Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues最新文献

{"title":"Effects of methylparaben on the activities of leukocyte-derived enzymes and antioxidant defense system of African catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i>.","authors":"Adetola M Olatunji-Ojo, Dominic O Odedeyi, Chris O Adedire, Fernando Barbosa, Joseph A Adeyemi","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2543024","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2543024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methylparaben (MeP) has a wide application in several industries including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products (PCP), thus accounting for its ubiquity in the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of MeP on cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and antioxidant defense mechanisms utilizing juvenile African catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> as a model. Juvenile <i>C. gariepinus</i> were exposed to 0.74 or 1.48 mg/L MeP for 28 days after which the liver was excised for determination of cytotoxicity and oxidative stress parameters. The head kidney was extracted for histopathological analysis. Control fish were maintained in water spiked with 10 μL/L ethanol. The levels of respiratory burst, lipid peroxidation, and activities of superoxide dismutase and lactate dehydrogenase increased significantly in MeP-exposed fish especially at 1.48 mg/L compared to control. The % of DNA fragmentation also significantly increased across the treatments. Exposure to MeP resulted in various histological lesions including vacuolation of epithelial cells, infiltration of renal tubules with inflammatory cells, and thickening of the glomerular membrane in the head kidney. Data demonstrated that MeP exerted various adverse effects including cytotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and oxidative stress in the fish, <i>C. gariepinus</i>, attributed to possible activation of cellular stress inflammatory pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"95-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term fine particulate air pollution exposure and risk of gastric cancer mortality in Taiwan.","authors":"ChunYuh Yang","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2536562","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2536562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) has been linked to lung cancer, its association with non-lung cancers remains underexplored. The aim of this study was to examine the association between PM_2.5 exposure and development of gastric cancer (GC), which ranks as the eighth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Taiwanese men and sixth in women. The mortality rates of GC vary considerably across townships in Taiwan, suggesting potential environmental influence. Thus, whether there was an association between long-term exposure to PM_2.5 and deaths attributed to GC was investigated across 66 municipalities in Taiwan. To determine this relationship, age-standardized GC mortality data were collected for the years 2012-2021 and correlated with PM_2.5 levels divided into tertiles. Adjusted risk ratio (RR) attributed to GC death was calculated by multiple regression analyses. For men, adjusted RRs were 1.04 (95% CI = 0.97-1.11) and 0.89 (95% CI = 0.82-0.95) in municipalities in the middle tertile (18.96-25.19 μg/m³) and highest (25.2-29.46 μg/m³), respectively, compared to the lowest (9.44-18.95 μg/m³). For women, the corresponding adjusted RRs were 1.04 (95% CI = 0.94-1.13) and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.77-0.94), respectively. Surprisingly, trend analyses noted a significant inverse association between PM_2.5 levels and GC-related mortality in both men and women. This counterintuitive finding may be a chance finding. Further investigation is needed to study the possible adverse effects of long-term exposure to PM_2.5 on GC-associated mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of housing and high-fructose diet on behavior and cardiovascular response to eucalyptus wildfire smoke in WKY rats.","authors":"Michelle F Fyle, Grace Little, Molly Harmon, Brandi Martin, Wendy Oshiro, Kathrine McDaniel, Yong Ho Kim, M Ian Gilmour, Aimen K Farraj, Mehdi S Hazari","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2543936","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2543936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diet and living conditions are modifiers of behavioral and cardiovascular health, yet the combined effect is understudied, and their potential to alter responses to environmental stressors like wildfire smoke (WS) requires characterization. The purpose of this study was to determine whether housing enrichment (1) mitigates adverse cardiometabolic and neurobehavioral effects following a high fructose diet and (2) decreases responses to WS. Male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were divided into either depleted (DH) or enriched housing (EH) and fed a normal (ND) or high-fructose (HF) diet. Body composition, metabolism, and behavior were assessed over 30-weeks and cardiac function tested after a single exposure to either filtered air (FA) or flaming eucalyptus WS. EH rats exhibited significantly lower % body fat and higher % lean mass, no difference in weight, and significantly lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during the light phase, indicating a shift in basal metabolism after 13 weeks. EH rats habituated faster to acoustic startle and displayed less prepulse inhibition than DH, associated with improved learning and locomotor activity. In general, the effect of housing on behavior was greater than diet, while HF worsened within-group responses. WS increased blood and left ventricular pressure and contractility in EH rats, which was blunted by HF. Thus, housing enrichment appears to (1) improve certain systemic functions and behaviors and (2) enhance cardiovascular responses following WS, but partially blunting the effect of HF. These results indicate a complex interaction between housing and diet over the long-term and potentially altered adverse health risks from environmental smoke exposures.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"107-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12512023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous systems using magnetic graphene oxide NiFe₂O₄ nanocomposites.","authors":"Leonardo Vidal Zancanaro, Bibiana Culau Lopes, Claudir Gabriel Kaufmann, Edson Irineu Muller, Erico Marlos de Moraes Flores, Taíse Regina Schuster Montagner, Adel Qlayel Alkhedaide, Hamada H Amer, Safaa N Abdou, Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden, Sérgio Roberto Mortari","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2580602","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2580602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contamination poses persistent risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health, requiring the development of adsorbents that combine rapid uptake, high capacity, and easy magnetic recovery. The aim of this study was to synthesize a novel graphene oxide/nickel ferrite nanocomposite (GO/NiFe₂O₄) utilizing a hydrothermal route to integrate the surface functionality of GO with ferrimagnetic properties of NiFe₂O₄ for efficient Cr(VI) removal. The hybrid material was characterized by SEM-EDS, XRD, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry, confirming ferrimagnetic behavior at room temperature and retention of GO's oxygenated functional groups that serve as high-affinity binding sites. Batch adsorption experiments (40-300 mg/L) in an acidic medium revealed rapid kinetics and short equilibrium times. Nonlinear modeling identified the Elovich model as the best fit, indicating heterogeneous surface energies and multistage mass transfer. Equilibrium data (20-40 °C) fitted the Sips isotherm, confirming heterogeneous multilayer adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG⁰ < 0; ΔH⁰ < 0) indicated a spontaneous and exothermic process. Regeneration tests using HCl demonstrated efficient desorption and reusability. The proposed mechanism involves electrostatic attraction of Cr(VI) oxyanions, interfacial reduction to Cr(III), coordination to ferrite and oxygenated sites, and post-reduction cation-π stabilization acting synergistically. These results demonstrate the novelty of this study-the first systematic integration of Elovich and Sips modeling to correlate kinetic and equilibrium behaviors in a GO/NiFe₂O₄ system-providing mechanistic insight and confirming the material's high performance and reusability for scalable Cr(VI) remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"383-398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145440053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity assessment of exposure to four short- and ultra-short PFAS using <i>Daphnia magna</i> and <i>Hydra vulgaris</i> as models.","authors":"Houda Hanana, Marie Houédé, Geneviève Farley, Pascale Bouchard, Roxane Sorel, Tuc Dinh Quoc, Sébastien Sauvé, Magali Houde","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2570788","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2570788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Short- and ultra-short per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) such as perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA, 4C), perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS, 4C), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, 2C) and trifluoromethane sulfonic acid (TFMS, 1C) were detected in various environmental matrices, but studies addressing the effects attributed to exposure are still scarce. This study aimed to (1) investigate acute toxicity of these emerging PFAS using <i>Daphnia magna</i> (immobility, mortality, reproduction, and body size) and <i>Hydra vulgaris</i> (morphological changes and reproduction) and (2) assess the sub-chronic/chronic toxicity of TFA in both species. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was also assessed in both species after long-term exposure to TFA. Chemical analysis confirmed presence and stability of the 4 PFAS in exposure media. For all tested PFAS, endpoints examined after acute tests were not markedly affected by exposure and LC₅₀ values were > 1000 mg/L. However, this toxicity was significantly affected by media acidification induced by the tested chemicals (LC₅₀ = 316 and 31,6 mg/L for <i>D. magna</i> and <i>H. vulgaris</i>, respectively). Long-term exposure to TFA did not significantly induce any effect on both species and GST levels were not altered. Overall, results suggest lower toxicity of ultra/short-chain PFAS to these species under selected exposure conditions. However, additional studies investigating multigenerational effects of these PFAS using realistic environmental concentrations are needed to overcome the significant gaps in our understanding of short/ultra-short PFAS-induced toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"348-362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145356819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phyto-cytogenotoxic effects of glyphosate-based herbicide contaminated soil: assays using <i>Allium cepa</i>.","authors":"Luanna Alves Miranda, Augusto César Santos Oliveira, Tatiana da Silva Souza","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2568848","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2568848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide; however, most toxicity studies utilizing plants have been conducted in aqueous solutions, thus overlooking the role of soil properties in modulating herbicidal effects. The aim of this study was to examine the phyto-, cyto-, and genotoxic responses following <i>Allium cepa</i> exposure to glyphosate-contaminated soil. This would thus address a critical knowledge gap regarding herbicide-initiated toxicity under realistic environmental conditions. Glyphosate concentrations were tested in a geometric series with a 2× ratio, ranging from 1 to 1024 mg a.i./kg of soil, based upon levels found in agricultural environments. The parameters examined included germination rate, root length, cell viability, mitotic index, and frequency of chromosomal alterations. Glyphosate concentrations ranging from 16 to 1024 mg a.i./kg inhibited root growth and damaged cell membrane integrity, whereas levels from 1, 4, and 128 mg a.i./kg increased cell division associated with reduced mitotic index at 512 mg a.i./kg. Genotoxic effects were observed from 4 to 1024 mg a.i./kg. While low and intermediate concentrations primarily triggered genotoxic effects, the highest concentrations (256 to 1024 mg a.i./kg) promoted marked cytotoxicity. These findings provide novel evidence that glyphosate in soil might induce biphasic and multiparametric responses in <i>A. cepa</i>, reinforcing the importance of using soil-based bioassays for environmental risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"333-347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145287717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of engineered stone dust-induced reactive oxygen species generation and cytotoxicity <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"W Kyle Mandler, Alycia K Knepp, Stephen S Leonard, Walter McKinney, Sarah Keeley, Yong Qian","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2562482","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2562482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Engineered stone (ES) fabrication generates respirable dust containing crystalline silica (CS), linked to accelerated silicosis outbreaks. Mechanisms underlying this toxicity, particularly the role of particle aging, remain unclear. In the occupational setting, workers are exposed to engineered stone dust (ESD) upon generation by cutting and grinding ES; however, ESD-initiated toxicity is frequently studied in labs using aged particles. This study aimed to compare radical generation and <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxicity of fresh versus aged ESD. Three different respirable ES types (ES A: 60% CS; B: 20%; C: 0%), granite (30%), and Min-u-Sil 5 (MS5, 99.5%) were generated using an automated cutting system and analyzed either freshly stored under N₂ at -80°C or after aging in air at room temperature for 2 weeks. RAW 264.7 macrophages were exposed to particles (10 µg/well, 100 µg/ml, 31.25 µg/cm², 24 hr), and viability, apoptosis, necrosis, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured. Fresh ESD/granite exhibited significantly higher electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) radical signals than aged counterparts and MS5. Fresh ES/granite reduced macrophage viability, while aged materials/MS5 did not. Apoptosis increased with all particles where fresh/aged difference occurred only in ES B. Necrosis rose markedly with fresh ES A. Intracellular ROS was elevated by some materials, but N-acetylcysteine (NAC) antioxidant failed to prevent cytotoxicity induced by fresh particles. In conclusion, freshly generated ESD displayed greater radical-generating capacity and distinct cytotoxic effects compared to aged ESD, influenced by factors beyond CS content. ROS-independent mechanisms appear crucial for acute cytotoxicity. These findings indicate particle aging as a critical factor in ESD toxicological assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"304-314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145276598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroendocrine effects of inhaling emissions generated by 3-dimensional (3D)-printing with polycarbonate stock.","authors":"Kristine Krajnak, William K Mandler, Alycia K Knepp, Walter McKinney, Yong Qian","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2555883","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2555883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inhalation of emissions from dimensional (3D) printing with polycarbonate feedstock generated particulate and volatile chemicals as well as respirable bisphenol A (BPA). BPA is a known endocrine disruptor that affects both reproductive and metabolic endocrine functions. The goal of this study was to determine whether exposure to emissions generated by 3D-printing with PC stock disrupted endocrine function in a male Sprague Dawley rat model. In the current study, inhalation of 3D emissions (3DE) at an average 2.5 mg/m³/day increased circulating estradiol levels after 15 and 30 days' exposure, and elevated testosterone levels after 15 days 3DE exposure. Changes also occurred in circulating concentrations of the anterior pituitary hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) following 30 days' exposure to 3DE. These alterations in circulating steroid hormones were associated with changes in gonadotropin and thyroid stimulating hormone (<i>Tsh</i>) transcript levels in pituitary and estradiol receptor as well as in transcripts for inflammatory factors in olfactory bulb and gonadotropin releasing hormone transcript levels in the hypothalamus. Data are in agreement with studies demonstrating that exposure to BPA results in endocrine disruption. These findings are also consistent with the hypothesis that inhalation of 3DE may constitute another route of exposure that needs to be considered taking into account the endocrine disrupting effects generated by inhalation of 3DE.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"222-236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12682252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring the toxicity of effluents from an industrial waste treatment plant using seed germination and early development plant-based bioassays: a case study.","authors":"Tamara Alessandra Costa Santos, Gabriel Augusto Silva Vaz, Maria Fernanda Barbosa Vaz da Costa, Larissa Fonseca Andrade-Vieira","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2587299","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2587299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Industrial effluents may contain a wide range of contaminants capable of producing adverse environmental effects even after conventional treatment. This study aimed to assess the phytotoxic potential of effluents derived from a waste treatment company located in a rural area of Minas Gerais, Brazil, by integrating physicochemical analyses and terrestrial plant bioassays. Samples were collected from raw and treated effluents, as well as nearby surface waters, and tested using four plant species: <i>Lactuca sativa</i>, <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>, <i>Cenchrus americanus</i>, and <i>Zea mays</i>. Biological endpoints included germination percentage (%G), germination speed index (GSI), fresh biomass, and seedling growth parameters. The treated effluent exhibited elevated levels of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nickel, and surfactants, which exceeded environmental regulatory limits. Among the tested species, <i>L. sativa</i> demonstrated the highest sensitivity across all endpoints, displaying an average inhibition of 31.59% and the highest Integrated Biological Response (IBR) value. The combination of sensitivity indices and IBR confirmed the toxic potential of treated effluent, emphasizing the relevance of bioassays as complementary tools to traditional physicochemical assessments. These findings indicate the limitations of current treatment processes and reinforce the need for ecotoxicological monitoring using multiple plant models to detect sublethal and potentially genotoxic effects of effluent discharge on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"423-441"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145558454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species-specific toxicological responses in relation to body burden and bioaccumulation pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a tropical estuarine food web.","authors":"Oju R Ibor, Andem B Andem, Raymond O Ajang, Patrick Ekok, Julius A Agabi, Beshel S Beshel, Ama John, Francesco Regoli, Monday M Onakpa, Augustine Arukwe","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2564186","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2564186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate oxidative stress, biotransformation and bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tropical estuarine food webs including fish (<i>Chrysicthys nigrodigitatus</i>), fiddler crab (<i>Uca tangeri</i>), blue crab (<i>Calinectis amnicola</i>), prawn (<i>Macrobrachium vollenhovenii</i>), periwinkle (<i>Tympanotonus fuscatus</i>) and sediment samples at three sites, Adiabo (control site), Obutong and Nsidung representing different degrees of anthropogenic contamination along Cross River Estuary, Nigeria. Hepatic oxidative stress and biotransformation enzyme activities glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), glutathione reductase (Gr), glutathione S-transferase (Gst), uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltranferease (Udpgt), 7-ethoxy-, methoxy-, pentoxy-, and benzyloxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD, MROD, PROD and BROD) and PAHs levels were determined. Data demonstrated species- and site-specific mediated toxicological effects in oxidative stress, biotransformation responses, and PAHs bioaccumulation in biota and sediments from contaminated sites (Obutong and Nsidung), compared to control (Adiabo). The EROD, MROD, BROD, PROD activities and GPx, Gr, Gst, Udpgt exhibited significant increase in biota collected from contaminated sites at Obutong and Nsidung compared with control Adiabo. These biomarker response observations paralleled PAHs accumulation at Obutong and Nsidung suggesting PAHs exposure induced oxidative and biotransformation biomarker responses. Principal component analysis (PCA) produced significant associations between variables indicating sites were major factors determining contaminants uptake and biomarker responses in biota (fish, crabs, prawn and periwinkle). Data demonstrated site and species-specific occurrence and concentrations of PAHs in sediment and tropical estuarine food webs with corresponding biotransformation and oxidative stress responses on resident biota. Concentrations of PAHs detected in these tropical food webs indicate serious human food safety and environmental health concerns.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"315-331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}