Human Movement Science最新文献

{"title":"Association between fine motor function and fundamental cooking skills in preschool-aged children","authors":"Rachael Harmon,&nbsp;Matthew Beerse,&nbsp;Diana Cuy Castellanos","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Early exposure to performing cooking skills at a young age might have the dual capability to improve nutrition behavior and fine motor function. While some evidence has demonstrated the positive benefits for nutrition behavior, there is a paucity of evidence relating cooking skills to fine motor function.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>Is better cooking skills (CS) performance associated with better fine motor skills (FMS) in preschool-aged children and what are the shoulder and elbow joint control strategies employed during cooking skill performance?</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study of preschool-aged children. Thirty-eight participants aged 3–5 years (17 males, 20 females; mean age = 3.89 years, sd = 0.7 years) were recruited through non-randomized, convenience sampling. Participants completed the Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT) and Circle Drawing Test to assess fine motor skills, and four CS: stirring, mashing, spooning, and spreading. A piloted criterion-based test was implemented to score both the outcome and movement performance of each CS. Total CS ability was calculated as the summed total of each CS composite score. An inertial measurement unit motion capture system registered elbow and shoulder joint kinematics during the performance of the cooking skills.</div></div><div><h3>Results and significance</h3><div>Correlation analyses indicated that better NHPT performance was associated with higher total CS score, mashing performance, and spreading performance. In general, children that demonstrated better fine motor function via the NHPT maintained a more anatomically neutral shoulder joint position and faster average joint velocities during the performance of CS. Independent <em>t</em>-tests indicated that there were no sex differences between male and female children on the CS nor FMS performance. Our results demonstrated preliminary evidence suggesting an association between cooking skills performance and fine motor function, as well as initial characterization of cooking skill movement patterns associated with more adept fine motor control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy and stability in non-immersive VR: How display type and body position influence motor performance","authors":"Madison Weinrich ,&nbsp;Osmar P. Neto ,&nbsp;Yiyu Wang ,&nbsp;Renee Abbott ,&nbsp;Michael Walsh ,&nbsp;Ana Diaz-Artiles ,&nbsp;Deanna M. Kennedy","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of virtual and augmented reality spans various domains, including education, entertainment, healthcare, the military, sports, telecommunications, and space exploration. These technological advancements have profoundly transformed how millions of people interact with and navigate their environments. However, the impact of display type and body position on motor performance remains underexplored. This study aims to elucidate how these environmental constraints affect bimanual coordination by comparing performance under two display conditions: virtual reality (VR) goggles and projected screen. Participants (<em>N</em> = 12), all right-limb dominant, performed a continuous 1:1 bimanual force coordination task with a 90° relative phase offset using Lissajous plots as visual feedback. Performance was assessed in two body positions (upright and recumbent) manipulated by a tilt table. The results revealed that using VR goggles minimized performance differences between the upright and recumbent positions, suggesting that using VR goggles stabilizes motor coordination by reducing perceptual distractions and mitigating environmental constraints. In contrast, the projection screen condition demonstrated higher force coherence in the 8–12 Hz band during the recumbent condition compared to the upright position, indicative of force synchronization differences related to body position. However, the projected screen group displayed lower absolute error during the recumbent positions. This suggests that while VR goggles support consistent motor output across varied postures by simplifying perceptual input, projection screens may enhance motor synchronization and attention under controlled conditions due to more straightforward visual processing. These findings highlight a trade-off between display types: VR offers stability and adaptability, making it advantageous for tasks that require consistent performance across changing postures, whereas projection screens may be better suited for tasks requiring precise motor control and heightened attentional focus. The study underscores the need for task-specific considerations in the design and use of display environments for training, rehabilitation, and motor coordination tasks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optic flow and cycling effort: Where to look to go faster","authors":"Sem Otten ,&nbsp;Ruud J.R. Den Hartigh ,&nbsp;Frank T.J.M. Zaal ,&nbsp;Benoît G. Bardy ,&nbsp;Christophe Gernigon","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optic flow can significantly influence the perception and exertion of effort. In this study, we investigated the effects of exposure to proximal and distal areas of the optic flow field on exerted and perceived cycling effort. Thirty cyclists participated in two 20-min cycling trials within a virtual reality environment, with the goal of surpassing the power output achieved during a baseline trial. During these trials, they viewed the environment through a proximal or distal window, in counterbalanced order. We measured the cyclists' exerted effort on a bicycle trainer, and recorded their responses regarding perceived effort and psychological momentum experience. A one-way repeated measures ANCOVA with average baseline power as a covariate revealed a significant difference in exerted effort between the proximal and distal condition, with higher average exerted effort in the proximal condition. However, a significant interaction effect between condition and baseline power indicated that the beneficial effect of the proximal condition was mainly present for lower-level cyclists. We observed no significant differences in perceived effort or psychological momentum. These findings provide novel insights into the relation between optic flow and cycling effort, and call for new research on the mechanisms underlying this relation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpersonal coordination in a ball-and-beam paradigm: Transfer of skill from solo action to joint action","authors":"Marijn S.J. Hafkamp,&nbsp;Remy Casanova,&nbsp;Reinoud J. Bootsma","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interpersonal coordination is paramount to the success of a joint action. While the pattern formation process of interpersonal coordination is relatively well understood, models like HKB lack an ecological dimension that relates the motor pattern to the environment. We investigated this dimension in a two-step study using the ball-and-beam paradigm. Participants rolled a ball back-and-forth between two targets on a beam, by manipulating the beam inclination either individually or dyadically. In an (earlier reported) first step, 16 participants performed two solo action sessions of the task, allowing us to identify pertinent performance characteristics. Here, those participants were paired into 8 dyads to perform a joint action session, allowing us to assess the solo-to-joint transfer of those characteristics. Over blocks, dyads improved their performance by increasing the ball speed and accuracy. While the relative variability of the beam's inclination angle decreased, the range and the timing of the beam motion remained unchanged. Variables (indirectly) related to ball speed, such as the range and timing of the beam motion, were strongly propagated from solo to joint action, while the variables related to ball accuracy, like the beam variability, were only moderately transferred. Most dyads established an anti-phase mode of coordination, with a significant decrease in phase variability over blocks. We also observed significant asymmetries in the coordination. Dyad members with a better solo-action performance were more likely to lead the interaction. We concluded that interpersonal coordination in the ball-and-beam paradigm emerged from the interaction, while being constrained by the goal of the task.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skill level influences the learning of a taekwondo-based serial task","authors":"Cláudio Manoel Ferreira Leite ,&nbsp;Marcelo da Silva Januário ,&nbsp;Edson Filho ,&nbsp;Thábata Viviane Brandão Gomes ,&nbsp;Leonardo Luiz Portes ,&nbsp;Leszek Antoni Szmuchrowski ,&nbsp;Rodolfo Novellino Benda","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated the influence of skill level on the learning of a new serial task in Taekwondo, along with the underlying aspects of the learning processes. Two groups of Taekwondo athletes, skilled and beginners, practiced a serial task based on basic TKD fighting movements on the first intervention day and were tested for retention in the following day. We recorded temporal elements of the task: response time (RespT), reaction time (RT), movement time (MT), and the time interval between task components (TITC) to analyze performance throughout the acquisition phase and in the retention test, chunking, and the informational aspects related to task performance. Additionally, we investigated online and offline learning processes. Both groups learned the task, but the skilled participants exhibited greater improvements in performance, particularly in the retention test. Best performance of skilled participants appear to be linked to the benefits of chunking in serial tasks. Moreover, skilled participants required less information processing to complete the task, indicating automaticity effects related to chunking. Despite these differences, especially in terms of informational demands, both groups learned predominantly through online learning process. Increasing skill level enhances performance, and influences the learning of new motor skills in a specific sports domain. This advantage may be explained by the superior chunking ability demonstrated by skilled performers, likely resulting from larger experiences within Taekwondo, which facilitated the recombination of previously learned motor skills. The relationship between motor learning and skillfulness warrants further investigation for understanding motor learning itself, but can also assist professionals in organizing practice schedules in sports contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of motor imagery in 6–7-year-old children is not robust: Evidence from two motor imagery tasks","authors":"Satoshi Nobusako ,&nbsp;Taeko Tsujimoto ,&nbsp;Ayami Sakai ,&nbsp;Teruyuki Yokomoto ,&nbsp;Yusuke Nagakura ,&nbsp;Nami Sakagami ,&nbsp;Tomochika Fukunishi ,&nbsp;Emiko Takata ,&nbsp;Harumi Mouri ,&nbsp;Michihiro Osumi ,&nbsp;Akio Nakai ,&nbsp;Shu Morioka","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motor imagery (MI) is a dynamic cognitive process in which an individual mentally simulates a movement without an external demonstration of the actual movement. The ability of adults to use MI has been well documented, but the ability of children to use MI is less clear. The current study examined age-related differences in MI using two MI tasks, the hand laterality recognition (HLR) and bimanual motor (BM) tasks, in 6–13-year-old typically developing children. Biomechanical constraint effects in the HLR task and the ovalization index (OI) of the imagery condition and the imagery coupling effect in the BM task, among others, were quantitative indicators of the ability to use MI. Significant biomechanical constraint effects in the HLR task and significant imagery coupling effects in the BM task were not observed in 6–7-year-old children, but were evident in 8–13-year-old children, indicating that the use of MI in 6–7-year-old children is not robust in either MI task. There was significant shortening of correct reaction time and improvement of accuracy in the HLR task with increasing age, but there was no significant age difference or correlation with age in the imagery coupling effect in the BM task. Therefore, the results suggest that MI ability as measured by the HLR task shows age-related improvements between 6 and 13 years of age, whereas MI ability, as measured by the BM task, does not show significant age-related differences over the same period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verbal arm swing instructions alter arm-leg interlimb coordination but not prefrontal cortex hemodynamics in people with Parkinson's disease","authors":"Vinicius Cavassano Zampier ,&nbsp;Luis Mochizuki ,&nbsp;Victor Spiandor Beretta ,&nbsp;Vinicius de Belli ,&nbsp;Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi ,&nbsp;Fabio Augusto Barbieri ,&nbsp;Diego Orcioli-Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Verbal instructions related to the arm swing amplitude and velocity change step gait behavior in people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) and neurotypical individuals. However, how verbal instructions related to upper limb act on interlimb coordination and prefrontal cortex activation are not yet known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the instructions to increase arm swing amplitude and velocity during walking on prefrontal cortex (PFC) hemodynamics and arm-leg interlimb coordination in PwPD and neurotypical individuals. Fifteen PwPD and 13 neurotypical individuals walked over a 26.8 m pathway under three experimental conditions: usual walking, walking with increased arm swing amplitude, and walking with increased arm swing velocity. Gait step parameters, continuous relative phase and latency between arm and leg movements, and PFC hemodynamics were calculated. ANOVA two-way (groups x conditions) showed that the verbal instructions to increase arm swing amplitude and velocity during walking improved gait step parameters and arm-leg interlimb coordination, without changing PFC hemodynamics. Specifically, verbal instructions increased average continuous relative phase (F_2,52 = 45.5; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; ηp² = 0.63) and decreased the average relative phase variability (F_2,52 = 86.9; p &lt; 0.001; ηp² = 0.77) in both groups and decreased PwPD latency (F_2,52 = 3.5; <em>p</em> = 0.03; ηp² = 0.19). Verbal instructions also increased stride length (F_2,52 = 27.7; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; ηp² = 0.51) and velocity (F_2,52 = 46.6; p &lt; 0.001; ηp² = 0.64) and decreased double support phase in both groups. These results allow us to speculate that the engagement of the motor areas to follow the instructions and perform the ensuing action could be related to preservation of some automaticity and it is possible that the participants do not need to use their cognitive resources by increasing PFC activity to process and do the action.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding whole-body inter-personal dynamics between two players using neural granger causality as the explainable artificial intelligence","authors":"Ryota Takamido ,&nbsp;Chiharu Suzuki ,&nbsp;Jun Ota ,&nbsp;Hiroki Nakamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the dynamics of complex, whole-body interpersonal coordination behavior in humans is an important subject in behavioral science. However, due to the challenges of analyzing complex causal relationships among multiple body components with conventional techniques, this area remains underexplored. To address this issue, this study proposes a new analytical framework that attempts to understand the underlying causal structures behind each joint movement of individual players using neural Granger causality (NGC) as the explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). In the NGC analysis, causal relationships were defined as the size of the weight parameters of the first layer of a machine-learning model trained to predict the future state of a specific time-series variable. To verify this approach practically, we conducted an experiment with 16 pairs of expert baseball pitchers and batters, and input datasets with 27 joint resultant velocity (13 pitchers' and 14 batters' joints) were generated and used for model training. The results revealed that significant causal relations exist among intra- and inter-individual body components, such as “the batter's hands have a causal effect from pitcher's throwing arm.” Although the causality from the batters to the pitcher's body is significantly lower than that from the pitchers to the batter's body, it exhibits a significant correlation with the performance outcomes of batters (R² = 0.69). These results suggest the effectiveness of the NGC analysis for understanding whole-body inter-personal coordination dynamics and, more broadly, the XAI technique as a new approach for analyzing complex human behavior from a perspective different from conventional techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103366"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two sources of performance-stabilizing synergies: An experimental exploration using finger force production","authors":"Valters Abolins ,&nbsp;Edgars Bernans ,&nbsp;Mark L. Latash","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We explored the hypothesis on two sources of finger force variance in multi-finger accurate force production tasks, related to variability in the sharing of total force among finger forces and to sensory-based covariation of the finger forces. This hypothesis was explored within the space that did not affect task-specific performance variable (the uncontrolled manifold, UCM) and within the space that affected this variable (orthogonal to the UCM, ORT). Young, healthy subjects performed steady-state accurate total force production tasks with and without targets for the individual finger forces. These targets varied in size from 1.5% to 40% of the task total force level. The UCM hypothesis framework was used to quantify the two variance components, V_UCM and V_ORT, across trials and across 0.1-s samples selected from single 30-s trials at 1-s intervals. Across all conditions, V_ORT was similar for the inter-trial and single-trial analyses and across the finger force target sizes. In contrast, V_UCM (typically larger than V_ORT) was smaller during the single-trial analyses compared to the inter-trial analyses. V_UCM also decreased significantly with the drop in the target size for individual finger forces. We interpret these results as pointing at two sources of V_UCM. First, variability in the sharing of total force between the individual finger forces, based on practice, that can be seen from the very beginning of trials. Second, negative covariation of finger forces along individual trials based on visual feedback and, potentially, on loops within the central nervous system. Combining single-trial and inter-trial analyses of variance can provide information on these two sources and turn into a tool to quantify impaired control of movement stability in neurological patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imitation of complex whole-body sequence in profoundly hearing-impaired adolescents","authors":"Yukako Fukase ,&nbsp;Ziheng Wang ,&nbsp;So Endo ,&nbsp;Haruki Momma ,&nbsp;Ryoichi Nagatomi","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many studies have identified specific visual advantages in deaf individuals. However, few studies have linked these advantages to motor learning. This study aimed to compare the differences in movement and learning processes between profoundly hearing-impaired (HI) and normal-hearing (NH) adolescents by capturing motions that imitate complex whole-body sequences. To analyze multiple parameters simultaneously in a time series and evaluate their similarity to the reference, we used a deep-learning strategy with an autoencoder for anomaly detection. In this study, anomaly detection indicated the difference between the reference and the participants. We set the threshold to 3σ. An analysis targeting the hands showed that HI had a significantly lower anomaly rate than NH in the first imitation; even when checking the trajectory, we found that all HI followed the same pattern as the reference dancer. Compared with NH, HI could capture and reproduce the motion characteristics of the reference in the first trial, especially in the hands, which broadens the perspective of motor instruction for HI adolescents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}