behavior (e.g., minimize variance and recapitulate the same motor plan to the best of one's ability). Measuring the trial-to-trial changes in motor behavior can provide insights into how the motor system uses feedback and regulates movement variability while trying to improve performance. There have been no reports on the trial-to-trial motor behavior of typically developing children despite the profound motor development that occurs in this period and its relevance to long-term functional outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recruited 72 typically developing children from ages 6 to 12 to perform a reinforcement learning beanbag toss to a target. Their target errors were used to examine their motor exploration and autocorrelation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Comparing variability at different trial-to-trial intervals showed that children exhibit motor exploration above and beyond the effect of sampling bias. Mean autocorrelations of different lags were near zero suggesting that successive trials were largely unrelated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We found evidence that children utilize motor exploration in the target space of a target throwing task. After failed trials they exhibited increased variability to search for more optimal motor solutions. After successes, they minimized variability to create the same successful performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-subject variability in muscle synergies during squatting movements","authors":"Yushin Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated muscle synergies during squats, focusing on the individual variability in motor control strategies. Sixteen healthy young adults performed 20 squats at a consistent speed. Muscle synergies were extracted using non-negative matrix factorization, followed by k-means clustering and discriminant analysis to categorize similar muscle synergies. The analysis revealed an average of 3.3 ± 0.4 muscle synergies per squat. Further clustering analysis identified six distinct types of muscle synergies across subjects. Among them, one synergy involving trunk, hip, and knee extensors was universal across all subjects, representing a fundamental motor strategy for successful squat execution. In contrast, the remaining synergies varied across subjects, exhibiting mutual exclusivity, where individuals systematically select one synergy type or another during the same squatting phase. These findings demonstrate inter-subject variability in muscle synergies during the squat and underscore the coexistence of universal and individualized muscle synergies in human motor control, providing practical insights for designing personalized squat training and rehabilitation strategies guided by neuromechanical principles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of obstacle depth and height on step-over behavior: Focus on age-related changes","authors":"Ryota Sakurai ,&nbsp;Yuka Miura ,&nbsp;Kentaro Kodama","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obstacle avoidance during locomotion is a crucial motor skill, especially in environments with uneven terrain. However, the combined effects of obstacle dimensions and aging on this ability remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the action of stepping over an obstacle changes proportionally with obstacle size and how these movements evolve with age. We recruited fourteen young participants and fourteen older participants. Participants were instructed to step over an obstacle placed five meters away under nine different conditions with varying obstacle dimensions. The smallest obstacle had dimensions of 5 cm × 5 cm (height × depth), and both height and depth were increased by 5 cm increments to reach the largest obstacle size of 15 cm × 15 cm, resulting in three levels each of depth and height conditions. An analysis of variance on the leading-foot clearance revealed significant interactions between height and depth, demonstrating a height-dependent depth effect on clearance, independent of age. Furthermore, significant interactions between height and age were observed for the heel-obstacle distance, which refers to the landing position after stepping over the obstacle. This indicates that older adults consistently landed closer to the same position at each obstacle height, whereas the landing positions of young adults moved farther away as the obstacle height increased. Our findings suggest that although both young and older adults can immediately scale the dimensions of the obstacle and consistently adjust their leading-foot movement accordingly, the landing movements of older adults follow an inflexible strategy that could potentially be riskier.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expansion of perceived passable width in older adults","authors":"Naoki Kuroda ,&nbsp;Ryo Teraoka ,&nbsp;Shinya Harada ,&nbsp;Wataru Teramoto","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humans can perceive whether an aperture is passable; this ability is known as passable width perception. Previous studies have shown that passable width in older adults is larger when walking and suggested the effect of larger body sway in older adults while walking on passable width expansion. However, no studies have directly investigated this. Thus, the present study conducted two experiments to investigate the effect of body instability on passable width perception in young and older adults. In Experiment 1, young and older adult participants kept standing upright with their feet together (i.e., Romberg stance) or with their feet in line (i.e., Tandem stance) while observing various aperture widths presented on a large display at a distance of 3 m. The participants were required to judge whether the aperture was passable without turning their shoulders. During the task, body sway was measured using a motion capture device. The results showed larger sway in the Tandem stance than in the Romberg stance, irrespective of age group; however, a change in perceived passable width was observed only in older adults: it expanded in the unstable condition compared to the stable condition. In Experiment 2, the young adults performed the same task with a more unstable stance (i.e., one-leg standing) than that adopted in Experiment 1. Nevertheless, it did not affect their passable width perception. These results suggest that only older adults exploit the online status of their body sway to estimate their safety margins even during a non-walking situation. Future studies on passable width perception are expected to measure body sway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of induced extrinsic and intrinsic hand and forearm muscular fatigue on the control of finger force during piano playing","authors":"Kuan-Yin Lai ,&nbsp;Chieh-Hsiang Hsu ,&nbsp;Yu-Chen Lin ,&nbsp;Chung-Hung Tsai ,&nbsp;Kai-Nan An ,&nbsp;Fong-Chin Su ,&nbsp;Li-Chieh Kuo","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the effect of hand muscle fatigue on finger control and force efficiency during piano performance, which is crucial for skilled piano playing among professional pianists engaged in prolonged periods of high-intensity practice or concert preparation. Thirty-one professional pianists were recruited as participants. This study was divided into three sequential experimental parts: pre-fatigue test, fatigue protocol, and post-fatigue test. Each participant was assigned eight piano skills and instructed to perform two fatigue tasks: finger extension and finger grasping exercises. The study recorded and analyzed the finger force of professional pianists using a sensor-embedded kinetic assessment piano system; wrist movements were assessed using a three-dimensional motion capture system. Paired <em>t</em>-tests were used to determine the differences between the pre- and post-tests. The findings showed that the average peak striking force of most fingers in Chords 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7 decreased significantly after the fatigue task, indicating a reduction in the finger-striking force following fatigue across the various chord fingerings. The analysis of wrist movements demonstrated strategic adjustments made by pianists after experiencing fatigue, particularly in the ulnar/radial deviation movements. This study highlights the influence of muscle fatigue on finger control and wrist movements of pianists across different fingerings. We recommend that pianists focus on strengthening the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the hand and the muscle groups responsible for controlling ulnar/radial movements to mitigate the effects of muscular fatigue on hand performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of ankle muscle function in gait impairments and fall risk in Parkinson's disease","authors":"Jared W. Skinner ,&nbsp;Alan R. Needle","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly impacts mobility, with gait disturbances and muscle impairments contributing to a fall risk five times higher than similarly aged adults. Falls significantly impact the quality of life in those with PD, yet the role of ankle muscle function in gait disturbances remains underexplored. This study investigated whether deficits in ankle force and steadiness contribute to gait variability and fall risk, potentially uncovering therapeutic targets for fall prevention in individuals with PD compared with age-matched older adults (OA). Methods: A case-control design involving 15 individuals with PD and 15 age-matched OA patients was employed. Gait variables and variability were assessed during a 12-m walking task. Ankle muscle strength and force steadiness were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Statistical analyses, including Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, examined relationships between muscle function and gait variability. Results: The PD group exhibited reduced ankle plantarflexion and dorsiflexion strength compared to OA (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Force steadiness was impaired in the PD group, particularly at lower submaximal intensities. In those with PD, lower plantarflexor (ρ = −0.69) and dorsiflexor (ρ = −0.67) strength were significantly correlated with a higher number of falls, as was impaired force steadiness (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). No significant relationships were observed in the OA group. Conclusions: These findings underscore the critical role of ankle muscle function in influencing gait variability in individuals with PD. The associations between reduced muscle strength, force steadiness, and increased gait variability highlight the potential of targeted ankle muscle-strengthening interventions to mitigate gait disturbances and reduce fall risk in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 103316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}