Human Movement Science最新文献

{"title":"A temporal quantitative analysis of visuomotor behavior during four twisting somersaults in elite and sub-elite trampolinists","authors":"Eve Charbonneau ,&nbsp;Mickaël Begon ,&nbsp;Thomas Romeas","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vision has previously been correlated with performance in acrobatic sports, highlighting visuomotor expertise adaptations. However, we still poorly understand the visuomotor strategies athletes use while executing twisting somersaults, even though this knowledge might be helpful for skill development. Thus, the present study sought to identify the differences in gaze behavior between elite and sub-elite trampolinists during the execution of four acrobatics of increasing difficulty. Seventeen inertial measurement units and a wearable eye-tracker were used to record the body and gaze kinematics of 17 trampolinists (8 elites, 9 sub-elites). Six typical metrics were analyzed using a mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the <em>Expertise</em> as inter-subject and the <em>Acrobatics</em> as intra-subject factors. To complement this analysis, advanced temporal eye-tracking metrics are reported, such as the dwell time on areas of interest, the scan path on the trampoline bed, the temporal evolution of the gaze orientation endpoint (SPGO), and the time spent executing specific neck and eye strategies. A significant main effect of Expertise was only evidenced in one of the typical metrics, where elite athletes exhibited a higher number of fixations compared to sub-elites (<em>p</em> = 0.033). Significant main effects of <em>Acrobatics</em> were observed on all metrics (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), revealing that gaze strategies are task-dependent in trampolining. The recordings of eyes and neck movements performed in this study confirmed the use of <em>“spotting”</em> at the beginning and end of the acrobatics. They also revealed a unique sport-specific visual strategy that we termed as <em>self-motion detection</em>. This strategy consists of not moving the eyes during fast head rotations, a strategy mainly used by trampolinists during the twisting phase. This study proposes a detailed exploration of trampolinists' gaze behavior in highly realistic settings and a temporal description of the visuomotor strategies to enhance understanding of perception-action interactions during the execution of twisting somersaults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the optimal challenge point for learning motor skills in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder","authors":"Mohammad Tollabi ,&nbsp;Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni ,&nbsp;Elahe Arabameri ,&nbsp;Mehdi Shahbazi ,&nbsp;Keith R. Lohse","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal challenge point for learning motor skills in children with and without attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Ninety-six 9- to 10-year-old children, including 48 children with ADHD and 48 neurotypical children, were randomly assigned to one of four practice groups with varying levels of nominal and functional task difficulty. They performed 63 trials of a dart throwing task in the acquisition phase and 18 trials in the retention and transfer tests a day later. The results showed that neurotypical children outperformed children with ADHD in all phases of the study. Both groups improved in the acquisition phase and performed better in the retention and transfer tests. Interestingly, low nominal task difficulty was associated with better learning for both groups, despite lower average performance for children with ADHD. Thus, despite their performance differences, we did not find a difference in the effective challenge point between children with ADHD and their neurotypical peers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movement variability and limb loading symmetry during simulated daily functional tasks","authors":"Jill E. Streamer ,&nbsp;Robin M. Queen","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Movement variability describes an individual's capacity to repeatedly perform motor skills and provides better understanding of coordination during a task. The purpose of this research was to assess the impact that task type and sex assigned at birth have on movement variability and load symmetry in healthy younger adults. It was hypothesized that the between trial variability of peak impact force and average loading rate would not differ between sexes or between tasks (level walking, stair ascent, stair descent, and sit-to-stand) and that load symmetry would not differ between the four tasks for an individual participant using a level of significance of α = 0.05. Peak impact force (PIF) and average loading rate (ALR) were measured during level walking, stair ascent and descent, and sit-to-stand using loadsol® sensors collecting at 200 Hz (Novel Electronics, Pittsburg, PA, USA). Coefficients of variation (CV) and the Absolute Symmetry Index (ASI) were used to assess symmetry and movement variability. Between the 39 female and 33 male young adults that participated in this study, significant differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) were observed between groups for mass, height, and limb length. PIF did not show an interaction between sex and task (<em>p</em> = 0.627) or between sexes (<em>p</em> = 0.685) but did show between-task differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The PIF ASI also showed a difference between tasks (p &lt; 0.001). Tukey's post hoc testing showed that the PIF ASI differences between the sit-to-stand task and the other tasks were clinically meaningful (<em>d</em> &gt; 0.8). The ALR did not show an interaction between sex and task (<em>p</em> = 0.069) or between sexes (<em>p</em> = 0.624) but did show between-task differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Tukey's showed that the ALR was different between tasks and was clinically meaningful (<em>d</em> &gt; 0.8) except between level walking and stair ascent (<em>p</em> = 0.546). The ALR ASI showed a different between tasks (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Tukey's showed that the ALR ASI differences between tasks were all clinically meaningful (<em>d</em> &gt; 0.8) except between level walking and stair ascent (<em>p</em> = 0.220).These findings suggest that the movement variability for all loading metrics that existed between tasks could be due to difference in motor control and the width of the base of support needed to complete the various tasks. For example, the joint coordination to complete a sit-to-stand task is different than what is needed during walking, stair ascent and stair descent. Understanding variability observed between daily tasks helps identify movement patterns that could be potential risk factors for injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-task interference of reactive stepping kinematics for balance recovery strategies in older adults","authors":"Hideyuki Tashiro ,&nbsp;Sota Hirosaki ,&nbsp;Yui Sato ,&nbsp;Hikaru Ihira ,&nbsp;Megumi Toki ,&nbsp;Naoki Kozuka","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To characterize the interference of reactive stepping kinematics related to the increase or maintenance of the number of steps in response to a large perturbation during dual tasks among older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a cross-sectional study that included 52 community-dwelling healthy older adults. Reactive stepping performance was analyzed after forward balance loss during a single task and a second cognitive task. The number of steps taken to recover balance and dual-task interference (DTI) for muscular onset latency, anteroposterior (AP) center of pressure (COP) displacement and velocity before step initiation, and step temporal and spatial variables were measured. The DTI of the variables was compared between the participants who increased versus those who maintained the number of steps taken during the dual task relative to the single task.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-eight (53.8 %) participants increased their steps during dual tasks relative to a single task. In older adults, the AP COP peak velocity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and step length (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) were significantly worse during dual tasks than during a single task. However, this was not observed for older adults who did not increase their steps. The DTI for the AP COP peak velocity and step length were significantly larger for the older adults who increased their steps than those who did not (AP COP peak velocity; <em>P</em> = 0.044, step length; <em>P</em> = 0.003). Both groups showed a significant muscular onset delay during dual tasks than during a single task (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and no significant differences were found between the groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings suggest that reactive stepping strategies in older adults after a large external perturbation during secondary cognitive tasks can be attributed to interference with COP control before step initiation and step length.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impairment in understanding grasping movements in egocentric and allocentric perspectives in children with cerebral palsy due to periventricular leukomalacia","authors":"Francesca Tinelli ,&nbsp;Giulia Purpura ,&nbsp;Giovanni Cioni ,&nbsp;Maria Concetta Morrone ,&nbsp;Marco Turi","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recognizing and understanding the actions of others through motion information are vital functions for social adaptation. Conditions like neurological disorders and motor impairments can impact sensitivity to biological motion, highlighting the intricate relationship between perceiving and executing movements. Our study centred on assessing the ability of children, encompassing both those with typical development and those diagnosed with cerebral palsy due to periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), to discriminate between depicted grasping of a small cylinder and a large cube. This discrimination task involved observing a point-light animation depicting an actor grasping the object, presented from either an allocentric perspective (observing others) or an egocentric viewpoint (observing oneself). Notably, children with PVL exhibited a pronounced and specific impairment in this task, irrespective of the viewpoint, as evidenced by thresholds increasing by nearly a factor of two. When comparing this impairment to difficulties in form or motion perception, we identified a robust correlation between egocentric biological motion and form sensitivity. However, there was no similar correlation between motion and biological motion sensitivity, suggesting a deficit in the visual system rather than the visuo-motor control system. These findings contribute to our understanding of the intricate interplay between motor and visual processing in individuals with congenital brain lesions, shedding light on the significant involvement of the visual system in cases of PVL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167945724001179/pdfft?md5=386f86a8c00641e2bc853ce92c31aff4&pid=1-s2.0-S0167945724001179-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Top speed sprinting: Thigh angular motion and eccentric hamstring strength in faster vs. slower sprinters","authors":"Tobias Alt ,&nbsp;Igor Komnik ,&nbsp;Laurence J. Ryan ,&nbsp;Kenneth P. Clark","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sprinting at maximum velocity requires fast angular motion of the thigh and effective hamstring function for optimum performance and injury prevention. In this cross-sectional investigation of 21 male sprinters, we acquired thigh angular kinematics while sprinting at top speed (range: 8.96–10.17 m/s), and then measured eccentric hamstring strength capacities using an isokinetic dynamometer during the same test session. In agreement with the hypotheses, thigh angular motion rates and the associated eccentric hamstring strength capacities were both significantly correlated with top speed (<em>r</em>-values: ∼0.5; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, when the participants were sorted by top speed, there were significant differences between the faster group and the slower group. Notably, on average the faster group showed faster thigh motion (angular acceleration: 10.3 kdeg/s², 11 % greater than slower group) and higher eccentric hamstring strength capacities (peak moment: 2.26 Nm/kg, 14 % greater than slower group). This investigation indicates that fast thigh angular motion and eccentric hamstring strength are both important for sprint performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of gaze behaviors, body movements, and bicycle movements during cycling on a straight and narrow path","authors":"Takashi Kojima ,&nbsp;Masahiro Kokubu","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cycling requires the integration of gaze behaviors, body movements, and bicycle movements. However, whether these movements contribute to skilled cycling performance, such as cycling on straight and narrow paths are uncertain. The present study aimed to differentiate optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) from vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) that characterize the relationship between eye and head movements during cycling on straight and narrow path, and to identify gaze behaviors, body movements, and bicycle movements that contribute to cycling performance. Nineteen participants with no prior competitive experience cycled three times on a 12-cm wide path. The participants were asked to avoid deviating from the path as much as possible. The measured variables were gaze behavior in a sagittal plane, body movement, and bicycle movement. As a result, OKN was observed among 16 of the 19 participants. The cross-correlation between the eye and head did not show negative value, indicating the absence of VOR. These results suggest that the participants moved their eyes while keeping their heads stable during cycling on a straight and narrow path. In the results of the multiple regression analysis, the variables with small standard deviations (SD) of the steering angle and upward eye position were related to a lower deviation from the path. These results suggest that a small SD of the steering angle and directed gaze in the forward direction may contribute to skilled cycling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of gait retraining in knee joint position sense","authors":"Patricia C. Teran-Wodzinski ,&nbsp;H. John Yack ,&nbsp;J. Cole Kelly ,&nbsp;Yangxin Huang ,&nbsp;Yayi Zhao ,&nbsp;Irene S. Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Joint position sense (JPS) is crucial for maintaining posture, protecting joints, and carrying out daily activities such as walking. Studies show that exercises to strengthen muscles and improve proprioception can positively impact JPS during passive and less complex activities. Evidence suggests that motor training can effectively enhance sensory function, including JPS, due to the extensive connections between the motor cortex and somatosensory areas. Gait retraining using real-time feedback has improved outcomes among patients with musculoskeletal disorders. The effect of gait retraining on JPS has not been investigated. This study assessed the effects of gait retraining to reduce knee extension in joint position sense in individuals with knee hyperextension walking patterns.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Ten women with asymptomatic knee hyperextension (KH) &gt;5° during overground walking participated in this study. Sagittal-plane kinematics were assessed using a three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system. The JPS was assessed using the Knee Position Active Reproduction Test. The knee with the highest hyperextension was the focus of the gait retraining intervention, which consisted of six 1-h sessions using verbal instructions and visual kinematic feedback. Comparisons of peak knee extension during walking and knee JPS overall error (RMSE) were made using a paired <em>t</em>-test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Gait retraining intervention significantly reduced knee extension angle during walking (83.8 % change; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; Cohen's d = −1.6) and improved knee JPS (62 % change; <em>p</em> = 0.023; Cohen's d = 0.8) post-training. In addition, the improvements in joint kinematics (36.7 % change; <em>p</em> = 0.005; Cohen's d = −1.2) and JPS (52.6 % change; <em>p</em> = 0.015; Cohen's d = 0.9) were observed in the untrained knee.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>Gait retraining can improve joint position sense. This study addresses a gap in our understanding of how gait retraining can influence JPS. Our results corroborate that gait retraining is an evolving and promising strategy for improving gait outcomes, particularly in individuals with KH walking patterns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of motor capacity and neuromotor control for tapping and sliding movements reveals differences in visuomotor control","authors":"Andrew Chaston ,&nbsp;Naomi Thomas ,&nbsp;Ewa Niechwiej-Szwedo","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Fitts' task is a simple and effective method for evaluating motor capacity that can be used to reveal detailed aspects of visuomotor control when hand and eye kinematics are recorded simultaneously. With advances in technology, the classical Fitts' reciprocal tapping task was modified for use with digitizer tablets and computer screens that require sliding rather than tapping hand movements, which may rely on different visuomotor control strategies. Given the ubiquity of digital devices and touchscreens that often require execution of sliding movements, it is important to compare the underlying visuomotor control and eye-hand coordination involved in reciprocal sliding and tapping movements, which was the aim of the current study. Twelve young adults performed both tasks while their hand and eye movements were recorded. Results revealed motor capacity was significantly higher (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001, d = 2.67) in the tapping task (19.62 ± 5.89 bits/s) compared to the sliding task (7.87 ± 2.02 bits/s). Examining hand kinematics showed the deceleration interval was significantly longer in the sliding compared to the tapping task at the lowest task difficulty (ID 2.28: 0.160 s ± 0.026 vs 0.129 s ± 0.017; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), which was exacerbated as task difficulty increased (ID 6.97: 0.355 s ± 0.059 vs 0.226 s ± 0.020, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001), indicating greater reliance on visual feedback during the sliding task. Examining temporal eye-hand coordination pattern showed that hand movement initiation tended to precede eye movement in both tasks. Overall, the results of this study provide a comprehensive examination of eye and hand kinematics demonstrating salient differences in visuomotor control between tapping and sliding movements. The findings also reveal a novel insight into the temporal pattern of eye-hand coordination for reciprocal tapping and sliding movements, which is in contrast to previous studies that examined discrete (rather than reciprocal) target-directed pointing movements where the eyes typically precede the hand by approximately 100 ms. In conclusion, the current study revealed substantial differences between the two tasks, one major finding being the sliding movements were performed slower compared to parabolic tapping hand movements, which may have implications for designing interactive digital devices and assessment of eye-hand coordination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167945724001040/pdfft?md5=958f9c617013a605d44934e020433286&pid=1-s2.0-S0167945724001040-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromuscular adaptations to perturbation-based balance training using treadmill belt accelerations do not transfer to an obstacle trip in older people: A cross-over randomised controlled trial","authors":"Steven Phu ,&nbsp;Daina L. Sturnieks ,&nbsp;Patrick Y.H. Song ,&nbsp;Stephen R. Lord ,&nbsp;Yoshiro Okubo","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2024.103273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study examined (i) adaptations in muscle activity following perturbation-based balance training (PBT) using treadmill belt-accelerations or PBT using walkway trips and (ii) whether adaptations during treadmill PBT transfer to a walkway trip.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Thirty-eight older people (65+ years) undertook two PBT sessions, including 11 treadmill belt-accelerations and 11 walkway trips. Surface electromyography (EMG) was measured bilaterally on the rectus femoris (RF), tibialis anterior (TA), semitendinosus (ST) and gastrocnemius medial head (GM) during the first (T1) and eleventh (T11) perturbations. Adaptations (within-subjects - 1st vs 11th perturbations for treadmill and walkway PBT) and their transfer (between-subjects – 1st walkway trip after treadmill PBT vs 1st walkway trip with no prior training) effects were examined for the EMG parameters.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Treadmill PBT reduced post-perturbation peak muscle activation magnitude (left RF, TA, ST, right RF, ST, GM), onset latency (right TA), time to peak (right RF) and co-contraction index (knee muscles) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Walkway PBT reduced post-trip onset latencies (right TA, ST), peak magnitude (left ST, right GM), time to peak (right RF, ST) and pre-perturbation muscle activity (right TA) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Those who undertook treadmill PBT were not different to those without prior training during the first walkway trip (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Both treadmill and walkway PBT induced earlier initiation and peak activation of right limb muscles responsible for the first recovery step. Treadmill PBT also reduced co-contraction of the knee muscles. Adaptations in muscle activity following treadmill PBT did not transfer to a walkway trip.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"97 ","pages":"Article 103273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}