Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues最新文献

{"title":"Long-term fine particulate air pollution exposure and risk of gastric cancer mortality in Taiwan.","authors":"ChunYuh Yang","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2536562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2025.2536562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) has been linked to lung cancer, its association with non-lung cancers remains underexplored. The aim of this study was to examine the association between PM_2.5 exposure and development of gastric cancer (GC), which ranks as the eighth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Taiwanese men and sixth in women. The mortality rates of GC vary considerably across townships in Taiwan, suggesting potential environmental influence. Thus, whether there was an association between long-term exposure to PM_2.5 and deaths attributed to GC was investigated across 66 municipalities in Taiwan. To determine this relationship, age-standardized GC mortality data were collected for the years 2012-2021 and correlated with PM_2.5 levels divided into tertiles. Adjusted risk ratio (RR) attributed to GC death was calculated by multiple regression analyses. For men, adjusted RRs were 1.04 (95% CI = 0.97-1.11) and 0.89 (95% CI = 0.82-0.95) in municipalities in the middle tertile (18.96-25.19 μg/m³) and highest (25.2-29.46 μg/m³), respectively, compared to the lowest (9.44-18.95 μg/m³). For women, the corresponding adjusted RRs were 1.04 (95% CI = 0.94-1.13) and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.77-0.94), respectively. Surprisingly, trend analyses noted a significant inverse association between PM_2.5 levels and GC-related mortality in both men and women. This counterintuitive finding may be a chance finding. Further investigation is needed to study the possible adverse effects of long-term exposure to PM_2.5 on GC-associated mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using National Land Cover Database as an indicator of successful remediation: the Department of Energy's Rocky Flats (Colorado) as a case study.","authors":"Joanna Burger, Michael Gochfeld, Kevin G Brown, Monica Cortes, Kelly Ng, David S Kosson","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2534616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2025.2534616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Missions for federal facilities, such as the Department of Defense (DOD) and the Department of Energy (DOE), include protecting human health and the environment. The public is interested in whether ecological resources are protected on such lands, especially following remediation of legacy wastes remaining from World War II, Cold War, and industrial activities. Many DOE sites are remediated for future uses depending upon potential for exposure to residual contamination. This study: (1) examined the % ecological resources remaining on Rocky Flats following completion of cleanup, (2) compared the ecological resources (i.e. plant cover) of Rocky Flats (RF) with the surrounding 10-km and 30-km bands of land, and (3) measured % natural vegetation on RF with comparable % on three other large DOE facilities that are still undergoing remediation. Rocky Flats contains significantly more grassland than the surrounding region, with less development, and is mostly a National Wildlife Refuge open to the public. Agriculture and grazing do not occur on RF. The three sites undergoing remediation have significantly more natural habitat (climax vegetation) than their surrounding buffer areas. The aim of this study was to examine the implications of ecological protection of climax vegetation upon these sites and the importance of consistently examining regional ecologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological response of rice to graphene oxide under cadmium chloride stress.","authors":"Raissa Tainá Puntel, Raquel Stefanello, Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden, Lucio Strazzabosco Dorneles","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2534859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2025.2534859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal commonly introduced into agricultural soils through phosphate fertilizers. Cadmium accumulation poses serious risks to human health, crop productivity, and environmental sustainability. Although the toxic effects of Cd on plant development are well documented, effective and sustainable strategies to mitigate its impact on seed germination and early plant growth remain limited. Nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO) demonstrated potential in alleviating abiotic stress, but application in Cd-contaminated agricultural systems requires further investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the potential of GO as a possible mitigator of adverse Cd-initiated effects on seed germination and initial growth of rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) seedlings. Rice seeds were treated with varying concentrations of GO (0 to 500 mg/L), Cd chloride (0 to 0.4 mM), and combination of GO + Cd chloride simultaneously. The experiment was conducted on a germitest paper, where the rolls were kept for 7 days in a germination chamber (25 ± 2 °C and 12 hr light). The germination and seedling growth were subsequently assessed. Cadmium exposure inhibited seed germination and early seedling development, particularly at concentrations from 0.1 mM. Graphene oxide, on the other hand, proved to be a suitable alternative to mitigate Cd-induced stress, showing a significant enhanced germination at concentrations of up to 250 mg/L. Graphene oxide demonstrated potential as a protective agent against Cd-induced toxicity in rice seeds, suggesting its promising application in improving crop resilience in metal-contaminated environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144676574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Root nutrient uptake, photosynthetic transients, growth and leaf anatomy of <i>Citharexylum myrianthum</i> suggest tolerance to soil cadmium toxicity.","authors":"Vitor Luís Santos Silva, Martielly Santana Dos Santos, Valéria Ferreira Fernandes, Rodrigo Barbosa Kloss, Carlos Priminho Pirovani, Pedro Antônio Oliveira Mangabeira, Marcel Giovanni Costa França","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2531901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2025.2531901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increase in water and soil contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) constitutes a major environmental concern. Amongst these elements, cadmium (Cd) stands out due to its high mobility in both soil and plant vascular tissue. Consequently, effective strategies for PTE removal are urgently needed. This study aimed to examine the growth, anatomical and cellular traits, chlorophyll fluorescence, macro- and micronutrients content of Pau-Viola (<i>Citharexylum myrianthum</i> Cham.) seedlings exposed to different Cd concentrations 0.25, 0.5, or 0.75 μmol/kg in soil. <i>C. myrianthum</i> seedlings exposed to Cd exhibited minimal alterations in morphophysiological attributes. Cadmium was predominantly retained in the root system with limited translocation to the shoots, thereby preserving growth and nutritional balance. The lower Cd accumulation in the leaves helped maintain the integrity of the photosynthetic electron transport chain and the chlorophyll index, resulting in only minor changes in chlorophyll <i>a</i> fluorescence transients. The observed tolerance of <i>C. myrianthum</i> to Cd-initiated toxicity suggests metallic potential use in reforestation programs for Cd-contaminated areas, as the species demonstrated resilience and physiological stability under such conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh</i> hydroalcoholic extract with bioactive compounds, antitumor and photoprotective activity against UVB radiation.","authors":"Mariana Tonello Biffi, Ingrithy Vendruscolo, Israel Keller Silva, Sabrina Ishikawa, Patrícia Aline Bressiani, Anna Karolina Gomes Oliveira, Virginia Marcia Concato, Wander Rogério Pavanelli, Irede Angela Lucini Dalmolin, Guilherme Bertoldo, Elisângela Düsman","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2532777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2025.2532777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to produce and characterize a hydroalcoholic extract of <i>Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh</i> (Camu-Camu) as well as determine antitumor and photoprotective potential. Data showed that 20 min and 50% ethanol:50% water were the best conditions for extraction in terms of phenolic compounds. The antioxidant capacity of the extract was determined utilizing the DPPH method and obtained an EC₅₀ value of 100.0 ± 3.2 μg/L. The ascorbic acid value detected was 3,504.78 ± 63.5 mg/100 ml using the Balentine method. The MTT cytotoxicity test demonstrated that the extract was not cytotoxic for renal cells of <i>Macaca mulatta</i> (LLC-MK2), but in fact initiated an increase in cell viability to 239.56%. Using the same assay with tumor cells, the extract demonstrated cytotoxic effect for human liver (HuH-7.5) and renal carcinoma (786-0) resulting in a cell viability of 22 and 20%, respectively. Ultraviolet type B radiation induced mortality of LLC-MK2 cells with cytotoxic effect proportional to the concentrations employed; however, the extract of Camu-Camu was able to promote photoprotection, especially in post-treatment with a viability of 38.79% without treatment for 178.8% in the post-treatment. Data demonstrated that the extract of Camu-Camu may be considered an important substance to prevent damage generated by ultraviolet radiation and as an anti-tumor agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the quantitative toxicological relationship between PFAS alkyl fluorine structure and exposure levels leading to changes in blood-based clinical markers in rats.","authors":"Andrew J Prussia, Eugene Demchuk","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2520427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2025.2520427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants, many of which exhibit low <i>in vivo</i> clearance rates. The long-chain PFAS (≥6 perfluorinated carbons), due to low clearance rates, are often perceived to exert a higher toll on human health than short-chain PFAS. However, a comprehensive toxicological and epidemiological comparison of long- and short-chain PFAS is overdue, leaving significant data gaps and limitations. For the first time, this study investigated the quantitative relationship between overall PFAS fluorine structure (C-F bond), which includes the alkyl chain length as one component, and PFAS doses that trigger changes in rat blood-based clinical markers. Fifteen markers published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) after 28-day exposure to 7 PFAS with both long- and short-chain perfluorinated alkyl structures were examined. The aim of this study was to (1) determine PFAS doses that trigger changes in the marker levels for hepatic, renal, cardiovascular, and metabolic systems and (2) use these doses in multiple linear regression models to examine relationship to variables describing PFAS chemical structures. Our findings showed a log-linear dependence of alterations in marker levels on PFAS fluorine structure, as measured in the number of alkyl carbon-fluorine (C-F) bonds. Each C-F bond affected the marker effect levels by 0.45 ± 0.01 mmol/kg-day. The variety of studied clinical markers suggests that PFAS exposures led to deviations in multiple biological pathways in the rat animal model, which may inform future research and regulatory decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive phytochemical profiling and cytotoxic assessment of <i>Caucasalia macrophylla</i> coupled with in silico docking and miRNA (miR-19b, miR-20a, miR-126, miR-155, miR-200c)-Mediated gene regulation analysis.","authors":"Zeynep Betül Sarı, Muhammet Emin Sarı, Emine Incilay Torunoğlu, Alper Durmaz, Abidin Gümrükçüoğlu, Erdi Can Aytar","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2527653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2025.2527653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to identify the chemical constituents of the methanol extract of <i>Caucasalia macrophylla</i> using GC-MS and HPLC-DAD techniques. The cytotoxic activity was determined by the MTT assay using human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231) and hTERT-immortalized mammary epithelial cells (hTERT-HME1). The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) for MDA-MB-231 cells was found to be 1.2 mg/ml. This concentration inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the extract was tested using a miRNA Isolation Kit to assess the mRNA expression profiles in both MDA-MB-231 and hTERT-HME1 cell lines. In cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), the expression of miR-126 was significantly upregulated 2.2-fold, while miR-155 and miR-200c were significantly downregulated 0.3-fold and 0.4-fold respectively. In healthy cells (hTERT-HME1), the expression levels of miR-19b, miR-155, and miR-200c were also significantly reduced. Further a comprehensive molecular docking analysis was conducted against phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Among the tested compounds, rutin exhibited the strongest binding affinity with a binding energy of - 9.1 kcal/mol. This compound demonstrated potential anticancer effects by modulating PI3K activity. The findings suggest that modulation of signaling pathways by natural compounds may represent a promising approach for development of novel cancer therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipids potentially contribute to exacerbated inflammatory markers in Metabolic Syndrome mice acutely following pulmonary nanoparticle exposure.","authors":"Akshada Shinde, Li Xia, Arjun Pitchai, Jenna N Swihart, Christina Ferreira, Jonathan Shannahan","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2527646","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2527646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a combination of disturbances including dyslipidemia. Epidemiological assessments demonstrated that individuals with MetS exhibit exacerbated inflammation following particulate inhalation. The mechanisms underlying these inflammatory responses remain to be elucidated, preventing the development of strategies to protect vulnerable and prevalent populations. Lipids dysregulated in MetS are intricately involved in inflammatory regulation. Particulate exposure-induced modifications in bioactive lipids were suggested to mediate inflammation in MetS susceptible mice. To assess this hypothesis, mice were fed a control diet or a high-fat western diet for 14-weeks to generate healthy or MetS models. Mice were exposed to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via oropharyngeal aspiration and acute toxicity endpoints determined 4-h post-exposure. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid demonstrated that the AgNP exposure produced neutrophilia in both healthy and MetS mouse models, which was exacerbated in MetS mice. Gene expression of chemokine ligand-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 were upregulated equally in both healthy and MetS mice. Pulmonary lipids were measured utilizing an MRM profiling approach, which noted induction of pro-inflammatory lipids in MetS following AgNP exposure compared to healthy mice. Specifically, arachidonic acid, prostaglandin-E2, prostaglandin-D2, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and leukotriene-B4 were elevated in MetS mice following exposure, supporting the contribution of lipids to exacerbated inflammation. Further, pulmonary gene expression demonstrated upregulation of lipid metabolism enzymes arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 in MetS mice following AgNP exposure. Overall, data suggest dysregulation of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators contributes to early exacerbations in inflammatory responses observed in MetS animals following particulate exposures that might be targeted for therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12282671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of exposure to ambient air fine particulate matter pollution on mortality among children aged under five in Taiwan.","authors":"Shang-Shyue Tsai, Chih-Cheng Chen, Chun-Yuh Yang","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2521644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2025.2521644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to ambient fine air particulate matter (PM_2.5) pollution may pose an adverse health hazard risk to infants and children. The under-5 mortality rate serves as an estimate of probability that a child might die between birth and age of five following exposure. This rate has been used by the United Nations as a prime indicator of exposure when setting and evaluating sustainable development goals (SDGs). These particular SDGs targets were set to avoid preventable deaths in this age group. Few investigators examined the relationship between post-birth exposure to PM_2.5 and under-5 mortality. To examine this association, the mean annual PM_2.5 levels of 65 municipal districts were measured in Taiwan from 2013 to 2022 and then divided into tertiles. The under-5 mortality rates per 1000 live births included the following parameters PM_2.5 levels, urbanization, physician density, and mean annual household income. Weighted-multiple linear regression was used to compute the adjusted risk ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Data demonstrated that children living in districts with the highest PM_2.5 levels to be at significantly increased risk of mortality at under-5, with adjusted RR (95% CI) calculated at 1.12 (1.02-1,23) for those residing in municipalities with mean PM_2.5 between 23.7 and 27.49 ug/m³ compared to those living in districts with the lowest PM_2.5 levels. An increase a 0.7% in under-5 child mortality per each 1 ug/m³ rise in PM_2.5, suggested long-term exposure to PM_2.5 enhances the risk of mortality under-5 children in Taiwan.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutagenic assessment and toxicological impact of bergenin in a phenolic-enriched extract from <i>Endopleura uchi</i> (Huber) Cuatrec bark, a medicinal plant from the Amazon rainforest.","authors":"Elkejer Ribeiro da Cruz, Dione Silva Corrêa, Jéssica Machado Miri, Juliana Bondan da Silva, Jayne Torres de Sousa, Ingrid Vicente Farias, Flávio Henrique Reginatto, Juliana da Silva, Ivana Grivicich, Alexandre de Barros Falcão Ferraz, Jaqueline Nascimento Picada","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2464920","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2464920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Endopleura uchi</i> bark traditionally used in folk medicine attributed to its anti-inflammatory properties is due to the presence of bergenin. This study aimed to determine the toxicological parameters associated with exposure to a phenolic-enriched extract of <i>E. uchi</i> bark and bergenin a bioactive byproduct of this compound. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined through spectrometric analyses, while phenolic compounds were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Antioxidant activity was assessed in vitro using the DPPH assay. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were assessed via the MTT assay and comet assay, respectively, whereas mutagenic activity was examined using Salmonella/microsome assay and micronucleus (MN) test. A high content of phenolic (732.22 ± 9.48 mg/g) GAE (gallic acid equivalence) and flavonoid 252.47 ± 5.7 mg/g QE (quercetin) compounds was found in bergenin the phenolic-enriched extract byproduct as well as isomers of gallic acid, epicatechin, isoquercitrin, castalagin, punicalin, and punicalagin. The DPPH value was 23.74 ± 0.45 μg/ml. In MTT assay, the extract exhibited an IC50 of 72.5 ± 2.6 µg/ml. Both extract and bergenin displayed genotoxic activity in L929 fibroblast cells at 50 µg/ml but not mutagenic effects in the Salmonella/microsome assay or MN test. Despite the genotoxic actions, <i>E. uchi</i> bark and bergenin extract did not induce gene or chromosomal mutations, suggesting a low risk of compromising genomic stability. The presence of bioactive compounds such as bergenin and punicalagin in <i>E. uchi</i> bark demonstrates a therapeutic potential of this native tree for treating inflammatory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"495-504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}