Human Movement Science最新文献

{"title":"Effects of prosthetic ankle stiffness on adaptation to uneven terrain in individuals with unilateral transtibial amputation","authors":"A.S. Voloshina ,&nbsp;S.H. Collins ,&nbsp;A. Seyfarth","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Uneven terrain poses significant locomotor challenges for individuals with unilateral transtibial amputation, affecting both gait kinetics and kinematics. Moreover, prosthetic devices are often prescribed for level-ground, although optimal device characteristics, such as stiffness, may vary depending on the terrain.</div></div><div><h3>Research question</h3><div>This study evaluated the interactions between prosthesis stiffness and walking surface height variability on step characteristics and joint mechanics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nine individuals with unilateral transtibial amputation participated in the study. Participants walked over a modifiable uneven terrain walkway to create even, low variability, and high variability terrain. On all terrains, participants used ankle-foot prostheses of three different stiffness levels: soft, medium, or stiff. We recorded gait kinetics and kinematics using two in-ground force platforms beneath the walkway and a motion-capture camera system.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Terrain variability and prosthesis stiffness affected multiple biomechanical measures, but did not demonstrate any interaction effects between each other. Terrain influenced step parameters such as width, length, and variability measures, while device stiffness affected mean step width and length. Terrain and device stiffness did not significantly affect joint moments or positive joint work. However, stiffness affected the difference in peak ankle and hip moments between the affected and unaffected limbs. Terrain and stiffness effects were present in negative ankle and hip work measures.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>On average, individuals with amputation exhibited relatively small changes in joint dynamics when walking on uneven terrain compared to level ground. Additionally, device stiffness had only minor effects on gait outcomes in response to changes in surface. These results suggest that varying ankle stiffness may not be an effective strategy for reducing joint loading or improving gait symmetry during uneven terrain walking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a novel exercise program on the development of motor skills in children with sensory processing disorders (SPD)","authors":"Qichang Mei ,&nbsp;Rui Yang ,&nbsp;Zitong Guo ,&nbsp;Shandana Zeb ,&nbsp;Bernard X.W. Liew ,&nbsp;Justin Fernandez ,&nbsp;Lin Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SPD is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting healthy development and daily functioning. This study investigated the effect of a six-week exercise intervention on gross motor development in SPD group using a controlled trial design with intervention and control groups. Fifty-four children joined this study, categorized into the SPD group receiving therapeutic exercise and the TD (Typically Developing) control group receiving regular physical training. Scores were evaluated pre- and post-intervention using TGMD-3 to assess gross motor development, and further evaluated the scores of the intervention group post-intervention and the control group prior to normal training. Results revealed significantly higher composite, locomotor skills, and ball skills scores in the TD control group than the SPD group pre-intervention, however both groups showed significant improvements in composite scores and the locomotor skills and ball skills scores from pre- to post-intervention. The TD control group showed significantly higher composite scores and ball skills scores post-intervention than the SPD group but not locomotor skills scores. The differences between the TD control group and SPD group reduced substantially post-intervention. SPD group significantly improved physical fitness, motor skills, and expressive abilities. The intervention significantly promoted gross motor development, suggesting that customized exercise programs could improve motor function. Interventions shall focus on enhancing sensory function and promoting gross motor development. Exercise intervention is crucial in improving gross motor function and should be integrated into rehabilitation programs as an essential component.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103384"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting optimal gaze behavior of successful basketball free throwing via machine learning system","authors":"Ayoub Asadi ,&nbsp;Afkham Daneshfar ,&nbsp;Mohammad R. Saeedpour-Parizi ,&nbsp;Christopher A. Aiken ,&nbsp;Ann Smiley","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eye tracking in sport is an emerging field that explores the relationships between visual function and motor performance. However, research has shown that visual behaviors are distinct enough to detect superior performance; and serve as a suitable input for designing machine learning systems, few study has been tested yet the eye tracking machine learning in sport tasks. The current research investigated the eye movement behaviors for detecting successful performance using machine learning. The gaze behavior of 25 student basketball players during the hit and miss free- throwing's trials was collected and analyzed by statistical (JMP pro) and machine learning (Python) approaches. Results showed significant differences between saccade duration in hit and miss trials. In previous studies of free throwing, fixations were used as a measure of visual information processing, but our results showed that the metrics related to saccades were more important for successful performance than those related to fixations. These findings highlight the importance of eye tracking machine learning in sport domain and suggest that successful performance can be reliably predicted from performers' eye movement data. Our results provide primary insights as well as inspiration for future research focusing on developing eye-tracking machine learning systems to detect proficiency in motor skills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 103381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential impact of sensory uncertainty in blocked versus trial-interleaved contexts when feedforward and feedback processes co-occur","authors":"Matthew J. Crossley ,&nbsp;Christopher L. Hewitson ,&nbsp;David M. Kaplan","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Theories of human motor learning commonly assume that the degree to which movement plans are adjusted in response to movement errors scales with the precision of sensory feedback received regarding their success. However, support for such models has mainly come from experiments that limit the amount of correction that can occur within an ongoing movement. In contrast, we have recently shown that when this restriction is relaxed, and both within-movement and between-movement corrections co-occur, movement plans undergo large and abrupt changes that are strongly correlated with the degree of sensory uncertainty present on the previous trial and are insensitive to the magnitude and direction of the experienced movement error. Here, we show that the presence of these abrupt and error-insensitive changes are only observed when different levels of sensory uncertainty are interleaved pseudo-randomly on a trial-by-trial basis, and are absent when sensory uncertainty levels vary across blocks of trials. These results suggest that the co-occurrence of within-movement and between-movement corrections is not the only important aspect of our earlier study that challenged traditional models of motor learning under uncertainty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender stereotype threat and motor learning: Exploring its impact, underlying mechanisms, and attentional focus pathways for mitigation","authors":"Seyyed Mohammadreza Mousavi ,&nbsp;Hamid Salehi ,&nbsp;Takehiro Iwatsuki","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While some studies suggest stereotype threat negatively affects motor performance and learning, further research is needed to better understand its effects and underlying mechanisms, which could lead to strategies for mitigating its impact. In experiment 1, we 1) investigated the effects of gender stereotype threat on learning of an aiming task among adolescent girls, 2) evaluated conscious processes and motivational processes to explore the variables that act as mediators in the context of stereotype threats on performance, and 3) conducted in-depth interviews to explore the participants' experiences, understandings, and opinions related to gender stereotype. Moving one step further, with respect to our findings in Exp 1, we tested whether attentional focus strategies could mitigate the negative effects of stereotype threat on the motor learning of adolescent girls (Exp 2). Our results revealed that implementing an external focus of attention can mitigate the detrimental effects of stereotype threat on motor performance and learning in adolescent girls. These findings hold significant implications for the acquisition of motor skills among adolescents, especially in stereotype-threat conditions. Coaches and teachers, particularly in activities such as throwing, can encourage adolescents to adopt an external focus of attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103357"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Task difficulty promotes tactical learning but supresses the positive learning effects of autonomy and cognitive effort","authors":"Dave Bright ,&nbsp;Jenny Smith ,&nbsp;Philip Kearney ,&nbsp;Oliver Runswick","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Learning conditions that provide task-relevant autonomy, and those that encourage cognitive effort through manipulations of difficulty, have been reported to enhance skill development. However, research is yet to directly compare these two manipulations to establish their relative contribution to enhancing motor learning. This study used an on-screen target interception task to compare an autonomous group (self-selection of racquet size), a Challenge Point group (performance-contingent racquet size), a yoked group, and a fixed racquet size control group. Task accuracy and self-report measures of intrinsic motivation and cognitive effort were recorded at multiple time points across acquisition and at immediate, 24-h, seven-day, and 30-day retention and transfer tests. Results showed that task accuracy improved over acquisition, and remained robust across all retention tests, but no between group differences were seen. Intrinsic motivation levels decreased over acquisition, but with no between group differences observed. Participants (83, mean age 40(±12) years, 50 % male) within all groups reported consistently high cognitive effort scores, and made tactical learning choices, suggesting that high task difficulty may have suppressed the more subtle effects of autonomy and performance contingent practice. Conclusions are made regarding the variability of individual approaches to a novel task and the need to build experiments that can detect these idiosyncrasies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond unilateral motor impairments: Role of bilateral force control and strength asymmetry in gait coordination and falls post-stroke","authors":"Prakruti Patel,&nbsp;Neha Lodha","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coordination between lower extremities is a fundamental aspect of walking, yet it has received limited attention in locomotor recovery post-stroke. We aimed to compare the impact of unilateral versus bilateral force impairments on gait coordination and examine the relationship between gait coordination and incidence of falls post-stroke. In adults with stroke (<em>N</em> = 22) and age-similar healthy controls (N = 22), we measured gait coordination with phase coordination index (PCI) during overground walking. We measured force control for ankle dorsiflexors in unilateral and bilateral conditions. Unilateral force impairments were quantified with force error during visuomotor tracking and maximum voluntary contraction force for each leg. Bilateral force impairments were measured with cross-correlation coefficient, time lag, and strength symmetry. We recorded the history of falls in the previous year for adults with stroke. Compared with controls, adults with stroke showed significantly increased PCI, decreased cross-correlation coefficient and increased time lag between bilateral forces. Force error of both paretic and non-paretic legs was increased in the stroke group. Strength symmetry and cross-correlation coefficient explained 59.5 % of the variance in PCI (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). However, unilateral force impairments were not associated with PCI. Adults with stroke reported a previous fall incidence rate of 59.09 %. Stroke survivors with a history of fall showed significantly higher PCI relative to stroke survivors without a history of fall (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). We found a significant relationship between falls and PCI (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) such that poor gait coordination was related to past incidence of falls in stroke survivors. The current study provides novel insights that impairments in bilateral, but not unilateral force control influences coordination during overground walking post-stroke. Specifically, impaired timing between bilateral ankle forces and strength asymmetry negatively impacts gait coordination post-stroke. Impaired gait coordination elevates the risk for falling post-stroke, thereby compromising safe mobility in individuals with stroke.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of posterior parietal cortex anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on ankle tracking visuomotor control in healthy young adults","authors":"I-Fei Cho ,&nbsp;Chi-Chao Chao ,&nbsp;Ta-Te Lin ,&nbsp;Yuan Yang ,&nbsp;Pei-Fang Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ankle motor control is crucial for balance maintenance and fall prevention. Neurocomputational models of motor control suggest that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) plays a critical role in estimating body and environmental states, a process fundamental to motor control. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) has been shown to modulate cortical excitability and alter behaviors accordingly. This study explored the impact of atDCS over the PPC on ankle tracking visuomotor control using a motor adaptation research paradigm in healthy young adults. Thirty-eight participants were randomly assigned to either an atDCS or sham control group. All participants completed an ankle tracking experiment divided into three phases: pre-adaptation, adaptation, and re-adaptation, with each phase comprising eight blocks of five trials. During the experiment, each participant wore a sensor on the non-dominant foot and performed continuous dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movements to track a target cursor on a screen. Visual feedback of the foot position was provided, with a 1:1 feedback ratio in the pre- and re-adaptation phases and a 2.5:1 ratio in the adaptation phase to promote visual-motor remapping. The atDCS group received 20 min of 2 mA atDCS over the PPC during the adaptation phase. Tracking performance on each trial was measured as the root mean squared error (RMSE) between the target and actual movement trajectories. Both groups showed similar RMSEs in the pre-adaptation phase (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). However, in the adaptation phase, the atDCS group demonstrated a significant reduction from block 1 to block 2 (<em>p</em> = 0.001, <em>Cohen's d</em> = 0.86) and maintained this improved performance in the following blocks, while the sham group showed no significant changes throughout this phase (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). In the re-adaptation phase, both groups quickly returned to their pre-adaptation performance levels. These findings indicate that neither the atDCS nor the sham group adapted to the high visual feedback ratio. However, the early reduction in RMSE observed in the atDCS group suggests that atDCS over the PPC may transiently enhance ankle tracking visuomotor control under the heightened visual feedback ratio condition, resulting in short-term improvements. Future research is warranted to explore whether multiple atDCS sessions over the PPC could provide long-term benefits for lower extremity visuomotor control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of robot-assisted gait training on trunk symmetry improvement in patients with chronic hemiplegia: A randomized, single-blind clinical trial","authors":"Young Hyoun Rha ,&nbsp;Jun Bum Shin ,&nbsp;Jee Hwan Choi ,&nbsp;Sang Min Im ,&nbsp;Im Kyoung Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Stroke-induced gait impairments often result in asymmetrical trunk alignment, affecting mobility and quality of life of patients. This randomized, single-blind clinical trial investigated the efficacy of robot-assisted gait training in addressing this issue and explored its impact on lower limb functions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty patients with chronic stroke were included in this study, with one group receiving traditional rehabilitation therapy and the other receiving additional robot-assisted gait training session. Participants in the robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) group underwent 30-min session, thrice per week for 4 weeks, totaling 12 sessions, in addition to traditional rehabilitation therapy. All participants underwent preintervention assessments, with reassessments at 2 and 4 weeks after the intervention. We assessed trunk symmetry and gait parameters, including step time, step length, separation line, and foot force, along with knee joint extensor muscle strength and stiffness.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Significant improvements in trunk symmetry were observed in the RAGT group (F(2,46) = 35.52, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, η² = 0.607). Changes in step length asymmetry were significant for both groups (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.000 each) without intergroup differences, whereas paralyzed knee extensor strength showed greater improvement in the RAGT group (p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>The study findings revealed significant improvements in trunk symmetry and muscle strength among patients receiving RAGT. These results underscore the promising role of RAGT in stroke rehabilitation. Thus, proper gait patterns may contribute to maintaining a healthy posture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutual avoidance behaviours of two pedestrians passing through an aperture","authors":"T.A. Holloway,&nbsp;M.E. Cinelli","doi":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.humov.2025.103352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humans use visual information to safely guide locomotion to avoid collisions with objects or other people within cluttered environments. The purpose of the current study was <em>t</em>o examine head-on mutual avoidance behaviours of two young adults when approaching an aperture from opposite sides. It was hypothesized that when two young adults are on a collision course, both pedestrians would accurately perceive the difference in arrival time between one another to predict and maintain passing order through an aperture. Nineteen young adults (<span><math><mover><mi>x</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mo>=</mo><mn>21.35</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.49</mn></math></span> years, 9 males and 10 females) participated in the study and interacted with a female research assistant (RA) (22 years, 157.5 cm). Starting at one of two locations on opposite sides of a 10 m pathway, the participant and the RA were instructed to approach one another, and mutually decide who would pass first through an aperture located halfway (5 m) along the path. Kinematic trunk data was collected from both the participant and the RA using the Optotrak motion analysis system. The results revealed that the walkers were able to accurately perceive and maintain the predicted order of crossing (i.e., predicted order matched their observed crossing order) on 90.9 % of the trials. This finding indicate that individuals are in-tune to the visual information necessary in determining and maintaining crossing order, such that the walker passing second (P2) slowed down and deviated from the path to allow the other walker (P1) to pass through the doorway first. Additionally, it was revealed that individuals distribute their gaze fixations equally between the aperture and the approaching person prior to crossing the aperture. The results suggest that when two young adults are approaching a doorway from opposite sides, they may rely on the coupling of two optical expansion rates, or <em>tau-coupling</em>, to determine crossing order as indicated by the low number of inversions. While gaze behaviours are coupled with locomotion to maintaining path trajectory and determining crossing order.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55046,"journal":{"name":"Human Movement Science","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 103352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}