Nuclear Physics B最新文献

{"title":"Can we determine the exact size of the nucleon?: A comprehensive study of different radii","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of nucleon radii plays a central role in our understanding of the internal structure of protons and neutrons, providing critical insights into the non-perturbative regime of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). While the charge radius is often interpreted as the “size” of the nucleon, this interpretation is an oversimplification that overlooks the multifaceted nature of nucleon structure. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the different nucleon radii, including the charge and magnetic radii, the axial radius, and the emerging concepts of mechanical and mass radii. We discuss the definitions as well as the experimental, theoretical and phenomenological determinations of these radii, highlighting their distinct physical origins and implications. By synthesizing recent experimental results and theoretical advancements, we emphasize that each radius reflects a specific aspect of the nucleon's internal structure, such as its electric charge distribution, magnetic properties, weak interactions, or internal mechanical stress. In particular, we address the common but misleading interpretation of the proton radius as a simple measure of its size, underscoring the nuanced and context-dependent nature of nucleon radii. Through this exploration, we aim to clarify the roles of these radii in characterizing nucleon structure and to identify open questions that remain to be addressed. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the nucleon and its significance in the broader context of particle and nuclear physics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1017 ","pages":"Article 116962"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective quantum gravity black hole with cloud of strings surrounded by quintessence field","authors":"Ahmad Al-Badawi ,&nbsp;Faizuddin Ahmed ,&nbsp;İzzet Sakallı","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we investigate a static, spherically symmetric black hole (BH) within the framework of Effective Quantum Gravity (EQG) in the presence of a cloud of strings (CS) and a quintessence field (QF). We derive the modified metric function incorporating quantum corrections and analyze its impact on the horizon structure, geodesic motion, shadow formation, scalar perturbations, and thermodynamics. The metric function is influenced by three key parameters: the quantum correction parameter <em>ξ</em>, the CS parameter <em>α</em>, and the parameters (<span><math><mi>c</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>w</mi></math></span>) of the QF. Our results reveal that increasing <em>ξ</em> primarily influences the Cauchy horizon, causing it to expand, while having a negligible effect on the event and cosmological horizons. On the other hand, larger values of <em>α</em> and <em>c</em> lead to an increase in the event horizon radius while reducing the cosmological horizon. The study of null and time-like geodesics indicates that quantum effects modify photon trajectories and the stability of circular orbits. We derive analytical expressions for the radius of the photon sphere and the BH shadow. Our findings indicate that the presence of QF and CS enlarges the shadow radius, whereas the incorporation of effective quantum corrections (<em>ξ</em>) reduces it. Using the Regge-Wheeler equation, we analyze scalar perturbations and greybody factors, demonstrating that <em>ξ</em> suppresses transmission probabilities while enhancing reflection coefficients. This study paves the way for further exploration of EQG-modified rotating BHs, gravitational wave emissions, and astrophysical tests of quantum corrections in future observational studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1017 ","pages":"Article 116961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the proof of chiral symmetry breaking through anomaly matching in QCD-like theories: An exemplification","authors":"Luca Ciambriello ,&nbsp;Roberto Contino ,&nbsp;Ling-Xiao Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our recent works <span><span>[1]</span></span>, <span><span>[2]</span></span> revisit the proof of chiral symmetry breaking in the confining regime of four-dimensional QCD-like theories, i.e. <span><math><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></math></span> gauge theories with <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> flavors of vectorlike quarks in the fundamental representation. The analysis relies on the structure of ‘t Hooft anomaly matching and persistent mass conditions for theories with same <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and different <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. In this paper, we work out concrete examples with <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>5</mn></math></span> to support and elucidate the results of <span><span>[1]</span></span>, <span><span>[2]</span></span>. Within the same examples, we also test some claims made in earlier works.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1017 ","pages":"Article 116957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrino oscillations in the background of a black hole embedded in an expanding Universe","authors":"Daniele Gregoris","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we will study the phenomenon of neutrino oscillations when traveling through the gravitational field of a black hole embedded in a spatially homogeneous and isotropic flat universe. Thus, we will compute the phase shift for neutrinos within the McVittie spacetime building upon the description of their geodesic motion. Standard assumptions of ultrarelativistic neutrinos with degeneracy between their energy eigenstates are maintained, while no screening mechanisms are needed; the correctness of our result can therefore be checked against relevant literature limiting scenarios of static isolated Schwarzschild black hole and of the Friedmann universe backgrounds, separately. We will compare and contrast the effects of local galactic and global cosmic physics, accounted for by the black hole mass and the Hubble rate, in the phase shift; its numerical value will be estimated for some realistic scenarios by re-casting it in terms of measurable astrophysical and cosmological parameters. We will identify the range of applicability of our model as for neutrinos sourced in the accelerated expansion phase of the universe, with the roles of the cosmological constant, dark matter and black hole mass scrutinized in the loss of coherence of the wavepackets. Our analysis will allow us to identify similarities and differences in the interaction between neutrinos and <em>matter</em> or <em>gravitational</em> fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1017 ","pages":"Article 116958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction of the G2-Ricci flow: Geometric implications for spontaneous symmetry breaking and gauge boson masses","authors":"Richard Pinčák ,&nbsp;Alexander Pigazzini ,&nbsp;Michal Pudlák ,&nbsp;Erik Bartoš","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work introduces the G₂-Ricci flow on seven-dimensional manifolds with non-zero torsion and explores its physical implications. By extending the Ricci flow to manifolds with G₂ structures, we study the evolution of solitonic solutions and their role in spontaneous symmetry breaking in gauge theories. In particular, this model proposes that the masses of the W and Z bosons are determined not by an external scalar field, as in the Higgs mechanism, but by the intrinsic geometric torsion of the manifold. Furthermore, a possible connection between the geometry of extra dimensions and the curvature of our spacetime is explored, with implications for the experimentally observed positive cosmological constant. This approach provides an innovative interpretation of fundamental interactions in theoretical physics, opening new possibilities for studying extra dimensions and the geometry of G₂-manifolds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1017 ","pages":"Article 116959"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cosmology of quasi-dilaton massive gravity with non-minimal kinetic coupling","authors":"Sobhan Kazempour ,&nbsp;Amin Rezaei Akbarieh ,&nbsp;Sichun Sun ,&nbsp;Chengye Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we introduce an extension of the quasi-dilaton massive gravity theory and derive the field equations by varying the action with respect to the metric. This extension elucidates the dynamics of the system and demonstrates how it can encompass and recover previous cosmological models through different parameter values. We present the cosmological background equations to analyze self-accelerating solutions that can explain the late-time accelerated expansion of the Universe, driven by an effective cosmological constant arising from massive gravity. Besides, we apply the quasi-dilaton massive gravity theory with non-minimal kinetic coupling to a Type Ia Supernovae (SNIa) data set to test its viability. Our findings indicate that the theory is able to account for the observed acceleration of the expansion of the universe without invoking dark energy. In addition, we carry out a comprehensive perturbation analysis examining tensor, vector, and scalar perturbations independently. We derive the dispersion relation of gravitational waves in a Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmology and determine the stability conditions of the system. Such an analysis results in a sharper quasi-dilaton massive gravity theory with non-minimal kinetic coupling by ensuring the stability conditions of the system are maintained and that strong constraints on theory parameters are provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1017 ","pages":"Article 116952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractional vorticity, Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield systems and complex structures for the (generalized) spinor Gross-Pitaevskii equations","authors":"Fabrizio Canfora ,&nbsp;Pablo Pais","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The (generalized) Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) for a complex scalar field in two spatial dimensions is analyzed. It is shown that there is an infinite family of self-interaction potentials which admit Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) bounds together with the corresponding first-order BPS systems. For each member of this family, the solutions of the first-order BPS systems are automatically solutions of the corresponding second-order generalized GPE. The simplest topologically non-trivial solutions of these first-order BPS systems describe configurations with quantized fractional vorticity. The corresponding fraction is related to the degree of non-linearity. The case in which the self-interaction potential is of order six (namely <span><math><mo>|</mo><mi>Ψ</mi><msup><mrow><mo>|</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, which is a relevant theory both in relativistic quantum field theories in <span><math><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></math></span> dimensions in connection with the quantum Hall effect as well as in the theory of the supersolids) is analyzed in detail. Such formalism can also be extended to the case of quantum mixtures with multi-component GPEs. The relationship between these techniques and supersymmetry will be discussed. In particular, despite several common features, we will show that there are multi-component GPEs that are not supersymmetric (at least, not in the standard sense) and possess a BPS system of the above type.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1017 ","pages":"Article 116955"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring geodesics, quantum fields and thermodynamics of Schwarzschild-AdS black hole with a global monopole in non-commutative geometry","authors":"Faizuddin Ahmed ,&nbsp;Ahmad Al-Badawi ,&nbsp;İzzet Sakallı","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the geodesic motion, scalar field perturbations, and thermodynamic behavior of a static, spherically symmetric black hole solution arising within the framework of non-commutative geometry and incorporating the presence of a global monopole. The study is motivated by the interplay between quantum gravity effects (modeled via non-commutative geometry) and topological defects such as global monopoles, both of which contribute to significant deviations from classical black hole solutions. We begin by formulating the effective potential governing the motion of test particles-both massive and massless-in the modified spacetime. The effects of the non-commutative parameter and the global monopole are systematically examined in the context of various key features: the photon sphere radius, light deflection angle, stability of circular orbits, and the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO). Our results show that the presence of the non-commutative structure enlarges the photon sphere radius and increases the deflection of light, while simultaneously destabilizing circular orbits. Furthermore, we observe that the ISCO radius is highly sensitive to the global monopole parameter, with a noticeable increase for certain ranges of the non-commutative parameter. These findings suggest that non-commutative geometry and topological defects significantly affect the observable properties of black hole environments. In the second part of the study, we explore linear perturbations of a massless scalar field by solving the Klein-Gordon equation in the background spacetime. The resulting effective potential for scalar perturbations is shown to be deeply influenced by both the non-commutative geometry and the global monopole, modifying the scattering and decay characteristics of the scalar field. By employing the eikonal approximation, we compute the complex quasinormal mode (QNM) frequencies and analyze how their real and imaginary parts evolve with changes in the underlying parameters. The results provide insight into the stability of the black hole under perturbations and offer potential observational signatures of non-commutative and monopole-induced corrections. Finally, the thermodynamic properties of the black hole are investigated. We derive the expressions for the Hawking temperature, specific heat, and Gibbs free energy, showing how these quantities deviate from their counterparts in the standard Schwarzschild solution. Notably, we find that the introduction of a non-commutative structure and global monopole leads to non-trivial modifications in the thermodynamic phase structure. In particular, the black hole may exhibit modified thermal stability and phase transitions depending on the values of the non-commutative and monopole parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1017 ","pages":"Article 116951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spin precession frequencies of a test gyroscope around a naked singularity and quasi-periodic oscillations","authors":"Tehreem Zahra ,&nbsp;Mubasher Jamil ,&nbsp;Mustapha Azreg-Aïnou","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various studies show that the gravitational collapse of inhomogeneous matter clouds leads to naked singularity formation. We investigate here the spin precession frequency of a test gyroscope attached to a stationary observer in a rotating naked singularity spacetime. In the weak field limit, Lense-Thirring precession for rotating naked singularity and geodetic precession in asymptotic limit for null naked singularity are found to be equal to that of a Kerr black hole and a Schwarzschild black hole respectively. In addition, we can distinguish rotating naked singularity and Kerr naked singularity for an observer in the equatorial plane using spin precession. To this end, we have found the constraints on the parameters of rotating naked singularity by employing Monte Carlo Markov Chain simulation and using the observation from five quasi-periodic sources within the relativistic precession model. Our analysis shows that the measurement of spin parameter estimate for GRO J1655-40 is in disagreement with the value found from the continuum-fitting method, while for XTEJ1859+226 and GRS 1915+105, it is inconsistent with spectral analysis results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1017 ","pages":"Article 116954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical interpretations of integration constants and large gauge effects in flat and AdS spacetimes","authors":"Leyla Ogurol,&nbsp;Bayram Tekin","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As in other partial differential equations, one ends up with some arbitrary constants or arbitrary functions when one integrates Einstein's equations, or more generally field equations of any other gravity. Interpretation of these arbitrary constants and functions as some physical quantities that can in principle be measured is a non-trivial matter. Concentrating on the case of constants, one usually identifies them as conserved mass, momentum, angular momentum, center of mass, or some other hairs of the solution. This can be done via the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM)-type construction based on pure geometry, and the solution is typically a black hole. Hence, one talks about the black hole mass and angular momentum etc. Here we show that there are several misunderstandings: First of all, the physical interpretation of the constants of a given geometry depends not only on pure geometry, i.e. the metric, but also on the theory under consideration. This becomes quite important, especially when there is a cosmological constant. Secondly, one usually assigns the maximally symmetric spacetime, say the flat or the (anti)-de Sitter spacetime, to have zero mass and angular momentum, and linear momentum. This declares the maximally symmetric spacetime to be the vacuum of the theory, but such an assignment depends on the coordinates in the ADM-type constructions and their extensions: in fact, one can introduce large gauge transformations (new coordinates) which map, say, the flat spacetime to flat spacetime but the resultant flat spacetime can have a nontrivial mass and angular momentum, if the new coordinates are such that the metric components do not decay properly. These issues, which are often overlooked, will be examined in detail, and a resolution, via the use of a divergence-free rank <span><math><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>)</mo></math></span>-tensor, will be shown for the case of anti-de Sitter spacetimes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1017 ","pages":"Article 116953"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}