{"title":"Sex differences in the association between social frailty and diet quality among older adults in Spain","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim was to examine the association between social frailty and diet quality in adults over 65 years of age, and whether results differed by sex.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Population-based cross-sectional study using data from the Spanish National Health Survey.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>5,071 community-dwelling people ≥65 years from Spain.</p></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><p>Social frailty was deemed to exist when the person both lived alone and had low social support, measured with the Duke-UNC scale. Diet was assessed with the Spanish Healthy Eating Index (S-HEI), ranging from 0 to 100 points (highest diet quality). Means and 95% confidence intervals of the S-HEI score for each social frailty group were calculated using linear regressions, with socially robust people as reference. Analyses were adjusted for main confounders, including sociodemographic, lifestyle and morbidity variables.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were no differences in the S-HEI adjusted mean of socially frail (74.3 points, 95%CI: 73.4−75.2) compared to socially robust older adults (75.4 points; 95%CI: 75.1−75.7). In sex-stratified analyses, the S-HEI adjusted mean of socially frail men (71.9 points; 95%CI: 70.6−73.2) was lower than robust men (74.8 points; 95%CI: 74.4−75.3). Specifically, social frailty was associated with lower consumption of vegetables, fruits, dairy and lower diet variety in men. Differences were not observed according to social frailty among older women.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Social frailty was associated with poor diet quality in community-dwelling older men, but not in women in Spain. Gender differences in self-care could partly explain this association. Sex-specific interventions are required to minimize the impact of social frailty on diet quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279770724004330/pdfft?md5=3e5e73a6b5f9a229cca1e99a708e29ba&pid=1-s2.0-S1279770724004330-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142075919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A national cross-sectional study on breakfast skipping-related factors and comparison of nutritional status according to breakfast skipping in older adults based on the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2020)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study aimed to compare the distinct socio-ecological characteristics, nutritional status, and nutrient intake quality of the older adults based on breakfast skipping (EBF, eating breakfast vs. SBF, skipping breakfast). This study also investigated the association between breakfast skipping, socioecological features, and quality of nutrient consumption.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>From the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2020), data of 92,093 subjects aged ≥ 65 years old (male: 43,910 and female: 48,183) having data with eating habits, such as nutrient intake and skipping breakfast were analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The average age of SBF was markedly lower than EBF. EBF had a lower employed status, education level, heavy alcohol intake frequency, smoking, and eating out regularly than SBF. Compared to EBF, SBF showed a significantly higher BMI and waist circumference. Moreover, EBF showed a markedly higher average intake in energy, protein, fiber, calcium, and iron compared with SBF, while SBF had a noticeably higher mean intake in fat, saturated fat, and sugar. In addition, SBF had a significantly reduced mean adequacy ratio (MAR, adjusted OR: 0.260 [95% CI: 0.245−0.276]) and the value of index nutritional quality (INQ, adjusted OR: 0.847 [95% CI: 0.799−0.898]) compared with EBF.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>There were distinct socioecological features and nutritional conditions of older adults relying on breakfast skipping; and a strong association between breakfast skipping, socioecological parameters, and nutrient intake quality. These observations provide the significance of breakfast skipping in the nutritional status of older adults and offer fundamental information for nutritional education and implications for older adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279770724004226/pdfft?md5=d7a64ab3b34067a735d7a50e955de89e&pid=1-s2.0-S1279770724004226-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The relation between preoperative radiological sarcopenia and postoperative recovery of physical activity in older surgical cancer patients; an explorative study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To identify older surgical cancer patients at risk of decreased postoperative recovery of physical activity (PA), this study assesses whether preoperative radiological sarcopenia (RS) is associated with a decreased ability to return to baseline PA. RS was defined as decreased psoas muscle mass or -density by gender-specific cut-offs on CT-scans at level of vertebra L3. PA was assessed as steps/day measured with PA tracker and recovery of PA was defined as >90% of preoperative steps/day at 3 months postoperatively. Of 44 included patients aged 65 and over undergoing oncologic surgery, 18 patients (41%) showed RS. Seventeen patients (39%) returned to baseline PA, of which eight patients had RS (47%). RS was not associated with a return to baseline PA (OR: 1.38, 95%CI 0.39–4.92, p = 0.61). In this exploratory study, no association was found between preoperative RS and recovery of PA postoperatively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279770724004329/pdfft?md5=b39ecacec02ca05f9b1a2bd09f5413fc&pid=1-s2.0-S1279770724004329-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-trajectories in different domains of social supports and subjective motoric cognitive risk syndrome: a 16-year group-based multi-trajectory analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal relationships between the trajectories of distinct subtypes of various domains of social supports and risk of subjective motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Longitudinal cohort study.</p></div><div><h3>Setting and participants</h3><p>2,279 participants in the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (TLSA) between 1999 and 2011.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A group-based multi-trajectory modeling (GBMTM) was implemented to identify distinct trajectory subtypes within various social support domains, encompassing social networks, emotional support, instrumental support, as well as working and economic status. Logistic regression models were then utilized to evaluate the associations between these trajectory subtypes and the risk of subjective MCR.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 2,279 participants, GBMTM identified four distinct trajectory subtypes: \"low social support\" (n = 371), \"medium social support \" (n = 862), \"high social support\" (n = 292), and \"high social support with employment\" (n = 754). The incidence rates of subjective MCR for these groups were 9.4%, 9.0%, 4.1%, and 0.8%, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, education level, and comorbidities, both “low social support” (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.07, 95% CI [1.60–10.34]) and “medium social support” (aOR 3.10, 95% CI [1.26−7.66]) were significantly associated with an increased risk of subjective MCR compared to the \"high social support with employment\" group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and implications</h3><p>The current study demonstrates that social support significantly reduces the risk of subjective MCR, with lower support levels correlating to higher risk, necessitating further intervention studies to confirm the link between social support and risk of subjective MCR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279770724004214/pdfft?md5=62e3c143437ec99eb033b2beab18ddd4&pid=1-s2.0-S1279770724004214-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Joint effects of physical frailty and traditional cardiovascular risk factor control on cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Physical frailty has been found to increase the risk of multiple adverse outcomes including cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetic patients, but whether this could be modified by traditional risk factor control remains unknown. We aimed to explore the joint and interaction effects of frailty and traditional risk factor control on the risk of CVD.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>A population-based cohort study.</p></div><div><h3>Setting and participants</h3><p>We included 15,753 participants with type 2 diabetes at baseline from UK Biobank.</p></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><p>Physical frailty was assessed by Fried criteria’s frailty phenotype. The degree of risk factor control was determined by the numbers of the following factors controlled within the target range, including glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, and kidney condition. Incident CVD included coronary heart disease, stroke, or heart failure. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the individual and joint effects of frailty and risk factor control on the risk of CVD.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After a median follow-up of 13.5 years, 1129 incident CVD events were observed. Compared with non-frailty, both prefrailty and frailty were significantly associated with increased risk of CVD (HR 1.22, 95% CI [1.13, 1.31] for pre-frailty and 1.70 [1.53, 1.90] for frailty). For the joint effects, participants with frailty and a low degree of risk factor control (control of 0−1 risk factors) had the highest risk of CVD (2.92 [2.04, 4.17]) compared to those with non-frailty and optimal risk factor control (control of 4−5 risk factors). Moreover, a significant additive interaction between frailty and risk factor control was observed, with around 3.8% of CVD risk attributed to the interactive effects.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Both prefrailty and frailty were associated with a higher risk of CVD in participants with type 2 diabetes. Moreover, physical frailty could interact with the degree of risk factor control in an additive manner to increase the CVD risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279770724004299/pdfft?md5=0b4c6b82b492ad09bba50060e33dcc67&pid=1-s2.0-S1279770724004299-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The association between sarcopenia index and cognitive function among Chinese older adults","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100331","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279770724004184/pdfft?md5=9191888ffc5b3826845b1d4b5b0e9a82&pid=1-s2.0-S1279770724004184-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141954154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long-term association between water intake and kidney function in a population at high cardiovascular risk","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The evidence on water intake in the prevention of kidney function decline is scarce at population level in well-being individuals at high cardiovascular risk. Therefore, we aimed to longitudinally evaluate the associations between total water intake and subtypes and kidney function, through estimated-Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Three-year prospective analysis conducted in 1986 older adults (aged 55–75 year) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-Plus study. Water intake was assessed using validated beverage and food frequency questionnaires. Serum creatinine-based eGFR (SCr-based eGFR; ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>) was estimated using the CKD-EPI equation at baseline, one-year and 3-years of follow-up. Mixed-effects linear regression models were fitted to evaluate the associations between baseline total water intake and subtypes, and SCr-based eGFR over 3-years of follow-up.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants in the highest baseline tertile of total water intake, plain water and water from all fluids showed a lower decrease in SCr-based eGFR after 3-years of follow-up, compared to those in the lowest tertile. Participants with the highest tap water consumption showed a lower SCr-based eGFR decline after 1-year and 3-years of follow-up, in comparerd to participants in the lowest intake category (T3 vs. T1: β: 1.4 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>; 95%CI: 0.5–2.3, β: 1.0; 95%CI: 0.1–2.0, respectively).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Plain water rather than other water sources, and especially tap water, was associated with lower kidney function decline assessed through eGFR over 3-years of follow-up, in older individuals at high cardiovascular risk.</p></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><p>ISRCTN89898870. Retrospectively registered on 24 July 2014</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279770724004147/pdfft?md5=654076ea760d90578869440aefa10b49&pid=1-s2.0-S1279770724004147-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141964637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Daily consumption of ketone ester, bis-octanoyl (R)-1,3-butanediol, is safe and tolerable in healthy older adults in a randomized, parallel arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Ketone bodies are endogenous metabolites produced during fasting or a ketogenic diet that have pleiotropic effects on aging pathways. Ketone esters (KEs) are compounds that induce ketosis without dietary changes, but KEs have not been studied in an older adult population. The primary objective of this trial was to assess the tolerability and safety of KE ingestion in a cohort of older adults.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel-arm trial (NCT05585762).</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>General community, Northern California, USA.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>Community-dwelling older adults, independent in activities of daily living, with no unstable acute medical conditions (n = 30; M = 15, F = 15; age = 76 y, range 65–90 y) were randomized and n = 23 (M = 14, F = 9) completed the protocol.</p></div><div><h3>Intervention</h3><p>Participants were randomly allocated to consume either KE (25 g bis-octanoyl (R)-1,3-butanediol) or a taste, appearance, and calorie-matched placebo (PLA) containing canola oil daily for 12 weeks.</p></div><div><h3>Measurements</h3><p>Tolerability was assessed using a composite score from a daily log for 2-weeks, and then via a bi-weekly phone interview. Safety was assessed by vital signs and lab tests at screening and weeks 0, 4 and 12, along with tabulation of adverse events.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was no difference in the prespecified primary outcome of proportion of participants reporting moderate or severe nausea, headache, or dizziness on more than one day in a two-week reporting period (KE n = 2 (14.3% [90% CI = 2.6–38.5]); PLA n = 1 (7.1% [90% CI = 0.4–29.7]). Dropouts numbered four in the PLA group and two in the KE group. A greater number of symptoms were reported in both groups during the first two weeks; symptoms were reported less frequently between 2 and 12 weeks. There were no clinically relevant changes in safety labs or vital signs in either group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This KE was safe and well-tolerated in this study of healthy older adults. These results provide an initial foundation for use of KEs in clinical research with older adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279770724004160/pdfft?md5=d1ff78b8a8ab1a599816c22096ac2f48&pid=1-s2.0-S1279770724004160-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141964636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Serial gait speed measurements over time and dynamic survival prediction in older adults","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>A one-time gait speed measurement predicts mortality risk. A framework for updating a clinician’s mortality risk perception with new information from each clinic visit is needed. We used joint modeling of longitudinal and survival data for dynamic prediction of mortality risk.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We fit sex-stratified joint models to 20-meter (bi)annual longitudinal gait speed measured every 6 months and 14-year survival data from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study allowing for non-linear fluctuations of gait speed and controlling for important covariates such as age, recent hospitalization, blood pressure, obesity, and comorbidities.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants (N = 3048) were 74 years old with gait speed 1.18 m/s. They were 42% Black, and 52% died over 14 years. Higher gait speed of 0.1 m/s was associated with 23% (95% confidence interval or CI = 20–25%) and 25% (CI = 21–28%) reductions in mortality risk in men and women; and a 0.05 m/s annualized slowing (slope) with 31% (CI = 13–51%) increase in men (all p < 0.05), with findings persisting after covariate adjustment. Distant gait speed history over a year prior contributed little for mortality risk prediction with mean change of only 1–2% in 5-year risk.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The two most recent gait speeds appear sufficient to consider for mortality risk in the present initial analysis. More frequent gait speeds need to be considered in mortality risk prediction before definitive conclusions supporting real-world application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279770724004172/pdfft?md5=29a1c540a065a054c2a28cf6eb202c0a&pid=1-s2.0-S1279770724004172-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The association between fruit and vegetable intake and depression: evidence from genetic studies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100332","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1279770724004196/pdfft?md5=b59e5579bce190fe31e921c2be778f69&pid=1-s2.0-S1279770724004196-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}