Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues最新文献

{"title":"Mutagenic assessment and toxicological impact of bergenin in a phenolic-enriched extract from <i>Endopleura uchi</i> (Huber) Cuatrec bark, a medicinal plant from the Amazon rainforest.","authors":"Elkejer Ribeiro da Cruz, Dione Silva Corrêa, Jéssica Machado Miri, Juliana Bondan da Silva, Jayne Torres de Sousa, Ingrid Vicente Farias, Flávio Henrique Reginatto, Juliana da Silva, Ivana Grivicich, Alexandre de Barros Falcão Ferraz, Jaqueline Nascimento Picada","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2464920","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2464920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Endopleura uchi</i> bark traditionally used in folk medicine attributed to its anti-inflammatory properties is due to the presence of bergenin. This study aimed to determine the toxicological parameters associated with exposure to a phenolic-enriched extract of <i>E. uchi</i> bark and bergenin a bioactive byproduct of this compound. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined through spectrometric analyses, while phenolic compounds were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Antioxidant activity was assessed in vitro using the DPPH assay. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were assessed via the MTT assay and comet assay, respectively, whereas mutagenic activity was examined using Salmonella/microsome assay and micronucleus (MN) test. A high content of phenolic (732.22 ± 9.48 mg/g) GAE (gallic acid equivalence) and flavonoid 252.47 ± 5.7 mg/g QE (quercetin) compounds was found in bergenin the phenolic-enriched extract byproduct as well as isomers of gallic acid, epicatechin, isoquercitrin, castalagin, punicalin, and punicalagin. The DPPH value was 23.74 ± 0.45 μg/ml. In MTT assay, the extract exhibited an IC50 of 72.5 ± 2.6 µg/ml. Both extract and bergenin displayed genotoxic activity in L929 fibroblast cells at 50 µg/ml but not mutagenic effects in the Salmonella/microsome assay or MN test. Despite the genotoxic actions, <i>E. uchi</i> bark and bergenin extract did not induce gene or chromosomal mutations, suggesting a low risk of compromising genomic stability. The presence of bioactive compounds such as bergenin and punicalagin in <i>E. uchi</i> bark demonstrates a therapeutic potential of this native tree for treating inflammatory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"495-504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-response effect of polyphenon-60 from green tea (P60-GT) on hexavalent chromium-induced genotoxic damage and apoptosis in mice.","authors":"Lourdes Montserrat Hernández-Cortés, Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez, Alda Rocío Ortiz-Muñiz, María Del Carmen García-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2455956","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2455956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to examine the dose-response effects of polyphenon-60 derived from green tea (P60-GT) on hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]-induced genotoxic damage and apoptosis. Male Hsd:ICR mice were divided into 4 groups: (1) Control (vehicle only), (2) P60-GT (15, 30, or 45 mg/kg gavage), (3) Cr(VI) (20 mg/kg of CrO₃ intraperitoneally), and (4) P60-GT+CrO₃ (P60-GT administered 4 hr before CrO₃). Peripheral blood samples were collected at 24, 48, and 72 hr to assess the number of micronuclei (MN), apoptosis, and cell viability, while plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were measured at 0 and 48 hr. Cr(VI) significantly increased MN frequency, suppressed 8-OHdG repair, and reduced cell viability. Pre-treatment with P60-GT reduced MN frequency by up to 74%, with the 30 mg/kg dose demonstrating the highest efficacy. This dose restored cell viability, enhanced 8-OHdG repair, and enhanced apoptosis, suggesting activation of DNA repair and apoptotic pathways as potential antigenotoxic mechanisms. The 15 mg/kg dose exhibited anti-apoptotic effects, while the 30 and 45 mg/kg doses promoted apoptosis. However, the 45 mg/kg dose resulted in 100% lethality by 72 hr, likely due to synergistic toxicity with Cr(VI). These findings demonstrate the dose-dependent protective effects of P60-GT and emphasize the need for dosage optimization to maximize therapeutic benefits while minimizing toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"479-494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytotoxicity and cytogenotoxic effects of extracts from the medicinal bark of <i>Rhamnus purshiana</i> DC. (Rhamnaceae).","authors":"Kimberly Silva Souza, Antonio Rodrigues da Cunha Neto, Daniela Aparecida Chagas-Paula, Sandro Barbosa, Geraldo Alves da Silva, João Vitor Barbosa Calvelli","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2466665","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2466665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural products, although frequently associated with beneficial effects and considered harmless, still require thorough analysis; therefore, their bioactive compounds need to be used with caution. Biological assays using plant models represent an appropriate alternative for evaluating the cytogenotoxicity associated with these products. In this study, the phyto- cytotoxic potential of extracts from the bark of <i>Rhamnus purshiana</i> DC. a species widely used for treatment of constipation was investigated due to its anthraquinone content. To this end, seeds of <i>Lactuca sativa</i> L. were employed in phyto-cytogenotoxic assays under chronic exposure to lyophilized and spray-dried extracts. The results showed that extraction methods directly influence the phytochemical composition and biological effects of the extracts. Both extracts exhibited high anthraquinone content, expressed as cascaroside A, with concentrations ranging from 45.65 to 72.17 μg/ml. The spray-dried extract demonstrated a more potent inhibitory effect on morphological parameters, such as root elongation, while lyophilized extract exhibited higher cytotoxicity. Both extracts induced mitodepressive effects and aneugenic damage. Notably, the lyophilized extract induced a 300% increase in mitotic abnormalities compared to control, with a higher frequency of C-metaphases and stickiness. Although <i>R. purshiana</i> is widely used in traditional medicine, the scarcity of studies on cascaroside A raises concerns regarding socio-environmental safety and continued use of this species in dietary supplements.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"505-517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> immunotoxic evaluation of herbicides in RAW 264.7 cells.","authors":"Larissa Vivan Cestonaro, Aline Mocellin Conte, Fernanda Capitanio Goldoni, Nara Lins Meira Quintão, Solange Cristina Garcia, José Roberto Santin, Marcelo Dutra Arbo","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2450418","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2450418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Weeds are a concern in agriculture and the use of herbicides constitutes an effective, efficient, and economical way to control their growth. Recent discoveries of herbicides are promising for the management of resistant weeds. However, there is a gap in the knowledge of the toxic effects of some herbicides previously reported on immune cells. The present study aimed to examine cellular immunotoxicity of three herbicides (clomazone, glyphosate, and sulfentrazone) after 96 hr incubation utilizing RAW 264.7 BALB/c mouse monocyte/macrophage-like cell line to elucidate the role of some toxicological pathways. Data demonstrated the herbicides clomazone, glyphosate, and sulfentrazone initiated a cytotoxic effect as evidenced by EC₅₀ values of 429.2; 53.7; 866.6 mg/L, respectively. Clomazone and sulfentrazone, at all concentrations, induced excess production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen (RNS) free radicals. An immunosuppression was observed in RAW 264.7 cells after incubation with 50 or 100 mg/L glyphosate and 500 or 1000 mg/L sulfentrazone. In addition, all herbicides produced mitochondrial depolarization and decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. This constitutes the first report of the effects of clomazone and sulfentrazone on RAW 264.7 cells, including reduced TNF-α levels, indicating the adverse influence of herbicides on the immune system.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"433-446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical composition, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in silico</i> activity of the methanolic extract derived from <i>Vassobia breviflora</i> against clinically relevant bacteria.","authors":"Altevir Rossato Viana, Erdi Can Aytar, Nickolas Pippi, Daniel Santos, Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden, Bruno Stefanello Vizzotto, Erico Marlon Moraes Flores, André Passaglia Schuch, Luciana Maria Fontanari Krause","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2453858","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2453858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to identify chemical compounds derived from Vassobia breviflora methanolic extract using ESI-ToF-MS and their antioxidant potential activity utilizing the following methods: total phenols, DPPH, and ABTS^•+. The MTT assay measured cytotoxic activity, while DCFH-DA and nitric oxide assays were employed to determine reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) levels using African green monkey kidney (VERO) and human keratinocyte (HaCat) cell lines. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed in seven clinical isolates and nine ATCC strains. Biofilm inhibition was tested against four biofilm-forming strains. The antioxidant properties of the methanolic extract were identified as follows: 35.74 mg GAE/g (gallic acid equivalents)/g for total phenols, 10.5 µg/ml for DPPH, and 50.68 µmol trolox/µg for ABTS^•+. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values were 622.86 µg/ml (VERO) and 784.33 µg/ml (HaCat). These concentrations did not markedly alter levels of ROS and RNS. Conversely, <i>Bacillus cereus</i> β-hemolytic displayed higher sensitivity to the extract, with MIC of 64 µg/ml and MBC of 128 µg/ml. <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> exhibited the lowest biofilm formation among the tested bacteria. The studied plant exhibited activity against all bacterial strains at concentrations lower than the IC50 VERO and HaCat cells, suggesting potential for future studies. Data present a comprehensive molecular docking analysis against the HlyIIR protein (PDB ID: 2FX0) and determined antimicrobial and endocrine-modulating potentials. Notably, lancifodilactone I and nicandrin B demonstrated the strongest binding affinities, with binding energies of -9.8 kcal/mol and -8.3 kcal/mol, respectively, and demonstrated significant antimicrobial effects against B. cereus. In addition, several compounds showed potential interactions with nuclear receptors, indicating potential endocrine-modulating effects. These findings provide insights into developing target-specific antimicrobial therapies and endocrine-modulating agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"463-478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contamination levels and distribution of persistent and non-persistent pollutants in paired hair, urine and serum samples from a Belgian non-occupationally exposed population.","authors":"Julien Claessens, Patrice Dufour, Nadia Dardenne, Corinne Charlier, Catherine Pirard","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2451676","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2451676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Designing ideal human biomonitoring studies involves the selection of reliable markers of exposure in adequate biological matrix. Besides conventional matrices such as blood or urine, hair has been increasingly investigated as a promising noninvasive alternative. However, understanding the pollutant distribution between differing biological compartments is essential for reliable interpretation of data collected. Therefore, the contamination levels and the distribution of some persistent (8 perfluoroalkyl substances - PFAS - and 6 polychlorobiphenyls - PCBs) and non-persistent pollutants (2 bisphenols and 3 parabens) were investigated in paired serum and hair samples, or paired spot urine and hair samples obtained from 30 Belgian non-occupationally exposed individuals. The levels measured were close to those reported in recent larger-scale studies. PFAS, PCB and bisphenol distributions largely differed depending upon the matrix and within the same chemical family depending upon the congener. The correlation and agreement between pollutant levels in differing matrices demonstrated that the information provided is comparable only for highly chlorinated PCBs and parabens, while the classification of exposure for bisphenols was substantially different according to the matrix. The selection of the human matrix thus remains complex and might markedly bias the results obtained, especially when assessing the health risk related to chemical exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"447-462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual synergetic approach for targeting dysfunctional cells based on rare-earth-doped forsterite nanoparticles.","authors":"Rúbia Young Sun Zampiva, Claudir Gabriel Kaufmann, Altevir Rossato Viana, Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden, Luciana Maria Fontanari Krause, Carlos Jacinto, Sergio Roberto Mortari, Marco Rossi, Carlos Pérez Bergmann, Annelise Kopp Alves","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2511139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2025.2511139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, forsterite (Fo, Mg₂SiO₄) has emerged as a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering scaffolds, demonstrating efficacy in inhibiting the growth of clinical bacterial isolates. In addition, rare-earth (RE) doped Fo exhibits excitation properties that match the near-infrared (NIR) biological transparency window (700-1800 nm), facilitating deep penetration into biological tissues. Despite these advantageous properties, data on the toxicity of RE-doped forsterite is lacking, and effects on damaged or dysfunctional cells, such as cancer cells, are not known. The aim of this study was to examine the toxicity of RE-doped forsterite nanoparticles (NPs) in cultures of healthy and tumor skin cells. Specifically, forsterite doped with Er³⁺, Yb³⁺, and a combination of Er³⁺/Yb³⁺, produced via reverse strike coprecipitation (RSC), was employed in cytotoxicity assays. The influence of solution pH on the toxicity response was also investigated. Data demonstrated that all NPs exhibited biocompatibility with HaCaT keratinocytes, while melanoma B16-F10 cells showed increased cell death. Photoluminescence (PL) analyses found that Fo:Yb displayed enhanced blue emission under 980 nm excitation, whereas Fo:Er/Yb exhibited green and red emissions. Data suggest that combining alkalinization effect of forsterite with the up-conversion (UC) photoactivity of NPs might serve as a dual-attack system for <i>in situ</i> oncological treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotoxicity of nicosulfuron and S-metolachlor-based herbicides on non-target plants.","authors":"Rafaela Carvalho de Souza, Leonardo Mendes Silva, Murilo Jovino Moraes, Larissa Fonseca Andrade Vieira","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2507892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2025.2507892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herbicides have been extensively researched due to widespread use in agriculture, consequently raising concerns regarding their environmental impact and potential adverse effects on non-target organisms, including humans. Nicosulfuron is a post-emergence herbicide used to control annual or perennial grasses and broad-leaved weeds. In contrast, S-metolachlor is primarily employed as a pre-emergence herbicide for managing annual grasses and certain broad-leaved weeds in intensive cropping systems. This study aimed to assess the effects of two commercial herbicides, one based upon nicosulfuron and the other upon S-metolachlor active ingredients, on the early developmental stages of the plant models <i>Lactuca sativa</i> L. (lettuce), <i>Raphanus sativus</i> (radish), <i>Pennisetum glaucum</i> (L.) R. Br. (millet), and <i>Triticum aestivum</i> (wheat), as evidenced from germination and seedling development bioassays. Results indicated that all plant models exhibited phytotoxic responses, including inhibited germination, reduced germination speed index, and impaired seedling growth and development, ultimately leading to decreased fresh weight. Among the plant species tested, <i>T. aestivum</i> was the most sensitive, while <i>R. sativus</i> was the least affected. Data suggest that nicosulfuron and S-metolachlor-based herbicides exert significant phytotoxic effects on non-target plants, offering valuable insights for future research on the environmental impacts of these substances.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined anticancer effects of <i>Chamaecytisus hirsutus</i> extract and photodynamic therapy in Gastric cancer cells.","authors":"Metin Caliskan, Sercin Ozlem Caliskan, Emine Incilay Torunoglu, Alper Durmaz, Zekeriya Duzgun, Erdi Can Aytar","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2508839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2025.2508839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The particular plant found in Türkiye, <i>Chamaecytisus hirsutus</i> ;(Fabaceae), has no studies examining its biological effects. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition, chemical profile, antioxidant activity, xanthine oxidase inhibition, anticancer effects, and photodynamic therapy potential of <i>C. hirsutus</i> methanol extract. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified important compounds such as laminitol (28.74%), quinolinic acid (20.23%), and 2-(1,3-Dioxan-2-yl) ethanol (17.27%). The IC₅₀ value of the extract in the DPPH assay was 378.77 ± 4.70 mg/mL, demonstrating significant antioxidant activity. The xanthine oxidase inhibition was found to be 45.75 ± 2.59%, indicating significant free radical scavenging activity. The total phenolic, flavonoid, flavanols, and tannin contents were determined to be 35.14 ± 2.60 mg GAE/g extract, 12.90 ± 0.27 mg QE/g extract, 20.67 ± 0.81 mg QE/g extract, and 2.49 ± 0.12 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. The extract reduced the viability of MKN28 cancer cells by approximately 85% at a concentration of 0.4 mg/mL, demonstrating significant anticancer activity. Combination therapy with photodynamic therapy further enhanced the cytotoxic effect. Additionally, the binding affinities of these compounds with the 1GUX target protein were evaluated using molecular docking, and 4-Methyl-2-pentadecyl-1,3-dioxolane and Laminitol were determined as the strongest inhibitors with binding energies of -6.9 kcal/mol and -6.1 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of these interactions, with 4-Methyl-2-pentadecyl-1,3-dioxolane emerging as the compound with the strongest binding affinity. These findings suggest that <i>C. hirsutus</i> extract has the potential to be a powerful anticancer agent when used in photodynamic therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative assessment of the genotoxic effects of the neurotoxin saxitoxin produced by the freshwater cyanobacterium <i>Raphidiopsis raciborskii</i>.","authors":"Cynthia Silva Porta, Ana Paula de Souza, Felipe Umpierre Conter, Jaqueline Nascimento Picada, Juliana da Silva, João Sarkis Yunes, Daniel Rodrigo Marinowic, Rafael Rodrigues Dihl","doi":"10.1080/15287394.2025.2509761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2025.2509761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Saxitoxin (STX), a potent neurotoxin produced by cyanobacteria, has not been comprehensively investigated with respect to genotoxic potential, especially in freshwater environments. This study aimed to characterize the genotoxic potential of STX obtained from <i>Raphidiopsis</i>. <i>raciborskii</i> cultures using <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in silico</i> approaches. Mutagenic potential was determined through the Ames test with <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> strains TA98, TA100, and TA102. DNA damage and chromosomal instability were assessed in human glioblastoma U87-MG cells using the comet and cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-Cyt) assay, respectively. In addition, systems biology tools were applied to explore STX interactions with genes involved in DNA damage response pathways. Data demonstrated no marked mutagenic activity in the Ames test across tested concentrations (0.625-10 µg/L). However, significant DNA damage and increased micronucleus (MN) formation were observed at 2.5, 5, or 10 µg/L in U87-MG cells, without accompanying cytotoxicity. <i>In silico</i> analysis identified interactions between STX and key proteins, including P53, CDK5, and GSK3B, indicating pathways related to DNA damage, cell cycle regulation, and neurogenesis. These findings suggest that STX from freshwater cyanobacteria might induce genotoxic effects at environmentally relevant concentrations. The integration of <i>in vitro</i> and computational data supports the need for regulatory monitoring of STX in drinking water and emphasizes the relevance of neural cell-based models in assessing cyanotoxin-related adverse risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":54758,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}