Journal of Genetic Psychology最新文献_第8页

Attentional Control Moderates the Relation between Sympathy and Ethical Guilt. 注意控制调节同情与伦理内疚的关系。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2023.2177522

Sebastian P Dys, Marc Jambon, Stephanie Buono, Tina Malti

{"title":"Attentional Control Moderates the Relation between Sympathy and Ethical Guilt.","authors":"Sebastian P Dys, Marc Jambon, Stephanie Buono, Tina Malti","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2023.2177522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2023.2177522","url":null,"abstract":"In response to ethical transgressions, some children respond with ethical guilt (e.g., remorse), while others do not. The affective and cognitive precursors of ethical guilt have been widely studied on their own, however, few studies have looked at the interaction of affective (e.g., sympathy) and cognitive (e.g., attention) precursors on ethical guilt. This study examined the effects of children's sympathy, attentional control, and their interaction on 4 and 6-year-old children's ethical guilt. A sample of 118 children (50% girls, 4-year-olds: Mage = 4.58, SD = .24, n = 57; 6-year-old: Mage = 6.52, SD = .33, n = 61) completed an attentional control task and provided self-reports of dispositional sympathy and ethical guilt in response to hypothetical ethical violations. Sympathy and attentional control were not directly associated with ethical guilt. Attentional control, however, moderated the relation between sympathy and ethical guilt, such that sympathy was more strongly related to ethical guilt at increasing levels of attentional control. This interaction did not differ between 4- and 6-year-olds or boys and girls. These findings illustrate an interaction between emotion and cognitive processes and suggest that promoting children's ethical development may require a focus on both attentional control and sympathy.","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":"184 3","pages":"198-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9460719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Child Cognitive Flexibility and Maternal Control: A First Step toward Untangling Genetic and Environmental Contributions. 儿童认知灵活性和母亲控制:解开遗传和环境影响的第一步。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2022.2121638

Frédéric Thériault-Couture, Célia Matte-Gagné, Samuel Dallaire, Mara Brendgen, Frank Vitaro, Richard E Tremblay, Jean R Séguin, Ginette Dionne, Michel Boivin

{"title":"Child Cognitive Flexibility and Maternal Control: A First Step toward Untangling Genetic and Environmental Contributions.","authors":"Frédéric Thériault-Couture, Célia Matte-Gagné, Samuel Dallaire, Mara Brendgen, Frank Vitaro, Richard E Tremblay, Jean R Séguin, Ginette Dionne, Michel Boivin","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2022.2121638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2121638","url":null,"abstract":"Executive functions (EF) play an essential role in many spheres of child development. Therefore, it is crucial to get a better understanding of their etiology. Using a genetic design that involved 934 twins (400 monozygotic), this study examined the etiology of cognitive flexibility, a component of EF, at 5 years of age and its phenotypic and etiological associations with maternal control. Cognitive flexibility was measured in a laboratory setting at 5 years of age using a well-known EF-task, i.e. the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS). Maternal control was measured using a self-report questionnaire. The univariate genetic model demonstrated that environmental factors mainly explained individual differences in preschoolers' performance on the DCCS task. A bivariate genetic model demonstrated that non-shared environmental mechanisms mainly explained the association (r = .-13) between maternal control and children's performance on the DCCS task. This study represents a preliminary step toward a better understanding of the genetic and environmental contributions underlying the relation between parenting behaviors and children's EF.","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":"184 1","pages":"55-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10818011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Motivates Action for Gender Equality among Emerging Adult Women? The Importance of Critical Reflection, Efficacy, and Feminist Identity. 是什么促使新兴成年女性采取性别平等行动?批判性反思的重要性、有效性和女性主义认同。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2022.2115337

Jennifer J Thomas, Ellen E Newell

{"title":"What Motivates Action for Gender Equality among Emerging Adult Women? The Importance of Critical Reflection, Efficacy, and Feminist Identity.","authors":"Jennifer J Thomas, Ellen E Newell","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2022.2115337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2115337","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated whether critical consciousness (CC) and feminist identity help explain emerging adult women's participation in actions to reduce gender inequality. CC is an applied tool marginalized and oppressed youth can use to combat inequality. It is conceptualized as three components: Critical reflection, critical efficacy, and critical action. Youth who have reflected on inequality are theorized to act against injustice if they have critical efficacy. However, empirical support for connections among components is mixed and questions remain concerning the contexts in which and people for whom CC serves as a resource. For instance, CC has rarely been examined as a tool to reduce sexism. Furthermore, researchers theorize that social identity is related to CC, yet little empirical evidence exists testing these associations. Finally, CC is typically examined within samples of children and adolescents, although advances in cognitive development and identity suggest emerging adulthood is an ideal time to use CC. To begin to fill these gaps, we investigated whether the components of CC in association with feminist identity could predict when emerging adult women act against sexism. A serial mediation model revealed reflection may lead to action for women who identify as feminist and who report greater internal efficacy. The pathway through external efficacy was not significant. Findings suggest CC together with feminist identity may be tools women can employ to transform unjust social conditions and improve their lives. Applied applications of findings are considered.","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":"184 1","pages":"42-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10798016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Can Princesses Be Powerful? A Quasi-Experimental Study Examining Children's Perceptions of Princesses and the Self. 公主有力量吗?儿童对公主和自我认知的准实验研究。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2022.2124904

Lisa M Dinella, Jordan A Levinson, Maryam A Srouji

{"title":"Can Princesses Be Powerful? A Quasi-Experimental Study Examining Children's Perceptions of Princesses and the Self.","authors":"Lisa M Dinella, Jordan A Levinson, Maryam A Srouji","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2022.2124904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2124904","url":null,"abstract":"Children's gender schematic cognitions guide their attention, affinities, and behaviors, often narrowing their opportunities. The goal of the present study is to examine how children's exposure to animated Disney princesses modeling agentic behaviors (such as being a leader) alters children's gender schematic perceptions of princesses' characteristics, and if this exposure impacts children's perceptions of their own gender-typed qualities. Interviews with 60 children from the northeast region of the United States (Mage = 4.5 years old) at the beginning and end of six weeks indicate that, as hypothesized, children's perceptions of princesses and themselves became less gender schematic after cumulative exposure to animated videos depicting princesses modeling agentic behaviors. Children's perceptions of princesses' agency and their own agency increased throughout the study, asserting that with exposure to nontraditional gender-typed characters, children begin to see themselves as less gender-typed. These findings provide new insights into the role of early children's media exposure in shaping children's gender cognitions.","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":"184 1","pages":"70-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10818013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceived Parental Undifferentiated Rejection and Children's Personality Dispositions: A Meta-Analysis of Multicultural Studies. 感知父母无区别拒绝与儿童人格倾向:多元文化研究的元分析。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2022.2110447

Sumbleen Ali, Mosammat N Khatun, Abdul Khaleque, Ronald P Rohner

{"title":"Perceived Parental Undifferentiated Rejection and Children's Personality Dispositions: A Meta-Analysis of Multicultural Studies.","authors":"Sumbleen Ali, Mosammat N Khatun, Abdul Khaleque, Ronald P Rohner","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2022.2110447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2110447","url":null,"abstract":"Prior multicultural meta-analyses have shown that three of the four individual expressions of parental rejection (viz., coldness/lack of affection, hostility/aggression, and indifference/neglect) tend to be significantly associated with all seven of the personality dispositions most central to interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory (IPARTheory). These dispositions include hostility/aggression, dependence, negative self-esteem, negative self-adequacy, emotional instability, emotional unresponsiveness, and negative worldview. However, it was unknown whether the fourth expression of rejection (i.e. undifferentiated rejection) tends to be associated transculturally, as predicted by the theory, with this cluster of dispositions among children. Thus, this meta-analysis investigated 1) the extent to which children's perceptions of maternal and paternal undifferentiated rejection were related to these personality dispositions, and 2) the extent to which these relations varied by gender of parent. To address these questions, we performed a meta-analysis on 16 studies involving 12,538 children in 14 countries. Results showed significant associations between all seven personality dispositions and both maternal and paternal undifferentiated rejection. The results also showed significantly stronger relations between maternal than paternal undifferentiated rejection on five of the seven indices of children's personality.","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":"184 1","pages":"9-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10442173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Responses to Infantile Cuteness Explain the Link between Autistic Traits and Reduced Maternal Attachment. 对婴儿可爱的反应解释了自闭症特征与母亲依恋减少之间的联系。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2022.2110854

Reina Takamatsu

引用次数: 1

The Relationship between Parental Monitoring, Peer Pressure, and Motivations for Responsible Drinking among Italian Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Positive Alcohol Expectancies. 父母监督、同伴压力和意大利青少年负责任饮酒动机之间的关系:积极酒精预期的中介作用。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2022.2113026

Maria G Bartolo, Anna L Palermiti, Rocco Servidio, Pasquale Musso, Flaviana Tenuta, Maria F Amendola, Angela Costabile, Cristiano Inguglia

{"title":"The Relationship between Parental Monitoring, Peer Pressure, and Motivations for Responsible Drinking among Italian Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Positive Alcohol Expectancies.","authors":"Maria G Bartolo, Anna L Palermiti, Rocco Servidio, Pasquale Musso, Flaviana Tenuta, Maria F Amendola, Angela Costabile, Cristiano Inguglia","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2022.2113026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2113026","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the associations between parental monitoring, peer pressure, and motivations for responsible drinking, while also taking the mediating role of positive alcohol expectancies into account. The participants were 579 Italian adolescents, aged 14-20 years (M = 16.39 years, SD = 1.27; 55.3% females), involved in a cross-sectional survey. They were administered online self-report questionnaires. Structural equation modeling revealed both direct and indirect positive associations between study variables. Parental monitoring was positively associated, both directly and indirectly, with adolescents' motivations for responsible drinking through the mediation of positive alcohol expectancies; peer pressure was negatively and indirectly associated with adolescents' motivations for responsible drinking, via the mediating role of positive alcohol expectancies. Findings highlighted the importance of environmental factors with regard to motivations for responsible drinking, suggesting the opportunity to implement prevention programs to improve parental monitoring and increase adolescents' skills to manage peer pressure and to develop realistic expectancies about drinking.","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":"184 1","pages":"23-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10817528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Parental Management of Adolescents’ Peer Relationships in Ghana and the United States 加纳和美国青少年同伴关系的父母管理

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2022-06-11 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2022.2083936

Braima Salaam, D. Valentiner, Nina S. Mounts

{"title":"Parental Management of Adolescents’ Peer Relationships in Ghana and the United States","authors":"Braima Salaam, D. Valentiner, Nina S. Mounts","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2022.2083936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2083936","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A sample of Ghanaian (n = 119) and United States (US; n = 70) adolescents was used to examine parental management of peer relationships. Adolescents completed measures of consulting, guiding, parent-adolescent conflict about peers, and social behavior. Compared to US adolescents, Ghanaian adolescents reported higher levels of overt aggression and relational aggression. Ghanaian adolescents reported higher levels of conflict with parents about peers than US adolescents. Ghanaian boys reported the highest level of conflict with parents about peers, US boys reported the lowest level of conflict with parents about peers, and Ghanaian and US girls reported medium levels of conflict about peers. Girls reported higher levels of prosocial behavior than boys. Older adolescents reported higher levels of conflict with parents about peers, higher levels of overt aggression, and higher levels of relational aggression. Across nationality groups, higher levels of consulting were related to lower levels of overt aggression. Multiple regression analyses suggested that higher levels of conflict with parents about peer relationships was related to higher levels of overt aggression and relational aggression across nationality groups. A significant two-way interaction revealed that, for US adolescents, higher levels of consulting were related to higher levels of prosocial behavior. A significant three-way interaction suggested that guiding was not related to prosocial behavior regardless of level of conflict among Ghanaian adolescents. For US adolescents, higher levels of guiding at higher levels of conflict were associated with higher levels of prosocial behavior among US adolescents.","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":"183 1","pages":"465 - 481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41900642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Black-White Racial Context and U.S. American Youths’ Moral Judgments of and Responses to Social Exclusion Bullying 黑人-白人种族背景与美国青年对社会排斥欺凌的道德判断和反应

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2022-06-11 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2022.2083938

Alaina Brenick, N. Margie, M. Kelly

{"title":"Black-White Racial Context and U.S. American Youths’ Moral Judgments of and Responses to Social Exclusion Bullying","authors":"Alaina Brenick, N. Margie, M. Kelly","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2022.2083938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2083938","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bullied adolescents experience myriad poor outcomes, yet certain responses can have significant mitigatory effects. However, research has yet to examine how the racial context of these interactions affects adolescents’ evaluations of and beliefs about responding to social-exclusionary bullying (SEB). The sample comprised 219 ninth-grade Black (N = 84; females = 46) and White (N = 135; females = 81) students (Mage = 14.84, SD = 0.68; Nfemales= 92) recruited from 5 schools in a large, racially diverse, middle-class Mid-Atlantic metropolitan area of the United States. Participants judged the wrongfulness of 4 scenarios of same- and cross-race SEB and selected how the victims should respond to the victimization. Responses were coded as aggressive, assertive, adult assistance-seeking, or avoidant. Gender, scenario, and response strategy main and interaction effects emerged. The Black-excluder and White-victim scenario was rated least wrong. Assertive responses were selected more often in scenarios with White-excluders; avoidant responses were selected more often in scenarios with Black-excluders. Results suggest that racial context relates significantly to adolescents’ evaluations of and responses to SEB scenarios.","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":"183 1","pages":"429 - 445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42743080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Indirect Relations between Language and Behavior Problems in Preschoolers: The Role of Executive Difficulties 学龄前儿童语言与行为问题的间接关系:执行困难的作用

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Journal of Genetic Psychology Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2022.2082859

Pietro Spataro, R. Cerutti, F. Laghi, E. Longobardi

{"title":"Indirect Relations between Language and Behavior Problems in Preschoolers: The Role of Executive Difficulties","authors":"Pietro Spataro, R. Cerutti, F. Laghi, E. Longobardi","doi":"10.1080/00221325.2022.2082859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2022.2082859","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study investigated the concurrent relations between language ability, executive difficulties, and behavior problems in a sample of 142 preschoolers ranging in age between 3 and 6 years of age. Language skills were assessed with a direct task, whereas ratings of executive difficulties and behavior problems were obtained from teachers. Regression analyses indicated that difficulties in flexibility and inhibitory self-control were positively associated with internalizing problems, and difficulties in inhibitory self-control were positively associated with externalizing problems. The associations between emergent metacognition and internalizing problems and between inhibitory self-control and externalizing problems were both moderated by sex, being stronger in boys than in girls. Lastly, language had indirect effects on internalizing problems by decreasing children’s difficulties in flexibility, as well as on externalizing problems by decreasing children’ difficulties in inhibitory self-control. Overall, these findings support the idea that low language skills may interfere with preschoolers’ ability to exploit the executive functions of inner language to self-regulate their own behaviors, especially in boys.","PeriodicalId":54827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Genetic Psychology","volume":"183 1","pages":"495 - 513"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46018797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2