Journal of Geodesy最新文献

{"title":"Generalized method for decoupling position and attitude errors in satellite gravity gradiometry","authors":"Sergio Coll-Ibars, Daniel J. Scheeres, Penina Axelrad","doi":"10.1007/s00190-026-02070-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-026-02070-9","url":null,"abstract":"A spacecraft equipped with a gravity gradiometer can provide direct, in situ measurements of a celestial body’s gravity field. However, accurate recovery of the gravity field from these measurements requires precise knowledge of the spacecraft’s position and attitude, as well as corrections for gradients induced by rotational motion. The impact of position and attitude errors becomes particularly critical during low-altitude operations or when using high-precision instruments. This study introduces a novel method, termed the <italic>null-space mapping</italic> (NSM), designed to mitigate the influence of position and attitude errors by projecting gradiometer measurements into a precomputed null space that removes their first-order effects. The applicability of the NSM to gravity field estimation in small-body missions is examined, and its relationship to conventional geodetic techniques for mitigating nuisance parameters is discussed. The method is further evaluated through numerical simulations of gravity field recovery around the asteroids Bennu and Eros. Simulation results demonstrate that the NSM effectively mitigates the impact of position and attitude errors on gravity field estimation. By reducing the dependency on highly precise orbit and attitude knowledge, the NSM enables the recovery of low-error gravity fields without explicitly correcting trajectory or attitude. This provides a computationally efficient framework for processing gradiometer measurements and supports autonomous gravity estimation capabilities for spacecraft operating near small celestial bodies.","PeriodicalId":54822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geodesy","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic dynamic and coseismic strains, distance decay rates, observation of major ruptures and propagation velocities of dynamic strain waves from high-rate GNSS with applications to the 2011 Tohoku Mw9.0 earthquake","authors":"Peiliang Xu, Takuo Shibutani, Yuanming Shu, Yun Shi","doi":"10.1007/s00190-026-02047-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-026-02047-8","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic dynamic strains with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) were first hinted at by Larson and collaborators in 2003. Little has been done since then to study the characteristics of seismic dynamic strains and their implications, with most work focused only on displacements. We investigate the seismic dynamic strains caused by the 2011 Tohoku Mw9.0 earthquake with GNSS precise point positioning (PPP) solutions. The major findings and results of this research are: (i) the biases of nonlinear dynamic strains are presented. High-rate GNSS can well reconstruct seismic dynamic and coseismic strains during the 2011 Tohoku Mw9.0 earthquake; (ii) the dynamic strain waves are of compressional nature and propagate concentrically from the epicenter of the earthquake at velocities between 3.44 and 4.04 km/s estimated with the first arrival times and between 3.29 and 3.73 km/s with the times of peak strains, respectively. The latter may be affected by different frequencies of strain waves; (iii) the dynamic strain waves from high-rate GNSS directly observe, at least five major ruptures and many more smaller subevents in the source region of the earthquake; (iv) the largest values of dynamic strains in the East component, dilatations, the principal strains, maximum shears and total strains all occur between Miyagi and Niigata. The dynamic strains in the North component are also mainly compressional and the largest values occur at Tokyo Bay. Actually, Tokyo Bay has been subject to a long time of strains, which may explain severe housing and life line damage around Tokyo Bay; (v) while a large area between Miyagi and Niigata is subject to strong coseismic extension, the eastern part of Iwate and Tokyo Bay are subject to strong coseismic compression; and finally, (vi) the amplitudes of coseismic strains lead to an estimate of 3.12–3.76 for the decay rate, which is close to the theoretical value of 3.0. However, the near-field peak amplitudes of dynamic strains are shown to not fit the distance amplitude scaling law well, leading to a smaller decay rate and further implying that earthquake magnitudes could be significantly underestimated in earthquake early warning and disaster assessment with near-field dynamic data.","PeriodicalId":54822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geodesy","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of GPS horizontal displacements for inferring terrestrial water storage variations in the northwestern United States","authors":"Na Wei, Jianhe Feng","doi":"10.1007/s00190-026-02069-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-026-02069-2","url":null,"abstract":"Using GPS displacements to infer terrestrial water storage (TWS) provides an important perspective for water resource monitoring. However, GPS horizontal displacements with higher precision are often overlooked in most previous studies. This study incorporates three-dimensional (3D) GPS displacements to improve the daily TWS estimates in the Pacific Northwest of the United States from 2006 to 2021. In the 3D inversion, the conventional Tikhonov regularization, commonly employed for the vertical-only inversion, tends to produce overly smooth TWS spatial patterns. To address this issue, we propose an updated regularization method. The performance of 3D GPS inversion in capturing the seasonal TWS variability was evaluated through comparisons with hydrological models, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), and in situ water measurements. We further quantify the contribution of GPS horizontal displacements by comparing 3D and vertical-only inversion results. Compared with the vertical-only results, the mean annual amplitude of 3D GPS-inferred TWS decreases by 17%, from 161 to 134 mm, bringing it closer to hydrological model estimates (130 mm). Synthetic experiments further indicate that vertical-only inversion tends to yield amplified seasonal TWS amplitudes in this region. In addition, the 3D GPS-inferred TWS exhibits substantially improved agreement with in situ observations, with higher correlations at 94% of snow measurement sites and 76% of gage height stations. Therefore, these improvements highlight the critical role of GPS horizontal displacements in achieving more accurate TWS estimates.","PeriodicalId":54822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geodesy","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148289597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gravitational energy changes of planet earth under mass perturbations","authors":"Benjamin F. Chao, Chunchun Gao, Zhen Li","doi":"10.1007/s00190-026-02065-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-026-02065-6","url":null,"abstract":"The gravitational energy <italic>E</italic>_g plays a deciding role in the thermodynamic evolution of planet Earth in the destination of seeking the lowest energy configuration. This paper examines <italic>E</italic>_g and its changes Δ<italic>E</italic>_g due to geophysical mass perturbations. We derive the multipolar partitioning of <italic>E</italic>_g based on the gravitational multipole expansion formalism, thereby study Δ<italic>E</italic>_g, a quantity quadratic in dependence on density, due to perturbations of two distinct forms: (i) Eulerian density anomaly, and (ii) Lagrangian deformation. Perturbation (i) carries a negative Δ<italic>E</italic>_g relative to the laterally mean configuration from which the density anomaly is referenced. We calculate the surficial upper bound of this Δ<italic>E</italic>_g with GRACE-observed time-variable Stokes coefficients for the Earth, where we find a present-day ~ 3 GW secular increase in Earth’s (non-quadrupolar) <italic>E</italic>_g superposed on seasonal and interannual undulations. Any monopolar Δ<italic>E</italic>_g, however, is oblivious to external gravitational observations given the non-uniqueness of the gravitational inversion. Perturbation (ii) carries a positive Δ<italic>E</italic>_g relative to the unperturbed configuration of equilibrium, hence is by itself unfavored energy-wise. Case in point is the spin-induced “oblating” process resulting in the planet’s polar oblateness, which can happen spontaneously upon the accompanying, over-compensating decrease in the spin kinetic energy under the conservation of angular momentum.","PeriodicalId":54822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geodesy","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of clock bias for BeiDou satellites using a combination of variational mode decomposition and long short-term memory network","authors":"Wenlong Sun, Fengfeng Shi, Yuting Lin, Jinfeng Xu, Guojun Li, Guocheng Wang, Shaofeng He, Jiawei Yu, Pei Ma","doi":"10.1007/s00190-026-02062-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-026-02062-9","url":null,"abstract":"The precise estimation of the satellite clock bias (SCB) holds considerable importance in ensuring accurate timekeeping, navigation, and positioning. This study proposes a novel SCB prediction approach integrating variational mode decomposition (VMD) and long short-term memory (LSTM) network techniques, combining signal decomposition with deep learning methodologies. Initially, the raw SCB data undergoes preprocessing (phase-frequency conversion and outlier removal), which is then decomposed via the VMD method to generate multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) corresponding to their respective trend, periodic, and high-frequency noise components. These decomposed IMFs serve as inputs for LSTM networks, and several independent LSTM models are constructed to capture the temporal dependencies inherent in each component. Subsequently, the predicted outcomes are aggregated and reconstructed to derive the final SCB prediction. Experimental findings based on nine BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) satellites (covering MEO and IGSO orbits) equipped with on-board hydrogen atomic clocks demonstrate notable advancements in clock bias prediction. For prediction horizons of 6 h, 3 days, and 15 days, the average prediction accuracy of the VMD-LSTM model reaches 0.042 ns, 0.187 ns, and 1.283 ns, respectively. These results exhibit significant improvements compared with seven baseline models (i.e., ARIMA, BP neural network, GRU, LSTM, Transformer, Wavelet-LSTM and EEMD-LSTM). The proposed VMD-LSTM effectively mitigates the nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics of BDS SCB, thus providing a robust solution for precise navigation and positioning applications.","PeriodicalId":54822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geodesy","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148289619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilient code bias for assured PNT service","authors":"Ke Su, Ying Xu, Guoqiang Jiao, Yuze Yang, Zhongwang Wu, Peng Gao","doi":"10.1007/s00190-026-02056-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-026-02056-7","url":null,"abstract":"As the main means of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal enhancement, the flex power impacts the robustness and availability of the positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) service. However, routine code bias products provided by the agencies with low temporal resolution often fail to provide accurate values. To overcome the vulnerability of space-based PNT system and enrich resilient PNT theory, a resilient code bias concept is proposed to address limitations of the routine code bias. Firstly, the performance of two categories of routine code products, namely postprocessing code bias product and broadcast ephemeris parameters, is analyzed. Then, the concept of the resilient code bias is presented to solve the code bias problems related to defect prevention and system recovery under uncertainty in the complex environment such as flex power. Subsequently, a method for resilient code bias estimation is developed and four code bias states are defined, that are normal, flex, warning, and exceptional states. A resilient index (RI) is developed and estimated in real-time in the resilient code bias product to characterize the code bias features regarding availability, continuity, integrity, robustness, and accuracy. Resilient code bias is compatible with the characteristics of the routine code bias product in the normal state but switches the flex state in the flex power scenario. The characteristics of the resilient code bias product are analyzed for both normal and flex power scenarios, demonstrating its advantages across different states in the case of flex power for the BDS-2, BDS-3, and GPS systems.","PeriodicalId":54822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geodesy","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148289620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The convergence problem of collocation theory: a return","authors":"Fernando Sansó, Giovanna Venuti","doi":"10.1007/s00190-026-02068-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-026-02068-3","url":null,"abstract":"Collocation theory is a “smoothing” approach to the prediction of a signal or of some signal functionals from a set of observations. Namely, the predicted signal/functional and the actual signal do not belong to the same space, the first being more regular than the actual one. In Physical Geodesy, collocation theory is applied to the determination of the anomalous potential of the gravity field <italic>T</italic>. The predicted <italic>T</italic>, in this case, belongs to a space harmonic down to a Bjerhammar sphere internal to the Earth surface. A space more regular than that of the actual <italic>T</italic>, which is harmonic only outside of the Earth. However, it was proved that the predicted <italic>T</italic> can approximate the actual field as well as we like. In addition, it was proved that the collocation solution for the Geodetic Boundary Value Problem converges to the actual <italic>T</italic>, when the number of observations tends to infinity. In the present paper, the same convergence problem is tackled and solved under quite general conditions when assuming that the observations are noiseless. Moreover, the approximation to the solution of geodetic BVP’s from noisy observations at the boundary is proved to be true in the mean-square sense.","PeriodicalId":54822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geodesy","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A step-wise decorrelation approach for improving time-variable gravity fields from GRACE-FO data","authors":"Jiahui Zhang, Rui Tu, Wei You, Biao Yu","doi":"10.1007/s00190-026-02073-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-026-02073-6","url":null,"abstract":"The time-variable gravity field solutions from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission are generally contaminated by the correlation errors, specifically parameter correlation (strong parameter coupling) and observation noise correlation (colored instead of white noise). In this context, we propose a decorrelation approach to pursue an improved time-variable gravity solution following a step-wise processing. The step-wise decorrelation approach comprises three steps, standard, parameter decorrelation, and observation noise decorrelation processes. First, the standard process serves to establish a reliable signal reference for the following. Then, the parameter decorrelation is implemented through the separate estimation of orbit and gravity field parameters. Finally, to achieve the goal of observation noise decorrelation, the post-fit residuals obtained from the result of parameter decorrelation are used to estimate a colored noise model, which is considered to determine the final gravity field model, specifically termed the step-wise decorrelation solution. The basic idea is that under the regularization constraints of separate estimation for dynamic parameters, the reduced dynamic parameter space allows certain low-frequency perturbative errors to emerge in post-fit residuals, enabling comprehensive characterization of observation noise correlation. Using this step-wise decorrelation approach, we process monthly GRACE-FO gravity field time series and evaluate the performance of them from the aspects of signal and noise. Spectral and spatial domain analyses of noise levels confirm significant noise suppression in the final solution. For instance, it achieves ~ 66% noise reduction in term of mean geoid height difference beyond 80 degrees relative to the standard solution. The basin-scale signal assessment for the step-wise decorrelation solution demonstrates unbiased estimation of both full signals (notably trends and seasonal components) and high-frequency intra-annual variations (up to 6 cycle per year) and the accurate extraction of regional episodic events, showing high consistency with the latest Science Data System (SDS) products. Beyond GRACE-FO, the universality test confirms the applicability of the approach to the data processing scenario of GRACE, with potential extensions to next-generation gravity missions.","PeriodicalId":54822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geodesy","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical constraints for zenith wet delay estimation via inequality constrained least squares in real-time PPP","authors":"Shengping He, Andreas Brack, Thomas Hobiger, Naofumi Takamatsu, Jens Wickert","doi":"10.1007/s00190-026-02075-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-026-02075-4","url":null,"abstract":"In current conventional precise point positioning (PPP) processing strategies, the tropospheric zenith wet delay (ZWD) is usually dynamically estimated as a stochastic parameter. During the convergence period, ZWD estimates can appear to be negative or unrealistically large due to the low estimation precision, which adversely affects the estimation of other state parameters, especially the Up component of coordinates. To address this issue, we propose a method that incorporates physical constraints on ZWD in PPP processing. This method employs the inequality constrained least squares (ICLS), utilizing Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions to add boundary conditions on ZWD. The boundary conditions of ZWD are calculated based on the relation between ZWD and relative humidity (RH). The use of physical constraints does not rely on external products or space state representation (SSR) corrections for ZWD during PPP processing and can improve the short-term accuracy of ZWD and coordinate Up component. The efficiency of this approach has been validated using GNSS data and products from GFZ operational networks. For real-time PPP solutions, there is a <inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>30</mml:mn><mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><tex-math>documentclass[12pt]{minimal} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{wasysym} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsbsy} usepackage{mathrsfs} usepackage{upgreek} setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt} begin{document}$$30%$$end{document}</tex-math></alternatives></inline-formula> improvement in short-term accuracy of Up component; for post-processing solutions, the short-term RMSE improvement is about <inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>20</mml:mn><mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><tex-math>documentclass[12pt]{minimal} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{wasysym} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsbsy} usepackage{mathrsfs} usepackage{upgreek} setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt} begin{document}$$20%$$end{document}</tex-math></alternatives></inline-formula>. After convergence, the ZWD upper bound is no longer applied as an ICLS constraint, but is instead used as a diagnostic indicator to identify ZWD anomalies. This indicator demonstrates high sensitivity and reliability under extreme weather conditions, highlighting its potential for application in meteorological hazard early-warning systems.","PeriodicalId":54822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geodesy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel regional tropospheric delay prediction model based on spatial clustering and gradient boosting algorithms","authors":"Ali Utku Akar, Cevat Inal","doi":"10.1007/s00190-026-02077-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-026-02077-2","url":null,"abstract":"Regional modeling of zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) is fundamental for high-precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning and atmospheric research, yet capturing complex, nonlinear atmospheric variability remains challenging. This study presents a novel framework for regional ZTD prediction by integrating spatially constrained multivariate clustering (SCMC) with GBM, LightGBM, and XGBoost. The proposed framework aims to improve prediction accuracy for regional atmospheric structures exhibiting spatiotemporal variability. Using 43 GNSS stations, five spatial clusters were identified across the study area using the SCMC algorithm based on ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) meteorological variables. The cluster-specific prediction models were trained on Vienna Mapping Functions 3 (VMF3) features [2020–2023] and tested using 2024 data, with the IGS final tropospheric product (IGS_ZPD) and the ECMWF Integrated Forecast System (ECMWF_IFS) serving as benchmarks to validate the accuracy and generalizability of the regional models. Results indicate that spatial clustering enhances predictive accuracy and regional adaptability. Among the tested models, XGBoost exhibited the most substantial improvement; while the model trained over the entire study area yielded a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.0 cm, cluster-specific models achieved RMSE values as low as 1.1 cm, representing an impressive 35% accuracy enhancement. Consistent gains of approximately 19 and 16% were also observed for LightGBM and GBM, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the SCMC-integrated XGBoost model effectively captures ZTD variations under complex climatic conditions, exhibiting superior predictive capabilities. Furthermore, the computational efficiency and low-latency inference of LightGBM and XGBoost make them ideal for real-time GNSS applications.","PeriodicalId":54822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geodesy","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}