Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues最新文献

{"title":"Attenuating effects of vitamin C on lead (Pb)-induced toxicological and endocrine responses in male Wistar rats.","authors":"Ukam U Uno, Oju R Ibor, Utip B Ekaluo, Monday M Onakpa, Augustine Arukwe","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2501016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2025.2501016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the attenuating effect of vitamin C (VC) on lead (Pb)-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats. Twenty-four mature male rats were divided into 4 groups consisting of 6 animals using a completely randomized design. Rats were treated orally with either 60 mg/kg body weight (BW) Pb acetate or 100 mg/kg BW VC singly or combination. Controls group received water (vehicle control). After 65 days exposure, testes and epididymis of the animals were measured for testicular weight, epididymal weight and sperm estimations, while blood and liver samples were collected for liver function, hormonal assays, and oxidative stress responses including transcript expression using real-time PCR. Lead initiated significant increases in expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD,) glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO). Liver function enzyme activities for alkaline phosphatase (ALP,) aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALP) were also elevated in Pb exposed rats. In contrast, a significant decrease was noted in reproductive hormones testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), sperm variables including motility, viability and counts, as well as testes and epididymis weights following Pb treatment. However, the oxidative stress responses and liver function enzymes were reduced in the combined Pb and VC exposure group, while reproductive hormones and sperm profile increased significantly compared to Pb alone. Data indicate that VC exerts an attenuating effect. Our findings showed the attenuating potential of VC on Pb-induced toxicity of male rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel chemical constituents identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and biological activities attributed to extracts from three species of <i>Mimosa</i>.","authors":"Rodrigo Ferreira Santiago, Mariana Helena Chaves, João Paulo da Silva Gomes, Gerardo Magela Vieira Júnior, José Delano Barreto Marinho Filho, Ana Jérsia Araujo, Stéphanie Aguiar de Negreiros Matos Silva, Chistiane Mendes Feitosa, Pedro Vitor Oliveira Silva Furtado, Maria Do Carmo Gomes Lustosa, Mahendra Rai","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2496460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2025.2496460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Mimosa</i> (Fabaceae), includes approximately 540 species, some of which are popularly known as \"Jurema\" and are extensively used in traditional medicine. This study aimed to identify the chemical constituents and examine the antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and cytotoxic activities of ethanolic extracts obtained from the stem bark of <i>Mimosa pteridifolia</i>, <i>M. tenuiflora</i>, and <i>M. verrucosa</i>. Plant materials were subjected to ethanol extraction, followed by (ultra performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) analysis and qualitative phytochemical screening. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH radical assay, while total phenol and flavonoid contents were quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum trichloride (AlCl₃) complexation methods, respectively. Anticholinesterase activity was determined using the Ellman method, and cytotoxicity by the MTT method utilizing human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCT-116), human breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231), and non-tumor mouse fibroblast (L929) cell lines. After analysis of the extracts, 14 compounds, including indole and a new phytoindole alkaloid (10), tannins, proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, and triterpene saponins were identified. While all extracts demonstrated significant antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties. <i>M. tenuiflora</i> exhibited the highest total phenol content (570.06   ±   5.7 GAE/g) while all extracts contained low flavonoid content. Further, <i>M. tenuiflora</i> exhibited the strongest effects (EC₅₀ = 76.87   ±   1.41 μg/ml for antioxidant and IC₅₀ = 2.35 mg/ml for anticholinesterase activity). Importantly, none of the extracts demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against the tested cell lines, indicating non-toxicity to non-cancer cells. Data demonstrated a greater understanding of the chemical composition of three <i>Mimosa</i> species and indicates potential anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities, particularly extracts of <i>M. tenuiflora</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution and colorectal cancer mortality in Taiwan.","authors":"ChunYuh Yang","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2497074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2025.2497074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) air pollution as carcinogenic to humans (Group I). Although PM_2.5 exposure has been associated with lung cancer occurrence, few studies investigated this association with non-lung cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths both among men and women. In Taiwan, deaths attributed to CRC vary considerably across townships, suggesting involvement of the environment. The aim of this study was to examine the association between long-term ambient PM_2.5 exposure and deaths attributed to CRC in 66 municipal areas across Taiwan. Annual PM_2.5 levels were compared against age-standardized CRC mortality rates in male and female residents of these municipalities from 2012 to 2021. Annual PM_2.5 levels of different municipalities were sub-divided into tertiles. Adjusted risk ratio (RR) was calculated by multiple regression analyses, controlling for municipal lung cancer deaths, urbanization level, annual average household income, and density of physicians in the municipal areas. For males, adjusted RRs for CRC death were 1.1 (95% CI = 1.05-1.15) for municipalities with PM_2.5 levels ranging from 18.96 to 25.19 µg/m³and 1.15 (95% CI = 1.1-1.21) for levels ranging from 25.2 to 29.48 µg/m³, respectively, compared to those areas belonging to the lowest tertiles. Our analysis of trend suggested that risk of CRC-related death paralleled increases PM_2.5 levels in males. For females, adjusted RRs were 1.18 (95% CI = 1.12-1.25) and 1.12 (95% CI = 1.06-1.19), respectively. Evidence indicated that long-term exposure to PM_2.5 may elevate the risk of CRC-related death in both men and women in Taiwan.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MC-LR induced apoptosis in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells through activation of TNF-R1/RIPK1 pathway.","authors":"Yaqi Wang, Yue Yang, Mei Yuan, Fei Yang, Wen Zeng, Jun Liu, Chunhua Zhan","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2439532","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2439532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the outbreak of cyanobacterial blooms has become increasingly frequent. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a metabolite of cyanobacteria, poses a significant threat to the ecosystem and human health. Several studies have demonstrated that MC-LR might induce renal cell apoptosis, as a consequence of tissue damage. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying MC-LR-initiated renal injury remain to be determined. This investigation aimed to determine the role of apoptosis in MC-LR-induced kidney damage and its potential underlying mechanisms using the human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line. The results of TUNEL and immunofluorescence assays indicated that MC-LR induced increased apoptosis in HEK293 cells. Compared to control, the mRNA expression levels of RIPK1, caspase-8, and TNF-α were elevated following incubation with MC-LR, while the mRNA expression level of Bcl-2/Bax was decreased. The protein levels of RIPK1, TNF-R1, and caspase-8 were elevated in the MC-LR-treated HEK293 cells. Data demonstrated that MC-LR induced renal cell apoptosis through activation of the TNF-R1/RIPK1 pathway, providing new insights into understanding the toxic mechanisms attributed to MC-LR.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"339-348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of 2,5-hexanedione on rat ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis involves endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent m-TOR signaling pathway.","authors":"Lemei Zhu, Yue Yang, Jingsi Tan, Yibo Lin, Jiaqi Qing, Xin Li, Lingfeng Zeng","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2438832","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2438832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational exposure to N-hexane/2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) was found to adversely affect reproductive functions in females. However, there are few studies regarding the mechanisms underlying reproductive system damage initiated by 2,5-HD. Several studies demonstrated that 2,5-HD exerts hormonal dysfunctions in females by promoting apoptosis using rat ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) as a model. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a key role in cellular processes such as protein folding and modification, Ca²⁺ storage, and lipid synthesis, which are known to involve the activation of stress (ERS)-dependent m-TOR signaling pathway. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of 2,5-HD on ER and the associated activation of stress (ERS)-dependent m-TOR signaling pathway resulting in consequent apoptosis of ovarian GCs. Data demonstrated that after intraperitoneal treatment with 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg 2,5-HD for 6 consecutive weeks, 5 times per week, a decrease in body weight, ovarian weight, and relative ovary weight was found. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay showed that 2,5-HD promoted apoptosis of ovarian GCs, which involved enhanced relative protein expression levels of m-TOR/p-mTOR. Our findings demonstrated that 2,5-HD (1) elevated expression levels of pro-apoptosis-related genes <i>Bax</i> and <i>Caspase 3</i>, (2) decreased expression levels of the anti-apoptosis gene <i>Bcl-2</i>, and (3) activated the protein expression of glucose-regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1), and c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK) associated with increased apoptosis. Evidence indicates that chronic exposure to 2,5-HD induced apoptosis of ovarian GCs, and the possible mechanism underlying this effect involves the ERS-dependent m-TOR signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"319-328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and identification of a native bacterium <i>Citrobacter farmeri</i> against microcystin-LR in anaerobic environments.","authors":"Rong Zhang, Lili Yang, Sihong Long, Shengyu Zhang, Jia Wei, Fei Yang","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2438837","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2438837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), produced by cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms, poses a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Biodegradation is an important method for MC-LR elimination. Aerobic biodegradation has been extensively studied and many bacteria were identified. However, few MC-degrading bacteria have been isolated from anaerobic environments, and these degradation mechanisms are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to collect anaerobic MC-degrading bacteria from lake sediments in Lake Taihu using acclimation culture to assess biodegradation. Five strains with MC-LR degradation ability were isolated, with strain A4 belonging to <i>Citrobacter farmeri</i> (<i>C. farmeri</i>). exhibiting the highest efficiency at 0.486 μg/ml/d. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identified two novel MC-LR degradation products. Further polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis suggested that <i>C. farmeri</i> A4 did not possess the known MC-degrading gene <i>mlrABCD</i>, suggesting the involvement of an <i>mlrABCD</i>-independent anaerobic degradation pathway. Data demonstrated that the bacterial strain <i>C. farmeri</i> A4 found in Lake Taihu exhibited high anaerobic MC-LR degradation properties, which indicated that anaerobic biodegradation may constitute an important biological method for MC-LR removal in natural environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":"88 8","pages":"329-338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the cytostasis and chromosomal instability potential of myricetin and its chemopreventive effect against bleomycin-induced cyto-genotoxicity.","authors":"Michele Trintinaglia, Ana Paula de Souza, Maria Eduarda Gonçalves Trindade, Mauricio Lehmann, Felipe Umpierre Conter, Rafael Rodrigues Dihl","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2491556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2025.2491556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myricetin (ME) is a major constituent of various foods and beverages consumed by humans, including vegetables, teas and fruits, and is primarily recognized for its iron-chelating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. This study evaluated the cytostatic, genotoxic, and chemopreventive effects of ME in CHO-K1 cells using the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay and explored molecular interactions through <i>in silico</i> systems biology analysis. CHO-K1 cells were exposed to ME (2.5-40 µM). Cytostasis was assessed by the Cytokinesis-Block Proliferation Index (CBPI), and chromosomal instability was measured by the frequency of micronuclei (MNi), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (NBUDs). ME at 40 µM significantly reduced CBPI, while concentrations of 20 and 40 µM increased chromosomal instability (<i>p</i> < 0.05). For chemoprevention, ME (2.5-10 µM) was administered in pre-, co-, and post-treatment with bleomycin (BLM). ME significantly reduced BLM-induced MNi and NPBs in all protocols (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>In silico</i> analysis revealed strong interactions between ME and key proteins related to DNA damage response, apoptosis, and bleomycin detoxification. Notably, the <i>in silico</i> analysis revealed a strong association between ME and bleomycin hydrolase (BLMH) and the interaction of ME with proteins related to DNA damage response and apoptosis regulation. Overall, ME exhibited genotoxicity at high concentrations but demonstrated a significant chemopreventive effect at lower, nontoxic doses. These findings provide insights into the dual biological activity of ME and support its potential use as a protective agent against genotoxic damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between long-term ambient fine particulate matter exposure and risk of postneonatal infant mortality in Taiwan.","authors":"Chih-Cheng Chen, Shang-Shyue Tsai, Chun-Yuh Yang","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2489425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2025.2489425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infants and children may be potentially susceptible to harm from ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) pollution because of the following characteristics (1) immature immune systems (2) not yet fully developed respiratory systems (3) possess a higher absorption rate of pollutants, and (4) and daily activities may expose infants to varying levels. However, few studies have examined the possible correlation between exposure to PM_2.5 and mortality in infants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM_2.5 and post-neonatal mortality in 65 municipal areas across Taiwan. The mean annual PM_2.5 levels of each municipality were categorized from 2013 to 2022 and divided into tertiles. The natural logarithm of the annual post-neonatal mortality rates per 1000 live births was assessed with respect to PM_2.5 level, urbanization level, physician density, and mean annual average household income. Weighted-multiple linear regression was utilized to compute the adjusted RRs and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). When data were not stratified by PM_2.5 levels, a significant positive association was observed between long-term lifetime exposure to ambient PM_2.5 and post-neonatal mortality rates after adjustment for physician density, urbanization level, and average household income. When PM_2.5 levels (in tertiles) were stratified, a positive but nonsignificant trend was found in post-neonatal mortality frequency from the lowest to the highest PM_2.5 category. These findings suggest that long-term exposure to PM_2.5 increases the risk of post-neonatal mortality rates in Taiwan.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of ambient particulate matter (PM_2.5) with reduced sex ratio at birth after the implementation of a rapid transit system in Taipei, Taiwan.","authors":"Shang-Shyue Tsai, Yi-Hao Weng, Chun-Yuh Yang","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2436992","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2436992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sex ratio at birth (SRB) is a simple, noninvasive way to monitor the reproductive health of a population. Apparently only a few studies have assessed the relationship between ambient air pollution and SRBs. The studies that investigated this relationship have yielded inconsistent results. Ambient air pollution levels, including particulate matter (PM_2.5) levels, have decreased in Taipei city after a mass rapid transit (MRT) system commenced operations in 1996. The aim of this study was to determine whether the changes in levels of PM_2.5 after the implementation of the MRT system in Taipei may have influenced the concurrent alterations noted in the SRB. In order to assess this potential association, annual numbers of male and female births were obtained from Taiwan's Department of Household Registration, Ministry of Interior Affairs from 1992 to 2023. Mean yearly SRBs were calculated for 4 time periods, 1992-1995, 1996-2004, 2005-2015, and 2016-2023. Linear logistic regression was employed to evaluate the variation in officially reported PM_2.5 levels during those periods and alterations in the ratios. The ratios for time periods 1 to 4 were 52.61%, 52.22%, 51.78%, and 51.67%, respectively. Compared to Period 1 (pre-MRT), the odds ratios for Periods 2, 3, and 4 were 0.98 (0.97-0.99), 0.97 (0.96-0.98), and 0.96 (0.95-0.98), respectively. The trend toward the decreased SRB was found to be gradual but significant.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"310-317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142781854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditioning rice seeds with chitosan to mitigate salt stress.","authors":"Raquel Stefanello, Raissa Tainá Puntel, Daiane Balconi Bevilaqua, Wagner Jesus da Silva Garcia, Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden, Lucio Strazzabosco Dorneles","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2434656","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2024.2434656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rice is considered to be moderately salt-tolerant during germination, development, and ripening stages, and environmentally sensitive during seedling and reproductive stages, which affects seedling emergence and growth, resulting in significant yield losses. Seed conditioning with chitosan has been employed as a useful tool in high-salinity environments with the aim of increasing crop productivity and quality, as well as promoting more sustainable agricultural practices. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of seed conditioning with chitosan on seed germination and rice seedling growth under salinity stress. The experiment consisted of three seeds conditioning and 4 salinity levels, arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Seeds were sown on germitest paper, and the rolls were placed in a germination chamber (25 ± 2°C and 12 hr photoperiod). Germination and seedling growth parameters were determined. The high salt concentration resulted in reduced growth of rice seedlings, and exogenous application of chitosan at different concentrations and soaking times exerted no apparent adverse effect on germination and growth variables. The attenuating effect of chitosan was observed in the length of the seedlings at all the concentrations utilized. Therefore, evidence indicates that conditioning rice seeds with chitosan might serve as an alternative to mitigate the adverse effects of exposure to stress induced by high salt concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"279-290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}