Human Movement Science最新文献

{"title":"Degeneracy of the perceptual-motor system for aperture crossing in cycling","authors":"Pierre Vauclin ,&nbsp;Duarte Araújo ,&nbsp;Jon Wheat ,&nbsp;Ludovic Seifert","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2026.103453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2026.103453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cycling requires individuals to perceive which behaviour are possible and which are not, and select the most appropriate behaviour among available possibilities to perform successfully. This study investigated whether and how cyclists with different crossing abilities exploit perceptual-motor system degeneracy to cross narrower aperture widths, in particular whether cyclists with higher crossing ability exploit degeneracy by using more complex action modes to cross narrower aperture widths. Fifteen participants whose crossing ability ranged from −16 cm to +2 cm in relation to the bike handlebar width were observed as they crossed different aperture widths. Handlebars' turning and bike’ lean’ angles were recorded using a Qualisys system and were extracted at the moment of crossing to determine different action modes: <em>facing, leaning, turning,</em> and a combination of <em>turning and leaning.</em> Data revealed that cyclists exploit different actions modes between and within aperture width conditions, confirming the exploitation of degeneracy property. However, skills of the cyclists with lowest maximal action capability were confined to the relatively simple modes of action, restricting their ability to cross narrower apertures and to be less successful when acting close to their action boundaries. On the other side, cyclists with highest maximal action capability adapted to task constraint by using more complex action modes, which allowed them to be successful when acting close to their action boundaries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103453"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Providing choice boosts immediate force production in adolescents with ADHD","authors":"Miguel Villa-de Gregorio ,&nbsp;Reza Abdollahipour ,&nbsp;Ludvík Valtr ,&nbsp;Dagmar Kristín Hannesdóttir ,&nbsp;Miriam Palomo-Nieto ,&nbsp;Irene Ramón-Otero","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2026.103463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2026.103463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often struggle with motor skill performance, which can reduce their participation in sports and physical activities. This may be due to a lack of personal relevance and a sensitivity to controlling environments that reduce motivation. Since autonomy support has been shown to enhance motor performance across different motor tasks and populations, this study aimed to investigate its effects on the immediate motor performance of adolescents with ADHD during a maximum force production task. Twenty-six adolescents aged 13 to 15 (mean age = 14.1 years, 20 boys and 6 girls) participated in a within-subjects experimental design, where each performed six maximum force attempts (three attempts each hand) using a dynamometer under two conditions: choice and no-choice. In the choice condition, participants selected the order in which they used their preferred and non-preferred hands, while in the no-choice condition, they completed six attempts in an order that matched the sequence chosen by the previous participant. A 20-s rest was given between each attempt. Once participants had finished six attempts in each condition, they were asked to fill out the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory. The results showed that maximum force production, as well as self-reported interest/enjoyment, and perceived competence, were all higher in the choice condition compared to the no-choice condition. No significant differences were found in the perception of choice or pressure/tension. These findings suggest that even small opportunities for autonomy-support can improve motor performance and positively influence factors that predict intrinsic motivation specifically, interest/enjoyment and perceived competence<strong>,</strong> in adolescents with ADHD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of task constraints on postural control regularity in autistic children","authors":"Letícia Paes Silva ,&nbsp;Clarissa Cardoso dos Santos Couto Paz ,&nbsp;Mariana Rodrigues Carvalho de Aquino ,&nbsp;Priscila Albuquerque de Araújo ,&nbsp;Ana Carla Moreira Lara ,&nbsp;Maria Rita Gonçalves Tavares ,&nbsp;Líria Akie Okai de Albuquerque Nóbrega ,&nbsp;Juliana Melo Ocarino ,&nbsp;Thales Rezende de Souza ,&nbsp;Sérgio Teixeira da Fonseca","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2026.103451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2026.103451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>AIM: Postural Control (PC) impairments in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are well-documented, influencing other developmental areas. Superimposing motor tasks on the PC can exacerbate these impairments and highlights the need to investigate PC in various contexts. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the regularity of PC in autistic children under different task conditions. METHOD: 24 autistic children, matched with typically developing (TD) children, were assessed for PC under three conditions: standing, sitting, and sitting while performing a fine motor task. The regularity of PC was evaluated using Multiscale Entropy. RESULTS: Autistic children showed more regular PC than TD children across all tasks (<em>p</em> = 0.032). A significant task effect (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) indicated that PC regularity differed across the three task conditions. However, no group-by-task interaction was revealed (<em>p</em> = 0.697), indicating consistent group differences across tasks. Planned contrasts confirmed these differences between ASD and TD groups for each task. Autistic children had lower entropy (more regular postural patterns), indicating more predictive PC and lower adaptability. It was also observed that all task demands affected the PC. The result suggests that PC in autistic children is influenced by the interaction among the organism's properties, the characteristics of the base of support, and the task goal, highlighting the need to consider these constraints when assessing or designing interventions for this population. These findings may help explain challenges autistic children experience in everyday motor activities that require flexible postural adjustments, reinforcing the importance of considering task constraints in functional contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103451"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of gait speed on the responses to immediate and prolonged exposure to mediolateral optic flow perturbation in healthy young adults","authors":"Chunchun Wu ,&nbsp;Tom J.W. Buurke ,&nbsp;Rob den Otter ,&nbsp;Claudine J.C. Lamoth ,&nbsp;Menno P. Veldman","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2026.103467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2026.103467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Optic flow is vital for locomotor control and is often perturbed to study the impact of optic flow on balance control. However, it remains unclear whether gait speed influences responses to such perturbations. This study aims to examine the effects of gait speed on gait parameters following immediate and prolonged exposure to mediolateral optic flow perturbations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-one young adults (23.43 ± 4.19 years) walked on an instrumented treadmill, including 3 phases: baseline (3 min), perturbation with mediolateral optic flow (8 min), and post-perturbation (3 min). Trials were conducted at 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 m/s. Ground reaction forces and 3D motion data were collected to calculate mediolateral margin of stability (MoS), mean step length (SL), step width (SW) and their variabilities. Three repeated-measures ANOVAs (Speed by Phase) were used to compare: baseline vs. early perturbation, early vs. late perturbation, and baseline vs. post-perturbation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The responses to immediate and prolonged exposure to optic flow perturbation were speed dependent. Walking at slow speeds induced greater immediate responses in mediolateral gait parameters (SW and mediolateral MoS, both <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) compared to walking at faster speeds. During the perturbation phase, the adaptations were larger at faster vs. slower speeds for gait parameters in the direction of movement (SL, <em>p</em> = 0.007).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Immediate responses and adaptations to mediolateral optic flow perturbations are speed-dependent and larger at slower gait speeds. The responses to prolonged perturbation are interpreted as step-to-step adaptations that may inform future interventions and studies on gait speed selection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103467"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor dance creativity shows limited associations with other creative behaviours. Exploring domain-specificity in middle-aged adults","authors":"Carlota Torrents,&nbsp;Cristina Calvo-Estelrich","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2026.103450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2026.103450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extent to which motor creativity relates to overall creativity still remains unclear, especially in adults without prior experience in dance. This study explored the associations between motor dance creativity, figural creativity, and self-reported measures of creative dispositions in 71 middle-aged adults (age_mean = 52.8 ± 5.4; 65 females and 16 males). Participants completed validated questionnaires on creative self-efficacy, emotional creativity, ideational behaviour, and lifetime creative actions, alongside two performance-based tests: a motor improvisation dance task and the Test of Creative Thinking – Drawing Production. Correlation and regression analyses were used to identify potential relationships among these measures, complemented by an exploratory factor analysis to examine their latent structure. Results revealed that motor dance creativity was significantly associated with figural creativity and creative self-efficacy, but not with other self-reports. Regression models showed that creative self-efficacy was the only significant predictor of motor dance creativity, while lifetime creative actions best predicted figural creativity. The factor analysis supported a two-factor structure, differentiating performance-based measures from self-report measures, with limited overlap. These findings offer exploratory evidence that motor dance creativity is only modestly connected to other creative behaviours, supporting its domain-specific and embodied nature. The study adds to the debate on the generality versus specificity of creativity and underscores the importance of embodied, context-dependent approaches for understanding creative behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical activity during supported and unsupported choice-stepping reaction time tasks in young and older people: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study","authors":"Jasmine C. Menant ,&nbsp;Paulo H.S. Pelicioni ,&nbsp;Daina L. Sturnieks ,&nbsp;Stephen R. Lord","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2026.103464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2026.103464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is strong evidence from dual-task studies that balance requires cortical input. Yet, whether this cortical activity requirement relates disproportionally to balance control or simply to the undertaking of any motor task is unclear. Potential effects of aging on this relationship are also unknown. We investigated the effects of supporting balance control during cognitively demanding stepping tasks, on cortical activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), supplementary motor area (SMA) and premotor cortex (PMC), in healthy young and older people. Thirty-two young and 48 older people performed the choice stepping reaction time (CSRT), inhibitory CSRT (iCSRT) and stroop stepping (SST) tasks on a computerised step mat, in two randomly presented support conditions: supported standing using armrests and unsupported free standing. We measured mean stepping response times, step errors and cortical activity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Both young and older participants had slower response times across the three stepping tasks in the unsupported condition compared with the supported condition (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), and this was accompanied by increased cortical activation in the PFC, SMA and PMC in the CSRT task in the young cohort only (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05): findings supporting the involvement of these cortical regions in balance control. The similar cortical activity levels between the supported and unsupported conditions for both groups in the iCSRT and SST tasks may indicate the cognitive component of these tasks overshaded the motor component in these more cognitively demanding tasks and/or that these tasks promoted automaticity of postural control by distracting participants from focusing on maintaining balance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 103464"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinematic synergies in upper-limb drawing tasks: Effects of geometric complexity on fine motor control","authors":"Zixin Zhou ,&nbsp;Zheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A quantitative assessment of fine motor abilities, as well as the design and optimisation of prosthetic and rehabilitation exoskeletons, can be supported by joint kinematic synergy analysis. However, extant research has primarily focused on discrete movements, offering limited insight into the coordination mechanisms underlying continuous fine motor tasks. This has resulted in considerable challenges with regard to practical implementation in both clinical and engineering contexts. The present study investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of upper-limb joint synergies during drawing tasks involving targets of varying geometric compålexity. Angular velocity data from 17 upper-limb joints were collected from 15 healthy participants. Non-negative matrix factorization identified eight synergy modules that collectively accounted for over 90 % of the motion variance. An analysis of the spatial aspect reveals a correlation between increased target complexity and enhanced kinematic independence of distal joints. A parallel analysis of the temporal aspect demonstrates a close relationship between synergy activation patterns and the stability requirements of the task. Furthermore, geometric shape—rather than complexity level alone—emerged as the predominant factor influencing synergistic coordination strategies. These findings contribute to the enhancement of our understanding of continuous motor coordination and provide a data-driven foundation for clinical assessment, rehabilitation training, and the development of assistive technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 103430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives on sports analytics to inform constraint manipulation, representative learning and functional variability in practice design","authors":"Ben Teune ,&nbsp;Harjiv Singh ,&nbsp;Sam Robertson","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the prevalence of technology and data use increases in sports, new opportunities exist to support practitioners by informing practice design. In turn, analytical techniques which leverage this data can be used to further bring life to frameworks of skill acquisition such as the constraints-led approach. Machine learning in particular presents as a viable method to reveal detailed insights, as it can consider multivariate and non-linear relationships. In the field of skill acquisition, a variety of different algorithms are well suited to help operationalise principles of constraint manipulations, representative learning design and functional variability. Specifically, decision trees or random forests may benefit coaches by predicting how constraints can be manipulated to facilitate player behaviour. Rule association can identify interacting constraints within the competition environment which can then be replicated in practice. Clustering techniques may be beneficial to assign similar player movements, or activity repetitions, into groups, allowing coaches to manipulate training variability by prescribing movement types from various groups. These techniques are proposed as methods to support coaches and applied sport scientists’ use of technology and data, as well as enhance their decision-making regarding practice design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 103447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145812285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From real to virtual: Kinematic adjustments in gait biomechanics of healthy older adults","authors":"Emanuele Los Angeles ,&nbsp;Layla Cupertino ,&nbsp;Nathalia Mendes Pellegrino ,&nbsp;Brenda Luciano de Souza ,&nbsp;Claudiane Arakaki Fukuchi ,&nbsp;Daniel Boari Coelho","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Virtual reality (VR) technology has emerged as a valuable tool for gait rehabilitation, offering controlled and immersive environments that simulate real-world scenarios. Although little is known about how immersive VR affects gait biomechanics in older adults, we specifically investigate how walking in VR influences lower-limb kinematics compared to walking in a non-VR environment. Healthy older adults walked at their self-selected speed on an instrumented treadmill. VR participants experienced a fully immersive virtual industrial environment using the Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment (CAREN) system, while non-VR participants walked without a virtual environment. Kinematics were analyzed using one-dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping to compare the VR and non-VR conditions across the gait cycle. Dimensionless gait speed was also assessed to ensure consistency in walking pace between groups. No significant differences were found between the VR and non-VR groups in dimensionless gait speed. However, phase-specific differences were observed in pelvic tilt, hip adduction/abduction, and ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion. These differences were small in magnitude (largest ≈4°) and within ranges often reported for measurement error or minimal detectable change in kinematics; therefore, they should be interpreted cautiously and as associations observed under differing acquisition/processing pipelines rather than as definitive effects attributable to VR. While overall speed was preserved, older adults made localized joint-level adjustments during specific gait phases, suggesting that immersive visual conditions interact with sensorimotor control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 103434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145651704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contextual interference enhances vertical transfer of fine motor skill from upper to lower limbs","authors":"Satoshi Kasahara ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Saito ,&nbsp;Linjing Jiang ,&nbsp;Kazumasa Yoshimi ,&nbsp;Shikino Abe ,&nbsp;Tomoya Ishida ,&nbsp;Yuta Koshino ,&nbsp;Mina Samukawa ,&nbsp;Harukazu Tohyama","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>While contextual interference (CI) is known to facilitate motor learning, its role in promoting interlimb transfer—particularly from the upper to the lower limb—remains underexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examined how different practice schedules (random vs. serial) influence the transfer of fine force control both horizontally (to the contralateral hand) and vertically (to the contralateral ankle).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty healthy young adults (<em>N</em> = 30; Male = 21, Female = 9; Mean age: 21.9 ± 1.6 years) were divided equally into a random (RTG: <em>N</em> = 15) or serial (STG: N = 15) schedule group. Most participants were right-handed, with three left-handed individuals included across the two groups. Participants practiced a force-matching task with their non-dominant hand using either a random or serial schedule. Transfer effects were assessed in the contralateral hand and ankle at four target force levels (20–80 % of maximal voluntary contraction, MVC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both practice conditions improved force control in the contralateral hand (<em>p</em> &lt; .05), indicating horizontal transfer. However, vertical transfer to the foot emerged only after random practice (p &lt; .05) and was limited to moderate and high force levels. These findings suggest that the interaction between task difficulty and practice variability critically influences the extent and direction of interlimb transfer.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>High CI practice promotes vertical transfer of motor skill when task demands are sufficiently challenging. These results highlight the importance of training structure in facilitating the generalization of motor control across limbs, offering practical implications for skill acquisition in both athletic and rehabilitation settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 103428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}