Human Movement Science最新文献

{"title":"Learning the front crawl by observation: Comparing self- and other-models","authors":"Carola Minkels ,&nbsp;John van der Kamp ,&nbsp;Peter J. Beek","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Observational learning is widely used in skill learning, with self-modeling (i.e., viewing oneself perform at a higher level than currently possessed) emerging as a promising method with potential direct effects through attention/information processes, as well as indirect motivational benefits. However, prior research has yielded mixed results regarding its effectiveness in children learning motor skills and whether its effects are direct, indirect, or both.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study compared the effects of self-modeling, self-observation (i.e., viewing oneself perform at the current level), peer-modeling (i.e., viewing a peer perform at a higher level than the learner), and a control group on front crawl learning and motivation in children aged 5–9 years. The aim of this comparison was to disentangle the direct attentional/informational effects from the indirect motivational effects of self-modeling and observational learning on learning outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty-seven children participated in an eight-week intervention, randomly assigned to one of the four groups. Before practicing the front crawl, participants watched instruction videos featuring either themselves at the same skill level (i.e., self-observation), themselves at a higher skill level (i.e., self-modeling), a peer (i.e., peer-modeling), or a control video of Shrek (control).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All three observational learning interventions led to significantly greater improvements in swimming time than the control group, in the absence of significant differences between the observational interventions. No significant differences were found in motivational beliefs between the four groups. Mediation analyses revealed significant direct effects of all three observational interventions on improvements in swimming time, with no evidence of indirect effects through motivational beliefs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>It appears that, regardless of the model used, observational learning improves children's front crawl learning, but not their motivational beliefs. The effects of observational learning seem to be predominantly direct, enhancing attention and information processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 103398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinematic and kinetic characteristics of graphomotor skills in children with neurodevelopmental disorders: The impact of DCD, ADHD, and ASD traits","authors":"Shin Kataoka ,&nbsp;Akio Nakai ,&nbsp;Satoshi Nobusako","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interest in the development of handwriting skills has been increasing; however, there is no consensus on the handwriting abilities of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and the specific handwriting characteristics associated with each neurodevelopmental disorder remain unclear. This exploratory study examined the preliminary associations between graphomotor skills and neurodevelopmental traits in 17 children (aged 7–11 years) diagnosed with DCD, ADHD, or ASD. The evaluation included handwriting fluency assessments, kinematic/kinetic analyses, and assessments of neurodevelopmental disorder traits. The participants performed tracing tasks involving straight lines, sine waves, and triangular waves using the TraceCoder® system. Graphomotor kinematic/kinetic parameters, including deviation from the baseline, pen pressure, velocity, acceleration, jerk, and area, were quantified. Fluency was assessed using the Understanding Reading and Writing Skills of Schoolchildren II test. Neurodevelopmental traits were evaluated using the DCD Questionnaire, ADHD Rating Scale, and Autism Spectrum Quotient. Increased DCD, ADHD and ASD traits were correlated with deteriorations in graphomotor parameters, such as greater deviation, and increased acceleration, jerk, and pen pressure. In contrast, higher ASD traits were associated with improvements in handwriting fluency. These preliminary findings suggest that graphomotor characteristics may vary depending on specific neurodevelopmental traits, underscoring the potential value of tailored assessments and interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 103388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-limb gait asymmetry in people with Parkinson's disease","authors":"Fabio Augusto Barbieri ,&nbsp;Débora da Silva Fragoso de Campos ,&nbsp;Claudiane Arakaki Fukuchi ,&nbsp;Layla Cupertino ,&nbsp;Nathalia Mendes Pellegrino ,&nbsp;Emanuele Los Angeles ,&nbsp;Daniel Boari Coelho","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gait asymmetry is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), contributing to instability, increased fall risk, and reduced quality of life. While spatiotemporal asymmetry has been widely studied, limited research has examined joint kinematic asymmetries throughout the gait cycle, particularly in both ON- and OFF-medication states. This study evaluated inter-limb asymmetry in lower limb angular kinematics during walking in individuals with PD compared to neurologically healthy older adults. Twenty-three individuals with PD and 18 healthy older adults participated. PD participants were evaluated in ON- and OFF-medication states. A motion capture system recorded angular kinematics of the hip, knee, ankle, and pelvis during a 10-m walk. Spatiotemporal gait parameters, including step length and stride time, were analyzed alongside joint angular displacement. Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) assessed temporal asymmetries between the more and less affected sides. Healthy older adults exhibited no significant asymmetry in joint kinematics. People with PD showed kinematic asymmetries, in both ON and OFF-states, for hip (34 % and 47 % of gait cycle, respectively), knee (30 % and 23 % of gait cycle, respectively), and ankle (29 % of gait cycle – only in OFF-state) movements. Medication had limited effects on reducing kinematic asymmetries. People with PD showed angular asymmetries in the hip, knee, and ankle during different gait cycle phases in ON and OFF states. Detecting significant asymmetry in lower limb angular kinematics suggests that therapeutic approaches should be tailored to address specific inter-limb differences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 103399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility of the MABC-2 for measuring motor impairment in children with ADHD: Examining measurement invariance in children with and without symptoms of ADHD","authors":"M. Bourke ,&nbsp;M.Y. Kwan ,&nbsp;K. Fortnum ,&nbsp;M. O'Flaherty ,&nbsp;S. King-Dowling ,&nbsp;J. Cairney","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is important to screen for motor impairments in ADHD due to high comorbidity, yet little is known about the validity of established and standardized motor assessment batteries in children with symptoms of ADHD. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the utility of using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children – 2nd Edition (MABC-2) in children aged 7–9 years with symptoms of ADHD. To achieve this, measurement invariance of the MABC-2 was examined between children with and without symptoms of ADHD. A total of 479 children (<em>n</em> = 277 boys, <em>n</em> = 387 white, <em>n</em> = 66 with ADHD), participated in this study. Children were classified as having ADHD through parental report on the Conner's Parent Rating Scales. Measurement invariance was assesses using a multi-group CFA. A three correlated factor model (Manual Dexterity, Throwing and Catching, Balance) fit the data extremely well (RMSEA = 0.030, SRMR = 0.030, CFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.981) and configural, metric, scalar, and partial strict invariance was demonstrated between children with and without ADHD. These results provide evidence to support the use of the MABC-2 to assess motor impairments in children with symptoms ADHD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 103389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Multifractality in postural sway supports quiet eye training in aiming tasks: A study of golf putting\" [Human Movement Science, (2025) 103341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2025.103341].","authors":"Noah Jacobson, Quinn Berleman-Paul, Madhur Mangalam, Damian G Kelty-Stephen, Christopher Ralston","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":" ","pages":"103383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can children at risk for developmental coordination disorder step-clap to the beat? Evidence from an online motion tracking study","authors":"Chantal Carrillo ,&nbsp;Dobromir Dotov ,&nbsp;Laurel J. Trainor","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder involving deficits in motor coordination. Recent evidence has shown children at risk for DCD have associated auditory timing perception and auditory-motor synchronization deficits, but it remains unclear how these deficits would appear in full-body coordination tasks, particularly as DCD is often associated with gross motor impairments such as balance and gait. Current interventions for DCD focus on motor training alone, although preliminary findings suggest that motor interventions with rhythmic auditory cueing may confer additional benefit. To investigate auditory-motor synchronization during full-body coordination, we tested whether children aged 9–12 at risk for DCD could synchronize a step-clap dance step to various auditory stimuli using online data collection. Frequency analysis of the tracked head, hands, and feet showed that children at risk for DCD perform the dance step overall slower compared to typically developing children. Cross-correlations of the movements to an interpolated harmonic wave representing the auditory beats showed the group at risk for DCD were less coordinated to the auditory beat compared to typically developing children at the fast tempi, but that both groups performed similarly at slower tempi. Additionally, both groups were more coordinated and less variable at slower compared to faster tempi. These results indicating better performance in children at risk for DCD at slower auditory tempi are important for informing decisions on auditory stimuli during the design of auditory-motor interventions for DCD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103387"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of verbal reinforcement on electromyographic activity and performance in the traditional front plank exercise","authors":"Tamiris Beppler Martins ,&nbsp;Luis Mochizuki ,&nbsp;Iramar Baptistella do Nascimento ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Okubo ,&nbsp;Gilmar Moraes Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Verbal reinforcement may influence neuromuscular responses during exercises, but its specific effects on electromyographic activity and performance during the traditional front plank exercise remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of verbal reinforcement on muscle activation amplitude, median frequency, execution time, and perceived exertion during the front plank exercise.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty physically active adults performed the front plank under two randomized conditions: with and without verbal reinforcement. Electromyography signals were processed to extract amplitude and median frequency using a 1-s window and analyzed with quadratic polynomial models.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>While no significant differences were found between conditions with and without verbal reinforcement in electromyographic amplitude or median frequency (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05), significant differences were observed among muscles in amplitude and frequency coefficients. Verbal reinforcement led to significantly longer execution time (median: 125.9 s vs. 97.0 s, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.49, moderate effect) and increased perceived exertion (odds ratio: 5.09; <em>p</em> = 0.03; Cohen's d = 0.29, small effect).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>These findings suggest that verbal reinforcement does not alter electromyographic behavior; however, it enhances performance duration and perceived exertion, supporting its use in isometric core training.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher entropy in movements may promote enhanced upper limb motor precision","authors":"Kolby J. Brink ,&nbsp;Tyler M. Wiles ,&nbsp;Nick Stergiou ,&nbsp;Aaron D. Likens","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Optimal Movement Variability Hypothesis posits that healthy movements exhibit an optimal structure of variability, characterized by fractal patterns, which confer both stability and flexibility in motor control. This optimal, fractally-structured, variability has been associated with reduced metabolic cost during walking and enhanced resilience to perturbations. However, the full extent of the potential benefits of this variability remains largely unexplored. Our study aims to investigate whether training sessions involving movement synchronization to a variable fractally structured auditory cueing device can also enhance dexterity and reduce miss percentage in a Fitts' law task. Twenty-four participants were randomly assigned to three groups: two groups received training involving wrist oscillations synchronized to an auditory cue with a fractal structure or self-paced wrist oscillations without a cue, while the third group received no training. Following four training sessions, the training groups completed a post-Fitts' Law task to assess any improvements in dexterity, while the untrained group completed the post-Fitts' Law task two weeks after their initial assessment. The results indicated that all groups improved accuracy, although there was no enhancement in the speed of striking the targets. Contrary to our hypothesis, the fractally structured auditory cued training group did not demonstrate superior performance compared to the self-paced and no-training groups. However, subjects who showed improvement on the post-Fitts' Law task exhibited higher movement sample entropy during the training task, irrespective of the training group they were in. These results suggest that while a generalized fractal variability training program may not enhance dexterity for young adults, individuals with high movement unpredictability may possess a greater capability for motor learning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a novel exercise program on the development of motor skills in children with sensory processing disorders (SPD)","authors":"Qichang Mei ,&nbsp;Rui Yang ,&nbsp;Zitong Guo ,&nbsp;Shandana Zeb ,&nbsp;Bernard X.W. Liew ,&nbsp;Justin Fernandez ,&nbsp;Lin Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SPD is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting healthy development and daily functioning. This study investigated the effect of a six-week exercise intervention on gross motor development in SPD group using a controlled trial design with intervention and control groups. Fifty-four children joined this study, categorized into the SPD group receiving therapeutic exercise and the TD (Typically Developing) control group receiving regular physical training. Scores were evaluated pre- and post-intervention using TGMD-3 to assess gross motor development, and further evaluated the scores of the intervention group post-intervention and the control group prior to normal training. Results revealed significantly higher composite, locomotor skills, and ball skills scores in the TD control group than the SPD group pre-intervention, however both groups showed significant improvements in composite scores and the locomotor skills and ball skills scores from pre- to post-intervention. The TD control group showed significantly higher composite scores and ball skills scores post-intervention than the SPD group but not locomotor skills scores. The differences between the TD control group and SPD group reduced substantially post-intervention. SPD group significantly improved physical fitness, motor skills, and expressive abilities. The intervention significantly promoted gross motor development, suggesting that customized exercise programs could improve motor function. Interventions shall focus on enhancing sensory function and promoting gross motor development. Exercise intervention is crucial in improving gross motor function and should be integrated into rehabilitation programs as an essential component.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103384"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of attentional focus and action verbs on bench press performance","authors":"Mitchell Finlay ,&nbsp;David Marchant ,&nbsp;Christina Langley ,&nbsp;Thomas Simpson","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Verbal instructions that direct an individual's attention are crucial for optimising movement and performance. While previous research has consistently demonstrated that an external focus of attention enhances motor performance more effectively than an internal focus of attention, the role of action verbs embedded within attentional focus instructions remains unexplored. This study aimed to assess how different action verbs (push vs. punch) and attentional focus (external vs. internal) influence bench press velocity. Twenty-six physically active participants familiar with the bench press technique completed four conditions: EF-push, EF-punch, IF-push, and IF-punch. Each condition involved performing bench press repetitions with specific verbal instructions. Results indicated that both external focus conditions led to significantly greater bar velocities compared to internal focus conditions, supporting the constrained action hypothesis. Additionally, the action verb “punch” resulted in higher bar velocities than “push,” suggesting that action words influence motor performance in maximal effort tasks. No significant interaction effects were found between attentional focus and action verbs, indicating that their effects on performance are independent. These findings highlight the importance of using externally focused instructions and carefully chosen action words to enhance performance in strength and conditioning tasks. The study contributes to our understanding of how instructional cues can optimise resistance exercise performance and suggests practical applications for coaches and practitioners in designing effective training interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}