Nuclear Physics B最新文献

{"title":"The Hubble tension: Relativistic dark matter production from long-lived particles","authors":"Alvaro S. de Jesus ,&nbsp;Matheus M.A. Paixão ,&nbsp;Dêivid R. da Silva ,&nbsp;Farinaldo S. Queiroz ,&nbsp;Nelson Pinto-Neto","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tension between direct measurements of the Hubble constant and those stemming from Cosmic Microwave Background probes has triggered a multitude of studies. The connection between cosmology and particle physics has shown to be a valuable approach to addressing the Hubble tension. In particular, increasing the number of relativistic degrees of freedom in the early universe helps alleviate the problem. In this work, we write down effective field theory describing relativistic dark matter production in association with neutrinos leading to a larger <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. We derive limits on the effective energy scale that governs this relativistic production of dark matter as a function of the dark matter mass for fermion, vector, and scalar dark matter fields. In particular, scalar dark matter particles are more effective in increasing the effective number of relativistic species. Also, if they have GeV scale masses, then the relativistic production of dark matter should be governed by Planck scale effective operators in order to alleviate the Hubble tension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1014 ","pages":"Article 116889"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deflection angle around generic traversable wormhole solutions and energy conditions in extended teleparallel theory of gravity","authors":"Yovqochev Pahlavon ,&nbsp;Farruh Atamurotov ,&nbsp;Abdelmalek Bouzenada ,&nbsp;Ahmadjon Abdujabbarov ,&nbsp;G. Mustafa","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores traversable wormhole solutions within the framework of <span><math><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> gravity, a generalized teleparallel theory that extends <span><math><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> gravity by incorporating the trace of the energy-momentum tensor <span><math><mi>T</mi></math></span>. Adopting Weitzenbock geometry, we derive the field equations for a linear <span><math><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> model and analyze Morris-Thorne wormhole geometries with two novel shape functions and a fractional redshift function. Violations of the null and strong energy conditions are illustrated, showing the presence of exotic matter near the wormhole throat, while the weak and dominant energy conditions are satisfied. Also, the effective potential for null and timelike geodesics reveals how particle trajectories depend on angular momentum, with deflection angle calculations demonstrating significant light bending near the throat. Numerical results show that increasing parameters in the shape functions enhance energy density and radial pressure violation, whereas larger redshift parameters reduce deflection angles at larger distances. Both shape function models support asymptotically flat and physically viable wormholes, with Model-I exhibiting stronger deflection effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1014 ","pages":"Article 116882"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended Bargmann FDA and non-relativistic gravity","authors":"Ariana Muñoz ,&nbsp;Gustavo Rubio ,&nbsp;Sebastián Salgado","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper we consider the construction of a free differential algebra as an extension of the extended Bargmann algebra in arbitrary dimensions. This is achieved by introducing a new Maurer-Cartan equation for a three-form gauge multiplet in the adjoint representation of the extended Bargmann algebra. The new Maurer-Cartan equation is provided of non-triviality by means of the introduction of a four-form cocycle, representative of a Chevalley-Eilenberg cohomology class. We derive the corresponding dual <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∞</mo></mrow></msub></math></span> algebra and, by using the formalism of non-linear realizations, propose a five-dimensional gauge invariant action principle. Then, we derive the corresponding equations of motion and study how the presence of the three-form gauge fields and the four-cocycle modify the corresponding non-relativistic dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1014 ","pages":"Article 116885"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability and existence of wormhole models in F(Q) gravity generated by holographic dark energy densities","authors":"Sat Paul ,&nbsp;S.K. Maurya ,&nbsp;Jitendra Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we investigate the existence, stability and physical viability of wormhole solutions within the framework of <span><math><mi>F</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> gravity, a modified gravity theory where <span><math><mi>Q</mi></math></span> represents the non-metricity scalar. In this study, we developed wormhole models using holographic dark energy density profiles described by Bekenstein-Hawking and Moradpour, represented as <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ρ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>h</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Ψ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mfrac></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ρ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Ψ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn><mi>π</mi><msup><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>(</mo><mi>π</mi><mi>λ</mi><msup><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mfrac></math></span>, respectively. The derived solutions for the wormhole's shape function fulfil the necessary conditions. This study examines the influence of the parameters <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Ψ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Ψ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> on the equilibrium state of the wormhole solution and the breaking of energy conditions. Our findings indicate that each model deviates from the null energy condition, indicating the necessity of exotic matter for the stability of wormholes. Additionally, we analysed the geometry of wormhole models by embedding diagrams. To achieve the physical viability of the wormhole, we examined the active gravitational mass (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>v</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) for both models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1014 ","pages":"Article 116886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bipartite expansion beyond biparticity","authors":"A. Anokhina ,&nbsp;E. Lanina ,&nbsp;A. Morozov","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recently suggested bipartite analysis extends the Kauffman planar decomposition to arbitrary <em>N</em>, i.e. extends it from the Jones polynomial to the HOMFLY polynomial. This provides a generic and straightforward non-perturbative calculus in an arbitrary Chern–Simons theory. Technically, this approach is restricted to knots and links which possess bipartite realizations, i.e. can be entirely glued from antiparallel lock (two-vertex) tangles rather than single-vertex <span><math><mi>R</mi></math></span>-matrices. However, we demonstrate that the resulting <em>positive decomposition</em> (PD), i.e. the representation of the fundamental HOMFLY polynomials as <em>positive integer</em> polynomials of the three parameters <em>ϕ</em>, <span><math><mover><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover></math></span> and <em>D</em>, exists for <em>arbitrary</em> knots, not only bipartite ones. This poses new questions about the true significance of bipartite expansion, which appears to make sense far beyond its original scope, and its generalizations to higher representations. We have provided two explanations for the existence of the PD for non-bipartite knots. An interesting option is to resolve a particular bipartite vertex in a not-fully-bipartite diagram and reduce the HOMFLY polynomial to a linear combination of those for smaller diagrams. If the resulting diagrams correspond to bipartite links, this option provides a PD even to an initially non-bipartite knot. Another possibility for a non-bipartite knot is to have a bipartite clone with the same HOMFLY polynomial providing this PD. We also suggest a promising criterium for the existence of a bipartite realization behind a given PD, which is based on the study of the precursor Jones polynomials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1014 ","pages":"Article 116881"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holographic superfluid sound modes with bulk acoustic black hole","authors":"Joseph Carlo U. Candare,&nbsp;Kristian Hauser A. Villegas","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sound modes of a flowing superfluid can be characterized by the massless Klein-Gordon equation in an effective background metric. This metric can be engineered to mimic a black hole by incorporating an acoustic horizon. In this study, we explore the AdS/CFT dual of sound modes within a fluid exhibiting an acoustic horizon in the bulk. Focusing on fluids with purely radial flow, we derive the effective metric for the acoustic spacetime and establish necessary conditions for the existence of an acoustic black hole geometry within the fluid. We examine two examples of acoustic black holes embedded in pure anti-de Sitter spacetime. For both examples, we compute the effective Hawking temperature associated with the bulk acoustic horizon and investigate the near-horizon properties. We then derive the superfluid velocity profile that may lead to infrared emergent quantum criticality. Our calculations reveal that although the superfluid is at zero temperature, the sound modes experience an effective nonzero temperature due to the presence of an acoustic horizon. We also calculate the retarded Green's function and the spectral density of the sound modes. Our findings reveal that the spectral density is gapless, while the retarded Green's functions display branch cuts rather than poles, a hallmark of strongly coupled systems. These calculations demonstrate how the behavior of sound modes in a fluid can deviate from that of the underlying scalar field, due to the deformation of the background metric into an effective one. Importantly, the detailed behavior of these modes in the presence of an acoustic horizon is contingent upon the specific fluid velocity profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1014 ","pages":"Article 116884"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kiselev-inspired wormholes","authors":"Jureeporn Yuennan ,&nbsp;Piyachat Panyasiripan ,&nbsp;Phongpichit Channuie","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we investigate traversable wormholes inspired by the Kiselev framework, which extends classical black hole solutions by incorporating anisotropic fluids. These exotic fluids play a crucial role in cosmology, particularly in explaining phenomena such as the accelerated expansion of the universe. We generalize the Kiselev framework to static, spherically symmetric traversable wormholes and analyze their properties under two distinct models of the redshift function: a constant redshift function and one that varies inversely with the radial coordinate. We examine the energy conditions—specifically the Null Energy Condition (NEC), Weak Energy Condition (WEC), and Strong Energy Condition (SEC)—for these models, demonstrating that only certain exotic fluids can sustain the wormhole structure. Furthermore, we quantify the amount of exotic matter required to maintain these wormholes using the volume integral quantifier and compare our results with other wormhole models. Additionally, we compute the effective potential for photons in Kiselev-inspired wormholes under both redshift function models and analyze their implications for weak gravitational lensing. Our findings suggest that Kiselev-inspired wormholes could serve as viable candidates for exotic geometries, potentially paving the way for future observational verification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1014 ","pages":"Article 116883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ferromagnets from higher SU(N) representations","authors":"Alexios P. Polychronakos ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Sfetsos","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a general formalism for deriving the thermodynamics of ferromagnets consisting of “atoms” carrying an arbitrary irreducible representation of <span><math><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> and coupled through long-range two-body quadratic interactions. Using this formalism, we derive the thermodynamics and phase structure of ferromagnets with atoms in the doubly symmetric or doubly antisymmetric irreducible representations. The symmetric representation leads to a paramagnetic and a ferromagnetic phase with transitions similar to the ones for the fundamental representation studied before. The antisymmetric representation presents qualitatively new features, leading to a paramagnetic and two distinct ferromagnetic phases that can coexist over a range of temperatures, two of them becoming metastable. Our results are relevant to magnetic systems of atoms with reduced symmetry in their interactions compared to the fundamental case.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1014 ","pages":"Article 116880"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolution of the neutron lifetime puzzle and the conceptual design of its experimental confirmation","authors":"Eugene Oks","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lifetime of free neutrons was a long-standing puzzle: in the <em>beam</em> experiments it significantly exceeded the corresponding result from the <em>trap</em> experiments. The difference far exceeded the experimental error margins. While the results of the trap experiments were based on counting neutrons, the results of the beam experiments were based on counting protons stemming from the three-body decay of a neutron into a free proton and a free electron (plus antineutrino). It was well-known that there is a relatively small probability for the two-body decay of a free neutron into a hydrogen atom (plus antineutrino). For explaining the above puzzle, the Branching Ratio (BR) for this two-body decay – compared to the usual three-body decay – should have been ∼ 1 %. However, the theoretical BR for such two-body decay was previously known to be smaller by several orders of magnitude: 4 × 10^–6. In one of our papers of 2024 (hereafter paper I) it was pointed out that after taking into account the second solution of the Dirac equation for hydrogen atoms, the theoretical BR for the two-body decay of free neutrons (into hydrogen atoms and antineutrinos) got enhanced by a factor ∼ 3000 to become ∼ 1 %. Thus, the neutron lifetime puzzle appeared solved <em>completely</em>. In the present paper, the resolution of the neutron lifetime puzzle in this way is just the “stepping stone” leading to the “keystone” (i.e., to the central idea): to the proposed conceptual design of the experiments that will constitute both the first experimental detection of the two-body decay of free neutrons and the experimental confirmation that the two-body decay of free neutrons produces overwhelmingly the hydrogen atoms described by the second solution of the Dirac equation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1014 ","pages":"Article 116879"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Casimir effect of rough plates under a magnetic field in Hořava-Lifshitz theory","authors":"Byron Droguett ,&nbsp;Claudio Bórquez","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2025.116878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the Casimir effect for parallel plates within the framework of Hořava-Lifshitz theory in <span><math><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></math></span> dimensions, considering the effects of roughness, anisotropic scaling factor, and an uniform constant magnetic field. Quantum fluctuations are induced by an anisotropic charged-scalar quantum field subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions. To incorporate surface roughness, we apply a coordinate transformation to flatten the plates, treating the remaining roughness terms as potential. The spectrum is derived using perturbation theory and regularized with the <em>ζ</em>-function method. As an illustrative example, we consider plates with periodic boundary conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54712,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics B","volume":"1014 ","pages":"Article 116878"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}